S波段低磁场高效率相对论返波管振荡器研究

吴洋; 周自刚

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20182155

摘要

针对传统相对论返波管振荡器低磁场工作束波转换效率较低的问题, 本文提出并研究了一种带中间调制腔链及TM₀₂模式提取腔的相对论返波管模型: 中间调制腔链用于进一步群聚电子束, 提高电子束的基波调制深度; TM₀₂模式的提取腔用于提高返波管的Q值, 增强提取腔中的驻波电场; 漂移段用于调节电子束在调制腔链中的群聚相位和提取腔中的换能相位. 在此基础上, 设计了一个S波段高效率相对论返波管振荡器, 器件输出微波功率4.2 GW, 频率2.38 GHz, 束波转换效率达到50%, 引导磁场强度0.7 T.

关键词:

Abstract

New applications for high-power microwave (HPM) have aroused the intense interest in the development of HPM sources. The relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO), as one of the most promising HPM sources, has proved to be a competitive candidate for generating multi-gigawatt HPM at L, S, C, and X-band. But for the conventional RBWO, in order to maintain high conversion efficiency, a high enough magnetic field is required to confine the intense relativistic electron beam. Obviously, it can lead to high energy consumption and bulkiness. Therefore, to fulfill the requirements for applications, enhancing the conversion efficiency of the RBWO at low magnetic field has received much attention and has been investigated extensively.In this paper, we present a well-designed RBWO model with a cavity-chain modulator and a TM₀₂ mode extractor to enhance the conversion efficiency at a low guiding magnetic field. The operation characteristics of the device are investigated in detail in this paper. Moreover, the function of each part of the device for enhancing the conversion efficiency is confirmed by the particle-in-cell simulation. In the device, the cavity-chain modulator is introduced to strengthen the beam bunching process. The TM₀₂ extractor after the modulator increases the Q-factor of the RBWO due to its partial reflection to the outgoing microwave. The increase of the Q-factor can enhance the standing electric field in the extractor. If the phase is appropriate, the extractor can convert the kinetic beam power into the RF power efficiently. The drift tubes between the reflector, the modulator and the extractor are used to adjust the bunching phase and the conversion phase of the modulated electron beam in the RF field. Moreover, an S-band high efficiency RBWO is designed and verified by the particle-in-cell simulation. An output power of 4.2 GW at a frequency of 2.38 GHz is obtained in the simulation. And the conversion efficiency reaches 50% when the guiding magnetic field is 0.7 T.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

吴洋^1,2,
周自刚²

1.
中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所, 绵阳　621900

2.
西南科技大学理学院, 绵阳　621010

通信作者: 周自刚, zhouzigang1973@163.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11875228)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

Wu Yang^1,2,
Zhou Zi-Gang²

1.
Institute of Applied Electronics, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China

2.
College of Science, Southwestern University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

Corresponding author: Zhou Zi-Gang, zhouzigang1973@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11875228)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Benford J, Swegle J, Schamiloglu E 2007 High Power Microwaves (2nd edition) (New Mexico: CRC Press) p313
[2]	Bugaev S P, Cherepenin V A, Kanavets V I 1990 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18 525 Google Scholar
[3]	Gunin A V, Klimov A I, Korovin S D, Kurkan I K, Pegel I V, Polevin S D, Roitman A M, Rostov V V, Stepchenko A S, Totmeninov E M 1998 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26 326 Google Scholar
[4]	Friedman M, Krall J, Lau Y Y, Serlin V 1990 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 171 Google Scholar
[5]	黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄容, 罗光耀, 张北镇, 金晓, 谭杰 2010 物理学报 59 1907 Google Scholar Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Luo G Y, Zhang B Z, Jin X, Tan J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1907 Google Scholar
[6]	McCurdy A H, Armstrong C M, Bollen W M, Parker R K, Granatstein V L 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 2379 Google Scholar
[7]	黄华, 吴洋, 刘振帮, 袁欢, 何琥, 李乐乐, 李正红, 金晓, 马弘舸 2018 物理学报 67 088402 Google Scholar Huang H, Wu Y, Liu Z B, Yuan H, He H, Li L L, Li Z H, Jin X, Ma H G 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 088402 Google Scholar
[8]	Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Zhang X W, Shun J 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 053306 Google Scholar
[9]	Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Zhang X W 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 133504 Google Scholar
[10]	Zhang J, Jin Z X, Yang J H, Shu T, Zhang J D, Zhong H H 2015 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43 528 Google Scholar
[11]	Vlasov A N, Shkvarunets A G 2000 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28 550 Google Scholar
[12]	Ge X J, Zhong H H, Zhang J, Qiao B L 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 023105 Google Scholar
[13]	Li Z H, Zhou Z G, Qiu R 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 063101 Google Scholar
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[15]	Teng Y, Song W, Sun J, Xiao R Z, Song Z M 2012 Phys. Plasmas 111 043303
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[17]	Wu Y 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 073105 Google Scholar
[18]	李正红, 常安碧, 鞠炳全, 张永辉, 向飞, 赵殿林, 甘延青, 刘忠, 苏昶, 黄华 2007 物理学报 56 2603 Google Scholar Li Z H, Chang A B, Ju B Q, Zhang Y H, Xiang F, Zhao D L, Gan Y Q, Liu Z, Su C, Huang H 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 2603 Google Scholar
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[20]	Song W, Chen C H, Sun J, Zhang X W, Shao H, Song Z M, Huo S F, Shi Y C, Li X Z 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 103111 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 S波段低磁场高效率HPM振荡器模拟模型

