Magnetic-field-induced spin reorientation in TmFeO<sub>3</sub> single crystals

Wang Ning; Huang Feng; Chen Ying; Zhu Guo-Feng; Su Hao-Bin; Guo Cui-Xia; Wang Xiang-Feng

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231322

Abstract

TmFeO₃ exhibits rich physical properties such as magneto-optical effect, multiferroicity, and spin reorientation, making it possess significant research value in condensed matter physics and materials science. In this study, we utilize a time-domain terahertz magneto-optical spectroscopy system to investigate the changes in spin resonance frequency of TmFeO₃ single crystal at T = 1.6 K under external magnetic fields in a range of 0–7 T. The TmFeO₃ sample is grown in an optical floating zone furnace and its crystallographic orientation is determined by using back-reflection Laue X-ray photography with a tungsten target. The measurement setup is a self-built time-domain terahertz magneto-optical spectroscopy system, with magnetic fields in a range of 0–7 T, temperatures in a range of 1.6–300 K, and a spectral range of 0.2–2.0 THz. A pair of 1 mm-thick ZnTe nonlinear crystals is used to generate and detect terahertz signals through optical rectification and electro-optic sampling technique. The system variable temperature and magnetic field are controlled by a superconducting magnet. In experiments, a linearly polarized terahertz wave is vertically incident on the sample surface, and its magnetic component H_THz is parallel to the sample surface. By rotating the sample, the angle (θ) between macroscopic magnetic moment M and H_THz can be tuned, achieving selective excitations of the two modes, that is, θ = 0 for q-AFM mode and 90° for q-FM mode. Terahertz absorption spectrum results indicate that as the magnetic field increases, the quasi-ferromagnetic resonance (q-FM) of TmFeO₃ single crystal shifts towards high frequencies, and quasi-antiferromagnetic resonance (q-AFM) transits to q-FM under low critical magnetic fields (2.2–3.6 T). Through magnetic structure analysis and theoretical fitting, it is confirmed that the magnetic moment of the single crystal undergoes magnetic field induced spin reorientation. This study is helpful in better understanding of the regulation mechanism of the internal magnetic structure of rare earth ferrite under the combined action of external magnetic field and temperature field, and also in developing related spin electronic devices.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
2.
The Engineering Research Center for CAD/CAM of Fujian Universities, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
3.
Engineering Research Center of Smart Distribution Grid Equipment, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350108, China
4.
College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China

Corresponding author: Huang Feng, huangf@fzu.edu.cn ; Chen Ying, chenying26@fzu.edu.cn ; Wang Xiang-Feng, xfwang@fzu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62105068), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (Grant Nos. 2023J05096, 2023J01055), the Key Laboratory of Terahertz Functional Devices and Intelligent Sensing of Fujian Province, China (Grant No. FPKLTFDIS202304), the Engineering Research Center for CAD/CAM of Fujian Universities (Grant No. K202203), the Engineering Research Center of Smart Distribution Grid Equipment, China (Grant No. KFRC202203), the Education and Scientific Research Foundation for Young Teachers in Fujian Province, China (Grant No. JAT220032), and the Scientific Research Start-up Project of Fuzhou University, China (Grant No. XRC-22073).

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References

[1]	Kimel A V, Ivanov B A, Pisarev R V, Usachev P A, Kirilyuk A, Rasing Th 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 727 Google Scholar
[2]	Afanasiev D, Ivanov B A, Kirilyuk A, Rasing Th, Pisarev R V, Kimel A V 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 658270
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[34]	Gorodetsky G, Shaft S, Remeika J P 1981 J. Appl. Phys. 52 7353 Google Scholar
[35]	Herrmann G F 1963 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 24 597 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 TmFeO₃晶体结构及倾角反铁磁自旋构型示意图　(a)晶体结构示意图; (b)反铁磁亚晶格Fe_1-4自旋方向示意图; (c) T < 85 K, Γ₂相的自旋磁矩构型示意图, S₁和S₂表示两对合成的Fe³⁺亚晶格自旋

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of TmFeO₃ crystal’s structure and canted-antiferromagnet spin configuration: (a) Crystal’s structure diagram; (b) spin directions for the Fe_1-4 sites in the antiferromagnetic sublattice; (c) spin magnetic moment configuration schematic of Γ₂ phase at T < 85 K, S₁ and S₂ stand for two pairs of spins for synthesized Fe³⁺ sublattices.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 TmFeO₃共振模式激发规律及实验构型　(a) THz波选择性激发q-FM和q-AFM两种共振模式; (b)实验构型图, 通过旋转样品改变宏观磁化矢量M 和THz磁场分量的角度

