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In recent years, transition metal dichalcogenides materials represented by monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have aroused great interest due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. The synthesis method of high-quality monolayer MoS2 film is a key problem for scientific research and industrial application. Recently, researchers have proposed a salt-assisted chemical vapor deposition method for growing the monolayer films, which greatly promotes the growth rate and quality of monolayer film. By using this method, we design a growth source of semi-enclosed quartz boat, and successfully obtain high-quality monolayer MoS2 films by using the double auxiliary action of sodium chloride (NaCl). Scanning electron microscopy shows the excellent film formation, and the photoluminescence spectra show that the luminescence intensity is significantly higher than that of the sample grown without NaCl. The NaCl double-assisted growth method proposed in this study can reduce the growth temperature of MoS2, shorten the growth time, and improve the optical properties of the films. Besides, the operation is simple and the cost is low, which provides an idea for growing the large-scale two-dimensional materials.
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Keywords:
- MoS2 /
- chemical vapor deposition /
- NaCl dual-assist strategy /
- monolayer film growth
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图 1 (a) 生长装置示意图; (b) 盛放Mo源的半封闭式石英舟; (c) 温度变化趋势图
Figure 1. (a) Schematic illustrations of the experimental set-up; (b) semi-enclosed quartz boat for Mo source; (c) temperature program for the growth
图 2 不同生长时间下的MoS2光学显微镜图像 (a) 10 min; (b) 15 min, 内插图为单个MoS2的AFM图; (c) 20 min
Figure 2. Optical microscope images of MoS2 at different growth times: (a) 10 min; (b) 15 min, the inside image is AFM diagram of single MoS2; (c) 20 min
图 3 Mo源中加入不同NaCl量的光学显微镜图像 (a) 0 mg; (b) 5 mg; (c) 10 mg, 内插图为单个MoS2的AFM图; (d) 15 mg
Figure 3. Optical microscope images of Mo source with different amounts of NaCl: (a) 0 mg; (b) 5 mg; (c) 10 mg, the inside image is an AFM diagram of single MoS2; (d) 15 mg
图 4 衬底上添加不同浓度NaCl的光学显微镜图像 (a) 0.1 mmol/L; (b) 0.3 mmol/L, 内插图为单个MoS2的AFM图; (c) 0.5 mmol/L
Figure 4. Optical microscope images of different concentrations of NaCl: (a) 0.1 mmol/L; (b) 0.3 mmol/L, the inside image is an AFM diagram of single MoS2; (c) 0.5 mmol/L.
图 5 (a)—(c) 不同浓度的NaCl搭配下的光学显微镜图像 (a) 10 mg + 0.1 mmol/L; (b) 10 mg + 0.3 mmol/L, 内插图为MoS2边界的AFM图; (c) 10 mg + 0.5 mmol/L. (d) 10 mg + 0.3 mmol/L条件下生长的MoS2在Si衬底的照片以及左中右三块区域的大范围SEM图像
Figure 5. (a)–(c) Optical microscope images with different concentrations of NaCl: (a) 10 mg + 0.1 mmol/L; (b) 10 mg + 0.3 mmol/L, the inside image is an AFM diagram of MoS2 boundary; (c) 10 mg + 0.5 mmol/L. (d) Photographs of MoS2 grown under the condition of 10 mg + 0.3 mmol/L and large range SEM images corresponding to the three regions of left, middle and right
图 8 (a) 4种在不同位置添加NaCl生长的单层MoS2的PL光谱; (b) 4种样品的归一化PL光谱
Figure 8. (a) PL spectra of four monolayer MoS2 grown at different locations with NaCl addition; (b) normalized PL spectra of four samples
图 6 在不同位置添加NaCl生长的MoS2的拉曼图
Figure 6. Raman spectra of MoS2 growing at different locations of NaCl
图 7 掺入NaCl和未掺入NaCl条件下合成单层MoS2的XPS表征, 其中(a)—(c)分别是(a) Mo 3d, (b) S 2p和(c) Na 1s的XPS图; (d) XPS全谱
Figure 7. XPS characterizations of monolayer MoS2 synthesized with NaCl and without NaCl. The XPS spectra of two MoS2 samples: (a) Mo 3d; (b) S 2p; (c) Na 1s. (d) The full spectrum of XPS
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[1] Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, DUbonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
Google Scholar
[2] Xie Y, Wang Z, Zhan Y, Zhang P, Wu R, Jiang T, Wu S, Wang H, Zhao Y, Nan T, Ma X 2017 Nanotechnology 28 084001
Google Scholar
[3] Chen J, Zhao X, Tan S J, Xu H, Wu B, Liu B, Fu D, Fu W, Geng D, Liu Y, Liu W, Tang W, Li L, Zhou W, Sum T C, Loh K P 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 1073
Google Scholar
[4] Wu T, Zhang X, Yuan Q, Xue J, Lu G, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang H, Ding F, Yu Q, Xie X, Jiang M 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 43
Google Scholar
[5] 徐依全, 王聪 2020 物理学报 69 184216
Google Scholar
Xu Y Q, Wang C 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 184216
Google Scholar
[6] Mak K F, Lee C, Hone J, Shan J, Heinz T F 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 136805
