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The effects of oxide aperture shape whose size is small, on the mode characteristics of external cavity oxide-confined photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) is studied extensively based on the finite-difference time-domain algorithm. A new three-dimensional model of optical field in photonic crystal VCSEL is built and the influence of the variation in aperture shape on the characteristics of far-field and spectrum is pointed out. It is found that the modal characteristics of PhC-VCSEL are influenced by the shape of oxide aperture, the influence on spectrum feature is more apparent. It can be explained from the distribution of modal field by the fact that the symmetrical characteristic of prismatic oxide aperture is not identical to that of high-order mode. But the influence is less apparent while the depth of photonic crystal hole is deeper. The reason for this matter is illustrated. The results can be used to guide the fabrication of external cavity oxide-confined photonic crystal VCSELs.
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Keywords:
- photonic crystal /
- vertical cavity surface emitting lasers /
- oxide aperture /
- finite difference time domain
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[2] Tomasz C, Maciej D, Krassimir P 2007 Opt. Exp. 15 1301
[3] Song D S, Kim S H, Park H G, Kim C K, Lee Y H 2002 Appl.Phys. Lett. 80 3901
[4] Yokouchi N, Danner A J, Choquette K D 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett.82 3608
[5] Siriani D F, Tan M P, Kasten A M, Harren L A C, Leisher P O,Sulkin J D, Raftery J J, Danner A J, Giannopoulos A V, ChoquetteK D 2009 J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15 909
[6] AliasMS, Shaari S, Leisher P O, Choquette K D 2010 Appl. Phys.B: Lasers and Optics 100 453
[7] Huang J, Guo X, Qu H W, Lian P, Zhu W J, Zou D X, Shen G D2003 Semiconductor Optoelectronics 24 341 (in Chinese) [黄静, 郭霞, 渠红伟, 廉鹏, 米文军, 邹德恕, 沈光地 2003 半导体光电 24 341]
[8] Ivanov P S, Sukhoivanov I A 2000 2nd International Conferenceon Transparent Optical Networks Gdansk, Poland 213
[9] Bienstman P, Baets R, Vukusic J, Larsson A, Noble M J, BrunnerM, Gulden K, Debernardi P, Fratta L, Bava G P, Wenzel H,Benjamin K, Conradi O, Pregla R, Riyopoulos S A, Seurin J F P,Chuang S L 2001 J. Quantum Electron. 37 1618
[10] Sharizal A M, Leisher P O, Choquette K D, Choudhury P K, MitaniS M, Razman Y M, Fatah A M A 2007 Optik 120 121
[11] Czyszanowski T, Sarzata R P, Ptukasz, Dems M, Wasiak M,Nakwaski W, Panajotov K 2007 J. Quantum Electron. 43 1041
[12] Liu A J, Xing M X, Qu HW, ChenW, ZhouWJ, ZhenWH 2010Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1035 (in Chinese) [刘安金,刑名欣, 渠红伟, 陈微, 周文君, 郑婉华 2010 物理学报 59 1035]
[13] Wang B Q, Xu C, Liu Y M, Xie Y Y, Liu F, Zhao Z B, Zhou K,Shen G D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8542 (in Chinese) [王宝强, 徐晨, 刘英明, 解意洋, 刘发, 赵振波, 周康, 沈光地 2010物理学报 59 8542]
[14] Wu J, Summers H D 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 014213
[15] Guo C Z, Chen S L 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 1731 (in Chinese)[郭长志, 陈水莲 1997 物理学报 46 1731]
[16] Peng H L, Han Q, Yang X H, Niu Z C 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56863 (in Chinese) [彭红玲, 韩勤, 杨晓红, 牛智川 2007 物理学报 56 863]
[17] Xiong Z G, Li Z Y, Zhang D Z 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 3292
[18] Zhao Z M 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (Institute of Semiconductor,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing) [赵致民 2006 博士学位论文 (北京, 中国科学院半导体研究所)]
[19] Ge D B, Yan Y B 2001 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodfor Electromagnetic Waves (1St Ed.) (Xi' an: Xidian UniversityPress) p90 (in Chinese) [葛德彪 2001 电磁波时域有限差分方法 (第一版)第90页]
