在单零色散微结构光纤中一次抽运同时发生两组四波混频的实验观察

李建设; 李曙光; 赵原源; 刘强; 范振凯; 王光耀

doi:10.7498/aps.65.214201

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摘要

采用可以减小纤芯面积的小气孔设计方案巧妙设计并成功拉制了一根高非线性的单零色散微结构光纤.利用有限元法模拟并计算得到了该光纤的基模有效折射率、色散系数和非线性系数等基本属性随波长的变化关系，然后利用四波混频的有效相位失配方程模拟了其相位失配曲线.模拟表明，在该光纤中可以同时发生两组四波混频.在位于微结构光纤的正常色散区的0.800，0.810和0.820 m三个波长处，分别采用不同的功率抽运，在实验上都非常明显地观察到了分列于抽运波长两侧的四个增益波带的产生.经与相位失配曲线比较，发现它们满足相位匹配条件，从而证明了两组四波混频过程的同时发生.实验结果与理论预言符合得很好.发生在正常色散区的四波混频效应的产生可归结于负的四阶色散对相位匹配过程的贡献.本文研究可对微结构光纤的结构设计和基于四波混频的多波长转移技术的发展提供经验与借鉴，同时也对非常见波段激光器和宽带光源的开发具有参考意义.

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作者及机构信息

1.
燕山大学理学院, 亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室, 秦皇岛 066004

通信作者: 李曙光, shuguangli@ysu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：61178026，61475134，61505175）、河北省自然科学基金（批准号：E2012203035）和燕山大学博士基金（批准号：B1004）资助的课题.

参考文献

[1]	Tanemura T, Goh C S, Kikuchi K, Set S Y 2004 IEEE. Photonic. Technol. Lett. 16 551
[2]	Zhang L, Yang B J, Wang Q G, He L 2008 Acta Photon. Sin. 37 2203(in Chinese)[张岚, 杨伯君, 王秋国, 何理2008光子学报37 2203]
[3]	Kuang Q Q, Chen Y H, Yan A, Zhang Z X, Nie Y Y, Sang M H, Zhan L 2009 Laser J. 30 36(in Chinese)[况庆强, 陈艳辉, 燕安, 张祖兴, 聂义友, 桑明煌, 詹黎2009激光杂志30 36]
[4]	Zhang L, Tong T H, Sega D, Kawamura H, Deng D H, Suzuki T, Ohishi Y 2015 Nonlinear Optics Kauai, USA, July 26-31, 2015 NW4A.32
[5]	Liang J Q, Wang J F, Li P, Wang Y C 2013 Chin. J. Lasers 40 0402009(in Chinese)[梁俊强, 王娟芬, 李璞, 王云才2013中国激光40 0402009]
[6]	Wang L J, Yan L S, Guo Y H, Wen K H, Chen Z Y, Pan W, Luo B 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0419002(in Chinese)[王鲁俊, 闫连山, 郭迎辉, 温坤华, 陈智宇, 潘炜, 罗斌2013光学学报33 0419002]
[7]	Zhang L, Tuan T H, Sega D, Kawamura H, Deng D H, Suzuki T, Ohishi Y 2015 Opt. Express 23 26299
[8]	Zhang L 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing:Tsinghua University)(in Chinese)[张磊2014博士学位论文(北京:清华大学)]
[9]	Reeves W H, Skryabin D V, Biancalana F, Knight J C, Russell P St J, Omenetto F G, Efimov A, Taylor A J 2003 Nature 424 511
[10]	Zhang L, Yang S G, Han Y, Chen H W, Chen M H, Xie S Z 2013 Opt. Commun. 300 22
[11]	Koshiba M, Saitoh K 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 6267
[12]	Bréchet F, Marcou J, Pagnoux D, Roy P 2000 Opt. Fiber. Technol. 6 181
[13]	Malitson I H 1965 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 55 1205
[14]	Lou S Q, Ren G B, Yan F P, Jian S S 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1229(in Chinese)[娄淑琴, 任国斌, 延凤平, 简水生2005物理学报54 1229]
[15]	Kerbage C, Eggleton B 2002 Opt. Express 10 246
[16]	Yang T Y, Wang E L, Jiang H M, Hu Z J, Xie K 2015 Opt. Express 23 8329
[17]	Yan F P, Li Y F, Wang L, Gong T R, Liu P, Liu Y, Tao P L, Qu M X, Jian S S 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5735(in Chinese)[延凤平, 李一凡, 王琳, 龚桃荣, 刘鹏, 刘洋, 陶沛琳, 曲美霞, 简水生2008物理学报57 5735]
[18]	Harvey J D, Leonhardt R, Coen S, Wong G K L, Knight J C, Wadsworth W J, Russell P St J 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 2225
[19]	Agrawal G P 2009 Nonlinear Fiber Optics(4th Ed.) (New York:Elsevier) pp383, 464-467
[20]	Li J S, Li S G, Zhao Y Y, Li H, Zhou G Y, Chen H L, Han X M, Liu Q, Han Y, Fan Z K, Zhang W, An G W 2015 IEEE Photon. J. 7 1
[21]	Liu X X, Wang S T, Zhao X T, Chen S, Zhou G Y, Wu X J, Li S G, Hou L T 2014 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 34 1460(in Chinese)[刘晓旭, 王书涛, 赵兴涛, 陈爽, 周桂耀, 吴希军, 李曙光, 侯蓝田2014光谱学与光谱分析34 1460]
[22]	Zhao X T, Liu X X, Wang S T, Wang W, Han Y, Liu Z L, Li S G, Hou L T 2015 Opt. Express 23 27899
[23]	Yuan J H, Sang X Z, Yu C X, Xin X J, Zhou G Y, Li S G, Hou L T 2011 Appl. Phys. B 104 117

