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Polarization beam splitter (PBS) is an important device in optical system, in which the optical signal can be separated into two mutually orthogonal polarized light and transmit along different paths. It is difficult for the traditional PBS to meet the needs of the modern optical integrated systems because of its low transmission efficiency and high dependence on the incident angle. Therefore, it is necessary to design more efficient and compact PBSs. In recent years, photonic crystals have attracted more attention due to their ability to manipulate photon motion. In this paper, a photonic crystal PBS with a non-orthogonal heterojunction structure is proposed, which is based on the self-collimation effect and bandgap properties of photonic crystal. The proposed PBS structure is composed of two square lattice photonic crystals with the same lattice constant and different air hole radii in silicon (Si), in which the beam can be self-collimated and propagate without diffraction, and the polarization separation of and transverse electric (TE) mode from transverse magnetic (TM) mode is realized at the interface. The self-collimation effect can be used to control the transmission of light in order to realize the general light guiding of the waveguide, and it can greatly reduce the difficulty in manufacturing process because of no additional defects introduced. The splitting properties, transmission properties and polarization extinction ratio of the PBS are numerically simulated and analyzed by using Rsoft software combined with the plane wave expansion method and the two finite-difference time-domain method. It is shown that a high efficiency and a large separating angle for TE and TM modes in a wide frequency range 0.275-0.285(a/ ) can be achieved. The transmission efficiency is above 88% for both TE and TM modes, and the extinction ratios are more than 26.57 dB for TE mode and 17.50 dB for TM mode, respectively. This structure can be applied to the transmission system of terahertz band: a=26 m, the size is 572 m546 m, and the separation of TE mode from TM mode can be achieved in a wavelength range of 91-95 m. A PBS for optical communication system can be also designed by using the same structure: n=3.48, a=426.25 nm, and the proposed PBS is only 9.38 m8.95 m in size, which can separate these two polarization beams in a wavelength range of 1511-1579 nm. What is more, the proposed PBS based on photonic crystal is simple and easy to integrate, which has important application value in optical communication technology.
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Keywords:
- polarization beam splitter /
- photonic crystals /
- self-collimation /
- heterojunction
[1] Galan J V, Sanchis P, Garcia J, Blasco J, Martinez A, Mart J 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 2693
[2] Lee B, Jung J, Han K J, Yong W L 2003 Opt. Express 11 3359
[3] Edition S 1995 Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Princeton: Princeton University Press)
[4] Shen X P, Han K, Li H P, Shen Y F, Wang Z Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1737 (in Chinese) [沈晓鹏, 韩奎, 李海鹏, 沈义峰, 王子煜 2008 物理学报 57 1737]
[5] Sun L L, Shen Y F, Wang J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Tang G 2010 Acta Photon. Sin. 39 1795 (in Chinese) [孙露露, 沈义峰, 王娟, 周杰, 张园, 唐刚 2010 光子学报 39 1795]
[6] Guo H, Wu P, Yu T B, Liao Q H, Liu N H, Huang Y Z 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5547 (in Chinese) [郭浩, 吴评, 于天宝, 廖清华, 刘念华, 黄永箴 2010 物理学报 59 5547]
[7] Zhang X, Liao Q H, Chen S W, Hu P, Yu T B, Liu N H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104215 (in Chinese) [张旋, 廖清华, 陈淑文, 胡萍, 于天宝, 刘念华 2011 物理学报 60 104215]