Google Scholar
[7] Yu Z, Ong Z Y, Li S, Xu J B, Zhang G, Zhang Y W, Shi Y, Wang X 2017 Adv. Funct. Mater. 27 1604093
Google Scholar
[8] Han T, Liu H, Wang S, Chen S, Li W, Yang X, Cai M, Yang K 2019 Nanomaterials 9 740
Google Scholar
[9] Lembke D, Kis A 2012 ACS Nano 6 10070
Google Scholar
[10] Zhang W, Huang J K, Chen C H, Chang Y H, Cheng Y J, Li L J 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 3456
Google Scholar
[11] Yin X B, Ye Z L, Chenet D A, Ye Y, Brien K O, Hone J C, Zhang X 2014 Science 344 488
Google Scholar
[12] 樊子冉, 孔洋洋, 李宇豪, 李志, 贾婷婷 2019 人工晶体学报 48 1190
Google Scholar
Fan Z R, Kong Y Y, Li Y H, Li Z, Jia T T 2019 J. Synth. Cryst. 48 1190
Google Scholar
[13] Fu D, Zhao X, Zhang Y Y, Li L, Xu H, Jang A R, Yoon S I, Song P, Poh S M, Ren T, Ding Z, Fu W, Shin T J, Shin H S, Pantelides S T, Zhou W, Loh K P 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 9392
Google Scholar
[14] Zeng Z, Yin Z, Huang X, Li H, He Q, Lu G, Boey F, Zhang H 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 11093
Google Scholar
[15] Wang S, Rong Y, Fan Y, Pacios M, Bhaskaran H, He K, Warner J H 2014 Chem. Mater. 26 6371
Google Scholar
[16] 魏晓旭, 程英, 霍达, 张宇涵, 王军转, 胡勇, 施毅 2014 物理学报 63 217802
Google Scholar
Wei X X, Cheng Y, Huo D, Zhang Y H, Wang J Z, Hu Y, Shi Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 217802
Google Scholar
[17] Huang Y, Pan Y H, Yang R, Bao L H, Meng L, Luo H L, Cai Y Q, Liu G D, Zhao W J, Zhou Z, Wu L M, Zhu Z L, Huang M, Liu L W, Liu L, Cheng P, Wu K H, Tian S B, Gu C Z, Shi Y G, Guo Y F, Cheng Z G, Hu J P, Zhao L, Yang G H, Sutter E, Sutter P, Wang Y L, Ji W, Zhou X J, Gao H J 2020 Nat. Commun. 11 2453
Google Scholar
[18] Liu X, Fechler N, Antonietti M 2013 Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 8237
Google Scholar
[19] Huang L, Hu Z, Jin H, Wu J, Liu K, Xu Z, Wan J, Zhou H, Duan J, Hu B, Zhou J 2020 Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1908486
Google Scholar
[20] Chen K, Chen Z, Wan X, Zheng Z, Xie F, Chen W, Gui X, Chen H, Xie W, Xu J 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1700704
Google Scholar
[21] Xie Y, Ma X, Wang Z, Nan T, Wu R, Zhang P, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhan Y, Hao Y 2018 MRS Adv. 3 365
Google Scholar
[22] Yang P, Zou X, Zhang Z, Hong M, Shi J, Chen S, Shu J, Zhao L, Jiang S, Zhou X, Huan Y, Xie C, Gao P, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Zhang Y 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 979
Google Scholar
[23] Lin Y C, Yeh C H, Lin H C, Siao M D, Liu Z, Nakajima H, Okazaki T, Chou M Y, Suenaga K, Chiu P W 2018 ACS Nano 12 12080
Google Scholar
[24] Pandey S K, Alsalman H, Azadani J G, Izquierdo N, Low T, Campbell S A 2018 Nanoscale 10 21374
Google Scholar
[25] Huan Y, Shi J, Zou X, Gong Y, Xie C, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Shi Y, Li M, Yang P, Jiang S, Hong M, Gu L, Zhang Q, Yan X, Zhang Y 2019 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141 18694
Google Scholar
[26] Li P, Cui J, Zhou J, Guo D, Zhao Z, Yi J, Fan J, Ji Z, Jing X, Qu F, Yang C, Lu L, Lin J, Liu Z, Liu G 2019 Adv. Mater. 31 e1904641
Google Scholar
[27] Lan F, Yang R, Xu Y, Qian S, Zhang S, Cheng H, Zhang Y 2018 Nanomaterials 8 100
Google Scholar
[28] Zhou J, Lin J, Huang X, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Xia J, Wang H, Xie Y, Yu H, Lei J, Wu D, Liu F, Fu Q, Zeng Q, Hsu C H, Yang C, Lu L, Yu T, Shen Z, Lin H, Yakobson B I, Liu Q, Suenaga K, Liu G, Liu Z 2018 Nature 556 355
Google Scholar
[29] Chen L, Zang L, Chen L, Wu J, Jiang C, Song J 2021 CrystEngComm 23 5337
Google Scholar
[30] Li S, Wang S, Tang D M, Zhao W, Xu H, Chu L, Bando Y, Golberg D, Eda G 2015 Appl. Mater. Today 1 60
Google Scholar
[31] Wang P, Lei J, Qu J, Cao S, Jiang H, He M, Shi H, Sun X, Gao B, Liu W 2019 Chem. Mater. 31 873
Google Scholar
[32] Xie C, Yang P, Huan Y, Cui F, Zhang Y 2020 Dalton Trans. 49 10319
Google Scholar
[33] Wang W, Shu H, Wang J, Cheng Y, Liang P, Chen X 2020 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12 9563
Google Scholar
[34] Song J G, Ryu G H, Lee S J, Sim S, Lee C W, Choi T, Jung H, Kim Y, Lee Z, Myoung J M, Dussarrat C, Lansalot-Matras C, Park J, Choi H, Kim H 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7817
Google Scholar
[35] Splendiani A, Sun L, Zhang Y, Li T, Kim J, Chim C Y, Galli G, Wang F 2010 Nano Lett. 10 1271
Google Scholar
[36] Mak K F, He K, Lee C, Lee G H, Hone J, Heinz T F, Shan J 2013 Nat. Mater. 12 207
Google Scholar
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