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Photonic crystal with periodic dielectric constant distribution has become the focus of theoretical and applied research in recent years because of their bandgap structure similar to the electronic states in semiconductors. It is also a promising method of creating a stable low power microplasma. This research field makes it possible to explore plasma science using microplasmas driven by millimeter wave bands. The dispersive and dissipative properties of plasma make plasma photonic crystals have properties that conventional dielectric photonic crystals do not have. The properties and parameters of plasma photonic crystal can be artificially controlled by changing the parameters of the plasma. To further investigate the influence of photonic crystals on electromagnetic wave transmission, a waveguide model with a plasma photonic crystal array structure is proposed in order to achieve modulation of electromagnetic wave transmission. This proposed model structure can achieve multiple frequency transmission points, making up for the shortcoming of single frequency point transmission in the W-band. Meanwhile, adding a plasma column to the center of defect vacancy in the gradient structure can limit the amplitude of electromagnetic waves and regulate the transmission of electromagnetic waves at different resonant frequencies. The results show that electromagnetic wave can achieve efficient transmission at multiple frequency points such as 85.2, 92.1, 98.5, 102.4, 106 GHz without plasma interference, and transmission coefficients are greater than –0.42 dB. The construction of gradient structure can form different strong electric fields around the defect vacancy at the resonance frequency, resulting in gas breakdown and the generation of high-concentration microwave plasma, achieving effective control of the reflected power, transmitted power and absorbed power of electromagnetic wave. When the plasma concentration reaches the plasma frequency equivalent to the incident wave frequency, the electromagnetic wave can be transmitted with less loss in this period. When it achieves a considerable degree or higher, the electromagnetic wave will be rapidly absorbed or reflected by the high concentration plasma, and the transmission power will decrease rapidly, and finally stabilize at a low level. In addition, changing the size of the plasma column can further adjust the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves at different frequency points. This research can provide support for the transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and the design of microwave devices.
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Keywords:
- plasma /
- electromagnetic wave /
- graded structure /
- gas breakdown
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图 1 等离子体光子晶体结构示意图 (a)三维模型; (b)二维模型
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of plasma photonic crystal structure: (a) Three-dimensional model; (b) two-dimensional model.
图 3 渐变结构的S参数
Figure 3. The S-parameter of the gradient structure.
图 4 入射功率为1 W时渐变结构中的电场分布 (a) 85.2 GHz; (b) 92.1 GHz; (c) 98.5 GHz; (d) 102.4 GHz; (e) 106 GHz
Figure 4. Electric field distribution in gradient structure with incident power of 1 W: (a) 85.2 GHz; (b) 92.1 GHz; (c) 98.5 GHz; (d) 102.4 GHz; (e) 106 GHz.
图 5 92.1 GHz频率下电磁波在不同入射功率和气体压强情况下的传输情况
Figure 5. Electromagnetic wave transmission at 92.1 GHz under different incident power and gas pressure.
图 6 t = 0.01 s时刻渐变结构缺陷空位处加入等离子体柱后不同频点下的电场分布 (a) 85.2 GHz; (b) 92.1 GHz; (c) 98.5 GHz; (d) 102.4 GHz; (e) 106 GHz
Figure 6. Electric field distribution at different frequency points after the plasma column is added to the vacancy of the defect in the gradient structure at t = 0.01 s: (a) 85.2 GHz; (b) 92.1 GHz; (c) 98.5 GHz; (d) 102.4 GHz; (e) 106 GHz.
图 7 t = 0.01 s 时刻渐变结构缺陷空位处加入等离子体柱后不同频点下的电子密度分布 (a) 85.2 GHz; (b) 92.1 GHz; (c) 98.5 GHz; (d) 102.4 GHz; (e) 106 GHz
Figure 7. Electron density distribution at different frequency points after the plasma column is added to the vacancy of the defect in the gradient structure at t = 0.01 s: (a) 85.2 GHz; (b) 92.1 GHz; (c) 98.5 GHz; (d) 102.4 GHz; (e) 106 GHz.
图 8 谐振频率下中心纵向截线上的电场分布
Figure 8. Electric field distribution on central longitudinal transversal line at resonant frequency.
图 9 谐振频率下的电磁波反射功率
Figure 9. Electromagnetic wave reflection power at resonant frequency.
图 10 谐振频率下的电磁波吸收功率
Figure 10. Electromagnetic wave absorption power at resonant frequency.
图 11 谐振频率下的电磁波传输功率
Figure 11. Electromagnetic wave transmission power at resonant frequency.
图 12 不同等离子体柱半径下电磁波的传输系数
Figure 12. Transmission coefficient of electromagnetic wave under different plasma column radius.