Fig. 1. Model of the S-band high efficiency HPM oscillator with low magnetic field.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同相位Δ的调制电子束经中间腔调制后的演化规律

Fig. 2. The fundamental harmonic current distribution after the idler cavity with different phase.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 调制腔链中电流和纵向电场随时间的变化

Fig. 3. The temporal plots of the current and the longitudinal electric field in the cavity-chain modulator.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 调制电子束基波调制电流的演化规律

Fig. 4. The fundamental harmonic current distributions in three types of modulation structures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 TM₀₁和TM₀₂提取腔的传输特性

Fig. 5. The transmission characteristics of the TM₀₁ and TM₀₂ extractor.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 采用TM₀₁和TM₀₂提取腔器件的频率响应

Fig. 6. The resonant characteristics of the device with TM₀₁ and TM₀₂ extractor.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 采用TM₀₁和TM₀₂提取腔器件的纵向电场分布

Fig. 7. The longitudinal electric field distributions in the device with TM₀₁ and TM₀₂ extractor.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 器件提取腔内的纵向电场幅值沿r向的分布

Fig. 8. The longitudinal electric field distribution along radial direction in the extractor.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 器件内的纵向电场幅值及基波调制电流的分布

Fig. 9. The distributions of the amplitude of the longitudinal electric field and the fundamental harmonic current in the device.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 提取腔中电流和纵向电场随时间的变化

Fig. 10. The temporal plots of the current and the longitudinal electric field in the extractor.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 器件内的净功率流沿z向的分布

Fig. 11. The net power flux distribution in the device along axial direction.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 器件输出微波功率与提取腔半径的关系

Fig. 12. The relation between the output power and the radius of the extractor.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 电功率、微波功率和收集极功率随时间的变化

Fig. 13. The temporal plots of the beam power, RF power and the dumped power.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 器件输出功率及效率与二极管电压的关系

Fig. 14. The relations of the output power and efficiency to the diode voltage.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Benford J, Swegle J, Schamiloglu E 2007 High Power Microwaves (2nd edition) (New Mexico: CRC Press) p313
[2]	Bugaev S P, Cherepenin V A, Kanavets V I 1990 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18 525 Google Scholar
[3]	Gunin A V, Klimov A I, Korovin S D, Kurkan I K, Pegel I V, Polevin S D, Roitman A M, Rostov V V, Stepchenko A S, Totmeninov E M 1998 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26 326 Google Scholar
[4]	Friedman M, Krall J, Lau Y Y, Serlin V 1990 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 171 Google Scholar
[5]	黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄容, 罗光耀, 张北镇, 金晓, 谭杰 2010 物理学报 59 1907 Google Scholar Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Luo G Y, Zhang B Z, Jin X, Tan J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1907 Google Scholar
[6]	McCurdy A H, Armstrong C M, Bollen W M, Parker R K, Granatstein V L 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 2379 Google Scholar
[7]	黄华, 吴洋, 刘振帮, 袁欢, 何琥, 李乐乐, 李正红, 金晓, 马弘舸 2018 物理学报 67 088402 Google Scholar Huang H, Wu Y, Liu Z B, Yuan H, He H, Li L L, Li Z H, Jin X, Ma H G 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 088402 Google Scholar
[8]	Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Zhang X W, Shun J 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 105 053306 Google Scholar
[9]	Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Zhang X W 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 133504 Google Scholar
[10]	Zhang J, Jin Z X, Yang J H, Shu T, Zhang J D, Zhong H H 2015 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43 528 Google Scholar
[11]	Vlasov A N, Shkvarunets A G 2000 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 28 550 Google Scholar
[12]	Ge X J, Zhong H H, Zhang J, Qiao B L 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 023105 Google Scholar
[13]	Li Z H, Zhou Z G, Qiu R 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 063101 Google Scholar
[14]	Jin Z X, Zhang J, Yang J H, Zhong H H, Qian B L, Shu T, Zhang J D, Zhou S Y, Xu L R 2011 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82 084704 Google Scholar
[15]	Teng Y, Song W, Sun J, Xiao R Z, Song Z M 2012 Phys. Plasmas 111 043303
[16]	Wu Y, Xie H Q, Li Z H, Zhang Y J, Ma Q S 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 113102 Google Scholar
[17]	Wu Y 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 073105 Google Scholar
[18]	李正红, 常安碧, 鞠炳全, 张永辉, 向飞, 赵殿林, 甘延青, 刘忠, 苏昶, 黄华 2007 物理学报 56 2603 Google Scholar Li Z H, Chang A B, Ju B Q, Zhang Y H, Xiang F, Zhao D L, Gan Y Q, Liu Z, Su C, Huang H 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 2603 Google Scholar
[19]	Song W, Sun J, Shao H, Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Liu G Z 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 023302 Google Scholar
[20]	Song W, Chen C H, Sun J, Zhang X W, Shao H, Song Z M, Huo S F, Shi Y C, Li X Z 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 103111 Google Scholar

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S波段低磁场高效率相对论返波管振荡器研究