[8] Zhou F, Fei H M, Chen Z H, Liu X, Yang Y B 2013 Laser Optoelectr. Prog. 50 158 (in Chinese) [周飞, 费宏明, 陈智辉, 刘欣, 杨毅彪 2013 激光与光电子学进展 50 158]
[9] Bagci F, Can S, Akaoglu B, Yilmaz A E 2014 Radioengineering 23 1033
[10] Noori M, Soroosh M, Baghban H 2017 J. Mod. Opt. 64 491
[11] Kosaka H, Kawashima T, Tomita A, Notomi M, Tamamura T, Sato T 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 1370
[12] Witzens J, Loncar M, Scherer A 2002 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 8 1246
[13] Chen C, Sharkawy A, Pustai D, Shi S, Prather D 2003 Opt. Express 11 3153
[14] Yu X F, Fan S H 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 3251
[15] Li Y Y, Gu P F, Li M Y, Zhang J L, Liu X 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2596 (in Chinese) [厉以宇, 顾培夫, 李明宇, 张锦龙, 刘旭 2006 物理学报 55 2596]
[16] Tong X, Han K, Shen X P, Wu Q H, Zhou F, Ge Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 064217 (in Chinese) [童星, 韩奎, 沈晓鹏, 吴琼华, 周菲, 葛阳 2011 物理学报 60 064217]
[17] Liao W Y, Zhang Y X, Chen W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 064209 (in Chinese) [梁文耀, 张玉霞, 陈武喝 2015 物理学报 64 064209]
[18] Johnson S G, Joannopoulos J D 2001 Opt. Express 8 173
[19] Chen H, Xu Y, He J, Hong Z 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 3626
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[1] Galan J V, Sanchis P, Garcia J, Blasco J, Martinez A, Mart J 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 2693
[2] Lee B, Jung J, Han K J, Yong W L 2003 Opt. Express 11 3359
[3] Edition S 1995 Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light (Princeton: Princeton University Press)
[4] Shen X P, Han K, Li H P, Shen Y F, Wang Z Y 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1737 (in Chinese) [沈晓鹏, 韩奎, 李海鹏, 沈义峰, 王子煜 2008 物理学报 57 1737]
[5] Sun L L, Shen Y F, Wang J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Tang G 2010 Acta Photon. Sin. 39 1795 (in Chinese) [孙露露, 沈义峰, 王娟, 周杰, 张园, 唐刚 2010 光子学报 39 1795]
[6] Guo H, Wu P, Yu T B, Liao Q H, Liu N H, Huang Y Z 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5547 (in Chinese) [郭浩, 吴评, 于天宝, 廖清华, 刘念华, 黄永箴 2010 物理学报 59 5547]
[7] Zhang X, Liao Q H, Chen S W, Hu P, Yu T B, Liu N H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104215 (in Chinese) [张旋, 廖清华, 陈淑文, 胡萍, 于天宝, 刘念华 2011 物理学报 60 104215]
[8] Zhou F, Fei H M, Chen Z H, Liu X, Yang Y B 2013 Laser Optoelectr. Prog. 50 158 (in Chinese) [周飞, 费宏明, 陈智辉, 刘欣, 杨毅彪 2013 激光与光电子学进展 50 158]
[9] Bagci F, Can S, Akaoglu B, Yilmaz A E 2014 Radioengineering 23 1033
[10] Noori M, Soroosh M, Baghban H 2017 J. Mod. Opt. 64 491
[11] Kosaka H, Kawashima T, Tomita A, Notomi M, Tamamura T, Sato T 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 1370
[12] Witzens J, Loncar M, Scherer A 2002 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 8 1246
[13] Chen C, Sharkawy A, Pustai D, Shi S, Prather D 2003 Opt. Express 11 3153
[14] Yu X F, Fan S H 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 3251
[15] Li Y Y, Gu P F, Li M Y, Zhang J L, Liu X 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2596 (in Chinese) [厉以宇, 顾培夫, 李明宇, 张锦龙, 刘旭 2006 物理学报 55 2596]
[16] Tong X, Han K, Shen X P, Wu Q H, Zhou F, Ge Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 064217 (in Chinese) [童星, 韩奎, 沈晓鹏, 吴琼华, 周菲, 葛阳 2011 物理学报 60 064217]
[17] Liao W Y, Zhang Y X, Chen W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 064209 (in Chinese) [梁文耀, 张玉霞, 陈武喝 2015 物理学报 64 064209]
[18] Johnson S G, Joannopoulos J D 2001 Opt. Express 8 173
[19] Chen H, Xu Y, He J, Hong Z 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 3626
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