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[1] Yablonovitch E 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2059
Google Scholar
[2] Bai W C, Li B H, Zhou B H, Zhao D, Lan Z J, Zhang H, Zhang H Z, Yuan L 2021 Solid State Commun. 324 114143
Google Scholar
[3] Berman O L, Boyko V S, Kezerashvili R Y, Kolesnikov A A, Lozovik Y E 2018 Phys. Lett. A 382 2075
Google Scholar
[4] 周金苟, 杜桂强, 张亚文, 刘念华 2005 物理学报 54 3703
Google Scholar
Zhou J G, Du G Q, Zhang Y W, Liu N H 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3703
Google Scholar
[5] Moghadam F R, Bahari A 2017 J. Mod. Opt. 64 567
Google Scholar
[6] Wang H L, Li J F, Guo L, Ma D L, Yao J F, Li H P 2023 Photonics 10 333
Google Scholar
[7] Britto E C, Danasegaran S K, Xavier S C, Lalithakumari S 2023 J. Electron. Mater. 52 1177
Google Scholar
[8] 张戎, 曹俊诚 2010 物理学报 59 3924
Google Scholar
Zhang R, Cao J C 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3924
Google Scholar
[9] Kumar A, Singh P, Thapa K B 2020 Opt. Quantum Electron. 52 423
Google Scholar
[10] Zhu Q F, Wang D Y, Zhang Y 2011 Optik 122 330
Google Scholar
[11] Chaves F S, Posada H V, Barón E P N 2020 Optik 200 163320
Google Scholar
[12] Centeno E, Cassagne D 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 2278
Google Scholar
[13] Singh B K, Bambole V, Tiwari S, Shukla K K, Pandey P C, Rastogi V 2021 Optik 240 166854
Google Scholar
[14] Zhu Z C, Liu B, Zhang F, Tang H L, Xu J, Gu M, Zhang C, Chen L, Liu J L, Ouyang X P 2021 Opt. Express 29 18646
Google Scholar
[15] Hojo H, Mase A 2004 J. Plasma Fusion Res. 80 89
Google Scholar
[16] Lo J, Sokoloff J, Callegari T, Boeuf J P 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 251501
Google Scholar
[17] Gregório J, Parsons S, Hopwood J 2017 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 26 02LT03
Google Scholar
[18] Biggs D R, Marcovati A, Cappelli M A 2019 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 52 055202
Google Scholar
[19] Sakai O, Sakaguchi T, Tachibana K 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 241505
Google Scholar
[20] Hopwood J 2021 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 30 115013
Google Scholar
[21] Liu R B, Peng J, Lin L G, Qiu D Q, Liu Z, Lin Q 2023 Phys. Scr. 98 055611
Google Scholar
[22] Liang Y C, Liang Z Q, Liu Z, Jun P, Qiu D Q 2023 Opt. Express 31 776
Google Scholar
[23] Wang S, Liu S, Hou X H, Liu F C, Wu Z C, He Y F, Fan W L 2024 Phys. Lett. A 525 129850
Google Scholar
[24] Sun P P, Zhang R Y, Chen W Y, Braun P V, Eden J G 2019 Appl. Phys. Rev. 6 041406
Google Scholar
[25] 刘少斌, 朱传喜, 袁乃昌 2005 物理学报 54 2804
Google Scholar
Liu S B, Zhu C X, Yuan N C 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 2804
Google Scholar
[26] Kamboj G K, Yadav R P, Kaler R S 2021 Phys. Plasma 28 53509
Google Scholar
[27] Li J F, Zhou C, Yao J F, Yuan C X, Wang Y, Zhou Z X, Zhang J W, Kudryavtsev A A 2023 Plasma Sci. Technol. 25 35001
Google Scholar
[28] Parsons S G, Hopwood J 2017 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 38 1602
Google Scholar
[29] Kim H, Hopwood J 2020 J. Appl. Phys. 128 93302
Google Scholar
[30] Navarro R, Hopwood J 2022 J. Appl. Phys. 132 103301
Google Scholar
[31] Hopwood J 2023 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 51 2165
Google Scholar
[32] Liao C J, Wang L, Gao J W, Ding D Z 2024 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 52 204
Google Scholar
[33] Wang L, Bao H G, Ding D Z, Chen R S 2022 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 50 525
Google Scholar
[34] Zhao P C, Liao C, Lin W B, Chang L, Fu H J 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 102111
Google Scholar
[35] Datta S, Han J G, Kumar R, Sahu B B 2024 AIP Adv. 14 015046
Google Scholar
[36] Kim H, Hopwood J 2021 J. Appl. Phys. 129 033301
Google Scholar
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