Figure 2. Excitation rule of TmFeO₃ resonance modes and experimental geometry: (a) THz wave selectively excites the two resonance modes of q-FM and q-AFM; (b) experimental geometry, the angle between the macroscopic magnetization vector M and the THz magnetic field component is changed by rotating the sample.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 T = 1.6 K时, 沿晶体c轴施加0—7 T外磁场, TmFeO₃在不同磁场下的THz吸收光谱　(a) H_THz//b轴; (b) H_THz//a轴

Figure 3. THz absorption spectra of TmFeO₃ at T = 1.6 K under different magnetic fields applied along crystal’s c-axis from 0–7 T: (a) H_THz//b-axis; (b) H_THz//a-axis.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 1.6 K温度下TmFeO₃在沿c轴外加磁场影响下磁结构变化示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of magnetic structure change of TmFeO₃ under magnetic field applied along the crystal’s c-axis

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图 5 TmFeO₃在1.6 K共振频率随磁场变化的理论拟合　(a)图3(a)中q-FM共振频率及其理论拟合曲线; (b)图3(b)中q-AFM和q-FM共振频率及其理论拟合曲线. 图中的插图显示了太赫兹磁分量H_THz方向, 外磁场H方向, 及Γ₂相TmFeO₃在不同磁场下的简化磁结构变化示意图. 黑色虚线是根据(1)式对q-AFM共振频率的拟合; 黑色实线是根据(6)式对q-FM共振频率的拟合