[20] Grabherr M, Jeger R, Michalzik R, Weigl B, Reiner G, Ebeling KJ 1997 Photon. Technol. Lett. 9 1304
[21] Liu A J, Xing M X, Qu H W, Chen W, Zhou W J, Zheng W H2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 191105
[22] Yan J X 2006 Principles and Applications of Laser Technology(1St Ed.) (Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press) p96 (inChinese) [阎吉祥 2006 激光原理技术及应用 (第一版) 第96页]
[23] Xie Y Y, Xu C, Kan Q, Wang C X, Liu Y M, Wang B Q, Chen HD, Shen G D 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 024206
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[1] Zhang W L, Pan W, Luo B, Li X F, Zou X H, Wang M Y 2007Chin. Phys. 16 1996
[2] Tomasz C, Maciej D, Krassimir P 2007 Opt. Exp. 15 1301
[3] Song D S, Kim S H, Park H G, Kim C K, Lee Y H 2002 Appl.Phys. Lett. 80 3901
[4] Yokouchi N, Danner A J, Choquette K D 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett.82 3608
[5] Siriani D F, Tan M P, Kasten A M, Harren L A C, Leisher P O,Sulkin J D, Raftery J J, Danner A J, Giannopoulos A V, ChoquetteK D 2009 J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15 909
[6] AliasMS, Shaari S, Leisher P O, Choquette K D 2010 Appl. Phys.B: Lasers and Optics 100 453
[7] Huang J, Guo X, Qu H W, Lian P, Zhu W J, Zou D X, Shen G D2003 Semiconductor Optoelectronics 24 341 (in Chinese) [黄静, 郭霞, 渠红伟, 廉鹏, 米文军, 邹德恕, 沈光地 2003 半导体光电 24 341]
[8] Ivanov P S, Sukhoivanov I A 2000 2nd International Conferenceon Transparent Optical Networks Gdansk, Poland 213
[9] Bienstman P, Baets R, Vukusic J, Larsson A, Noble M J, BrunnerM, Gulden K, Debernardi P, Fratta L, Bava G P, Wenzel H,Benjamin K, Conradi O, Pregla R, Riyopoulos S A, Seurin J F P,Chuang S L 2001 J. Quantum Electron. 37 1618
[10] Sharizal A M, Leisher P O, Choquette K D, Choudhury P K, MitaniS M, Razman Y M, Fatah A M A 2007 Optik 120 121
[11] Czyszanowski T, Sarzata R P, Ptukasz, Dems M, Wasiak M,Nakwaski W, Panajotov K 2007 J. Quantum Electron. 43 1041
[12] Liu A J, Xing M X, Qu HW, ChenW, ZhouWJ, ZhenWH 2010Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1035 (in Chinese) [刘安金,刑名欣, 渠红伟, 陈微, 周文君, 郑婉华 2010 物理学报 59 1035]
[13] Wang B Q, Xu C, Liu Y M, Xie Y Y, Liu F, Zhao Z B, Zhou K,Shen G D 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8542 (in Chinese) [王宝强, 徐晨, 刘英明, 解意洋, 刘发, 赵振波, 周康, 沈光地 2010物理学报 59 8542]
[14] Wu J, Summers H D 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 014213
[15] Guo C Z, Chen S L 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 1731 (in Chinese)[郭长志, 陈水莲 1997 物理学报 46 1731]
[16] Peng H L, Han Q, Yang X H, Niu Z C 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56863 (in Chinese) [彭红玲, 韩勤, 杨晓红, 牛智川 2007 物理学报 56 863]
[17] Xiong Z G, Li Z Y, Zhang D Z 2008 Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 3292
[18] Zhao Z M 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (Institute of Semiconductor,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing) [赵致民 2006 博士学位论文 (北京, 中国科学院半导体研究所)]
[19] Ge D B, Yan Y B 2001 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodfor Electromagnetic Waves (1St Ed.) (Xi' an: Xidian UniversityPress) p90 (in Chinese) [葛德彪 2001 电磁波时域有限差分方法 (第一版)第90页]
[20] Grabherr M, Jeger R, Michalzik R, Weigl B, Reiner G, Ebeling KJ 1997 Photon. Technol. Lett. 9 1304
[21] Liu A J, Xing M X, Qu H W, Chen W, Zhou W J, Zheng W H2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 191105
[22] Yan J X 2006 Principles and Applications of Laser Technology(1St Ed.) (Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press) p96 (inChinese) [阎吉祥 2006 激光原理技术及应用 (第一版) 第96页]
[23] Xie Y Y, Xu C, Kan Q, Wang C X, Liu Y M, Wang B Q, Chen HD, Shen G D 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 024206
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