施引文献

[1]	Tanemura T, Goh C S, Kikuchi K, Set S Y 2004 IEEE. Photonic. Technol. Lett. 16 551
[2]	Zhang L, Yang B J, Wang Q G, He L 2008 Acta Photon. Sin. 37 2203(in Chinese)[张岚, 杨伯君, 王秋国, 何理2008光子学报37 2203]
[3]	Kuang Q Q, Chen Y H, Yan A, Zhang Z X, Nie Y Y, Sang M H, Zhan L 2009 Laser J. 30 36(in Chinese)[况庆强, 陈艳辉, 燕安, 张祖兴, 聂义友, 桑明煌, 詹黎2009激光杂志30 36]
[4]	Zhang L, Tong T H, Sega D, Kawamura H, Deng D H, Suzuki T, Ohishi Y 2015 Nonlinear Optics Kauai, USA, July 26-31, 2015 NW4A.32
[5]	Liang J Q, Wang J F, Li P, Wang Y C 2013 Chin. J. Lasers 40 0402009(in Chinese)[梁俊强, 王娟芬, 李璞, 王云才2013中国激光40 0402009]
[6]	Wang L J, Yan L S, Guo Y H, Wen K H, Chen Z Y, Pan W, Luo B 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0419002(in Chinese)[王鲁俊, 闫连山, 郭迎辉, 温坤华, 陈智宇, 潘炜, 罗斌2013光学学报33 0419002]
[7]	Zhang L, Tuan T H, Sega D, Kawamura H, Deng D H, Suzuki T, Ohishi Y 2015 Opt. Express 23 26299
[8]	Zhang L 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing:Tsinghua University)(in Chinese)[张磊2014博士学位论文(北京:清华大学)]
[9]	Reeves W H, Skryabin D V, Biancalana F, Knight J C, Russell P St J, Omenetto F G, Efimov A, Taylor A J 2003 Nature 424 511
[10]	Zhang L, Yang S G, Han Y, Chen H W, Chen M H, Xie S Z 2013 Opt. Commun. 300 22
[11]	Koshiba M, Saitoh K 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 6267
[12]	Bréchet F, Marcou J, Pagnoux D, Roy P 2000 Opt. Fiber. Technol. 6 181
[13]	Malitson I H 1965 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 55 1205
[14]	Lou S Q, Ren G B, Yan F P, Jian S S 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 1229(in Chinese)[娄淑琴, 任国斌, 延凤平, 简水生2005物理学报54 1229]
[15]	Kerbage C, Eggleton B 2002 Opt. Express 10 246
[16]	Yang T Y, Wang E L, Jiang H M, Hu Z J, Xie K 2015 Opt. Express 23 8329
[17]	Yan F P, Li Y F, Wang L, Gong T R, Liu P, Liu Y, Tao P L, Qu M X, Jian S S 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5735(in Chinese)[延凤平, 李一凡, 王琳, 龚桃荣, 刘鹏, 刘洋, 陶沛琳, 曲美霞, 简水生2008物理学报57 5735]
[18]	Harvey J D, Leonhardt R, Coen S, Wong G K L, Knight J C, Wadsworth W J, Russell P St J 2003 Opt. Lett. 28 2225
[19]	Agrawal G P 2009 Nonlinear Fiber Optics(4th Ed.) (New York:Elsevier) pp383, 464-467
[20]	Li J S, Li S G, Zhao Y Y, Li H, Zhou G Y, Chen H L, Han X M, Liu Q, Han Y, Fan Z K, Zhang W, An G W 2015 IEEE Photon. J. 7 1
[21]	Liu X X, Wang S T, Zhao X T, Chen S, Zhou G Y, Wu X J, Li S G, Hou L T 2014 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 34 1460(in Chinese)[刘晓旭, 王书涛, 赵兴涛, 陈爽, 周桂耀, 吴希军, 李曙光, 侯蓝田2014光谱学与光谱分析34 1460]
[22]	Zhao X T, Liu X X, Wang S T, Wang W, Han Y, Liu Z L, Li S G, Hou L T 2015 Opt. Express 23 27899
[23]	Yuan J H, Sang X Z, Yu C X, Xin X J, Zhou G Y, Li S G, Hou L T 2011 Appl. Phys. B 104 117