Figure 5. Theoretical fittings of TmFeO₃ resonance frequency varying with magnetic field at 1.6 K: (a) The q-FM resonance frequencies in Fig. 3(a) and its theoretical fitting curve; (b) the q-AFM and q-FM resonance frequencies in Fig. 3(b) and their theoretical fitting curves. The illustrations in the figure show the terahertz magnetic component H_THz, the external magnetic field H, and simplified magnetic structure changes of Γ₂-phase TmFeO₃ under different magnetic fields. The black dashed line is the fitting of q-AFM resonance frequency according to Eq. (1); black solid line is the fitting of q-FM resonance frequency according to Eq. (6).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Kimel A V, Ivanov B A, Pisarev R V, Usachev P A, Kirilyuk A, Rasing Th 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 727 Google Scholar
[2]	Afanasiev D, Ivanov B A, Kirilyuk A, Rasing Th, Pisarev R V, Kimel A V 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 658270
[3]	Nova T F, Cartella A, Cantaluppi A, Först M, Bossini D, Mikhaylovskiy R V, Kimel A V, Merlin R, Cavalleri A 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 132 Google Scholar
[4]	White R L 1969 J. Appl. Phys. 40 1061 Google Scholar
[5]	Yamaguchi T 1974 J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 35 479 Google Scholar
[6]	Ma X X, Yuan N, Yang W T, Zhu S, Shi C F, Song H, Sun Z Q, Kang B J, Ren W, Cao S X 2022 Inorg. Chem. 61 14815 Google Scholar
[7]	Dzyaloshinsky I 1958 J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 4 241 Google Scholar
[8]	Moriya T 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 91 Google Scholar
[9]	金钻明, 阮舜逸, 李炬赓, 林贤, 任伟, 曹世勋, 马国宏, 姚建铨 2019 物理学报 68 167501 Google Scholar Jin Z M, Ruan S Y, Li J G, Lin X, Ren W, Cao S X, Ma G H, Yao J Q 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 167501 Google Scholar
[10]	Song H, Fan W C, Jia R R, Sun Z Q, Ma X X, Yang W T, Zhu S, Kang B J, Feng Z J, Cao S X 2023 Ceram. Int. 49 22038 Google Scholar
[11]	Guo J J, Cheng L, Ren Z, Zhang W J, Lin X, Jin Z M, Cao S X, Sheng Z G, Ma G H 2020 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 32 185401
[12]	Jiang J J, Song G B, Wang D Y, Jin Z M, Tian Z, Lin X, Han J G, Ma G H, Cao S X, Cheng Z X 2016 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 28 116002
[13]	Shen H, Cheng Z X, Hong F, Xu J Y, Yuan S J, Cao S X, Wang X L 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 192404 Google Scholar
[14]	Nikitin S E, Wu L S, Sefat A S, Shaykhutdinov K A, Lu Z, Meng S, Pomjakushina E V, Conder K, Ehlers G, Lumsden M D, Kolesnikov A I, Barilo S, Guretskii S A, Inosov D S, Podlesnyak A 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 064424 Google Scholar
[15]	Slawinski W, Przenioslo R, Sosnowska I, Suard E 2005 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17 4605
[16]	Kimel A V, Kirilyuk A, Usachev P A, Pisarev R V, Balbashov A M, Rasing Th 2005 Nature 435 655 Google Scholar
[17]	Chen L, Li T W, Cao S X, Yuan S J, Hong F, Zhang J C 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 103905 Google Scholar
[18]	Ramu N, Muralidharan R, Meera K, Jeong Y H 2016 RSC Adv. 6 72295 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhao W Y, Cao S X, Huang R X, Cao Y M, Xu K, Kang B J, Zhang J C, Ren W 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 104425 Google Scholar
[20]	Long H, Cao S X, Liu M, Kang Y M, Zhang B J, Jin C 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 144415 Google Scholar
[21]	任壮, 成龙, 谢尔盖·固瑞特斯基, 那泽亚·柳博奇科, 李江涛, 尚加敏, 谢尔盖·巴里洛, 武安华, 亚历山大·卡拉什尼科娃, 马宗伟, 周春, 盛志高 2020 物理学报 69 207802 Google Scholar Ren Z, Cheng L, Sergey G, Nadezhda L, Li J T, Shang J M, Sergey B, Wu A H, Aleksandra K, Ma Z W, Zhou C, Sheng Z G 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 207802 Google Scholar
[22]	Amelin K, Nagel U, Fishman R S, Yoshida Y, Sim H, Park K, Park J G, Rõõm T 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 174417 Google Scholar
[23]	Nagel U, Fishman Randy S, Katuwal T, Engelkamp H, Talbayev D, Yi H T, Cheong S W, Rõõm T 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 257201 Google Scholar
[24]	Beard M C, Turner G M, Schmuttenmaer C A 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 90 5915 Google Scholar
[25]	Kim T H, Kang C, Kee C S, Lee J H, Cho B K, Gruenberg P, Tokunaga Y, Tokura Y, Lee J S 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 233101 Google Scholar
[26]	Reid A H M, Rasing Th, Pisarev R V, Duerr H A, Hoffmann M C 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 082403 Google Scholar
[27]	Grishunin K, Huisman T, Li G Q, Mishina E, Rasing T, Kimel A V, Zhang K L, Jin Z M, Cao S X, Ma G H, Mikhaylovskiy R V 2018 ACS Photonics 5 1375 Google Scholar
[28]	Johnson C E, Prelorendjo L A, Thomas M F 1980 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 15 557
[29]	Ju X W, Hu Z Q, Huang F, Wu H B, Wang X F 2021 Opt. Express 29 9261 Google Scholar
[30]	Tsuyoshi Y, Kunirô T 1973 Phys. Rev. B 8 5187 Google Scholar
[31]	Li X W, Bamba M, Yuan N, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Xiang M L, Xu K, Jin Z M, Ren W, Ma G H, Cao S X, Turchinovich D, Kono J 2018 Science 361 794 Google Scholar
[32]	Balbashov A M, Berezin A G, Gufan Y M, Kolyadko G S, Marchukov P Y, Rudashevskii E G 1987 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 66 174
[33]	Lin X, Jiang J J, Jin Z M, Wang D Y, Tian Z, Han J G, Cheng Z X, Ma G H 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 092403 Google Scholar
[34]	Gorodetsky G, Shaft S, Remeika J P 1981 J. Appl. Phys. 52 7353 Google Scholar
[35]	Herrmann G F 1963 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 24 597 Google Scholar

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Magnetic-field-induced spin reorientation in TmFeO₃ single crystals

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Corresponding author: Huang Feng, huangf@fzu.edu.cn ; Chen Ying, chenying26@fzu.edu.cn ; Wang Xiang-Feng, xfwang@fzu.edu.cn

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Magnetic-field-induced spin reorientation in TmFeO3 single crystals

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Corresponding author: Huang Feng, huangf@fzu.edu.cn ; Chen Ying, chenying26@fzu.edu.cn ; Wang Xiang-Feng, xfwang@fzu.edu.cn

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Magnetic-field-induced spin reorientation in TmFeO₃ single crystals