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在单零色散微结构光纤中一次抽运同时发生两组四波混频的实验观察

1. 燕山大学理学院, 亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室, 秦皇岛 066004

通信作者: 李曙光, shuguangli@ysu.edu.cn

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金（批准号：61178026，61475134，61505175）、河北省自然科学基金（批准号：E2012203035）和燕山大学博士基金（批准号：B1004）资助的课题.

收稿日期: 2016-06-15

修回日期: 2016-07-06

刊出日期: 2016-11-05

摘要: 采用可以减小纤芯面积的小气孔设计方案巧妙设计并成功拉制了一根高非线性的单零色散微结构光纤.利用有限元法模拟并计算得到了该光纤的基模有效折射率、色散系数和非线性系数等基本属性随波长的变化关系，然后利用四波混频的有效相位失配方程模拟了其相位失配曲线.模拟表明，在该光纤中可以同时发生两组四波混频.在位于微结构光纤的正常色散区的0.800，0.810和0.820 m三个波长处，分别采用不同的功率抽运，在实验上都非常明显地观察到了分列于抽运波长两侧的四个增益波带的产生.经与相位失配曲线比较，发现它们满足相位匹配条件，从而证明了两组四波混频过程的同时发生.实验结果与理论预言符合得很好.发生在正常色散区的四波混频效应的产生可归结于负的四阶色散对相位匹配过程的贡献.本文研究可对微结构光纤的结构设计和基于四波混频的多波长转移技术的发展提供经验与借鉴，同时也对非常见波段激光器和宽带光源的开发具有参考意义.

关键词:

Experimental studies of two sets of four-wave mixing processes in a single-zero-dispersion microstructured fiber by the same pump

1.
State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China

Fund Project:

Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 61178026, 61475134, 61505175), the Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China(Grant No. E2012203035), and the Doctoral Foundation of Yanshan University, China(Grant No. B1004).

Received Date: 15 June 2016

Accepted Date: 06 July 2016

Published Online: 05 November 2016

Abstract: A highly nonlinear microstructured fiber with single-zero-dispersion wavelength is designed and drawn by reducing the core area in order to observe two groups of four-wave mixing processes by a single pump. The foundational material of the fiber is silica and its cladding is comprised of seven-layer air holes. The air holes are arranged in a hexagonal lattice and the lattice pitch is =2.5 m. The radius of each of the air holes is r=1.03 m. There is just one zero-dispersion wavelength in our considerable wavelength range for the microstructured fiber and the corresponding wavelength D is nearly 0.85 m（D=0.85 m). The basic properties of the fiber including effective refractive index, dispersion coefficient, and nonlinear coefficient are calculated by the finite element method. The effective mode area is 4.4 m2 and the nonlinear coefficient is 0.057 m-1W-1 for the foundation mode near the wavelength of 0.8 m, and the nonlinear coefficient reaches 0.053 m-1W-1 near the zero dispersion wavelength of 0.85 m. In short, the optical fiber has a stable and high nonlinear coefficient in the whole experimental band（0.80-0.83 m), which provides an important guarantee for the occurrence of four-wave mixing double parameter gain process. In addition, the phase mismatch curve is simulated by using the four-wave mixing phase mismatch formulation. Numerical simulation shows that two sets of four-wave mixing processes can occur in the designed fiber. At the normal dispersion wavelengths of 0.800, 0.810 and 0.820 m with different powers, the experimental result shows a significant feature of four gain wavebands located at both sides of the pump wavelength. By comparing experimental data with the phase mismatch curve, we find that the band generation meets four-wave mixing phase matching condition, thus, the simultaneous occurrence of two groups of four-wave mixing processes observed in the experiment is explained in theory. The experimental results are consistent well with the theoretical predictions. This also proves the theoretical predictions that two sets of parametric gain processes and two pairs of signal and idle frequency waves can be generated in PCF. The four-wave mixing effect occurring in the normal dispersion region can be attributed to the contribution of negative fourth-order dispersion to the phase matching process. The present work can provide valuable reference to designing the microstructure fibers and developing the multi-wavelength conversion technology based on four-wave mixing effect. At the same time, this work can also supply guidance for developing the uncommon waveband lasers and broadband light sources.

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