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Nonlinear crystals commonly used in optical rectification for the generation of terahertz (THz) radiation have high refractive indices in the THz frequency range, and thus Fresnel reflection at the crystal-air output surface causes a large part of the generated THz wave to be reflected back into the crystals. Here we report on the design and experimental study of sub-wavelength antireflective micropyramid structures on GaP crystals. Effective medium theory is used to demonstrate the enhancement of THz output by the antireflective micropyramid structures, and further to design the antireflective structures at different frequencies. Several micropyramid structures are fabricated on the output surface of GaP crystals by micromachining, and the correlation between the THz output enhancement and the structure parameters is verified. The agreement between theory and experiment shows that our methodology is applicable to other THz emitters based on optical rectification.
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Keywords:
- THz wave /
- optical rectification /
- sub-wavelength antireflective micropyramid structures /
- micromachining
[1] Jacobsen R H, Mittleman D M, Nuss M C 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 2011
[2] Shen Y C, Lo T, Taday P F, Cole B E, Tribe W R, Kemp M C 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 241116
[3] Ikeda T, Matsushita A, Tatsuno M, Minami Y, Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Tani M, Hangyo M 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 034105
[4] Jeon T I, Grischkowsky D 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 3032
[5] Markelz A G, Roitberg A, Heilweil E J 2000 Chem. Phys. Lett. 320 42
[6] Yoneyama H, Yamashita M, Kasai S, Kawase K, Ito H, Ouchi T 2008 Opt. Commun. 281 1909
[7] Chen D P, Xing C F, Zhang Z, Zhang C L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 024202 (in Chinese) [陈大鹏, 邢春飞, 张峥, 张存林 2012 物理学报 61 024202]
[8] Li Z Y, Yao J Q, Xu D G, Zhong K, Wang J L, Bing P B 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 054207
[9] Federici J, Moeller L 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 111101
[10] Hoffmann M C, Flöp J A 2011 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44 083001
[11] Vodopyanov K L 2006 Opt. Express 14 2263
[12] Zhang T Y, Cao J C 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 1742
[13] Beck M, Schäfer H, Klatt G, Demsar J, Winnerl S, Helm M, Dekorsy T 2010 Opt. Express 18 9251
[14] Blanchard F, Razzari L, Bandulet H C, Sharma G, Morandotti R, Kieffer J C, Ozaki T, Reid M, Tiedje H F, Haugen H K, Hegmann F A 2007 Opt. Express 15 13212
[15] Stepanov A G, Bonacina L, Chekalin S V, Wolf J P 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2497
[16] Hebling J, Yeh K L, Hoffmann M C, Bartal B, Nelson K A 2008 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25 B6
[17] Gatesman A J, Waldman J, Ji M, Musante C, Yngvesson S 2000 IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett. 10 264
[18] Hosako I 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 3769
[19] Southwell W H 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8 549
[20] Brckner C, Käsebier T, Pradarutti B, Riehemann S, Notni G, Kley E B, Tnnermann A 2009 Opt. Express 17 3063
[21] Kuroo S I, Oyama S, Shiraishi K, Sasho H, Fukushima K 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 2806
[22] Escoubas L, Simon J J, Loli M, Berginc G, Flory F, Giovannini H 2003 Opt. Commun. 226 81
[23] Moharam M G, Gaylord T K 1981 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71 811
[24] Raguin D H, Morris G M 1993 Appl. Opt. 32 1154
[25] Han P, Chen Y W, Zhang X C 2010 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16 338
[26] Saleh B E A, Teich M C 2007 Fundamentals of Photonics (2nd Ed.) (New Jersey: Wiley Interscience), p246-260
[27] Fang F Z, Liu Y C 2004 J. Micromech. Microeng. 14 984
[28] Wang C L, Tian Z, Xing Q R, Gu J Q, Liu F, Hu M L, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7857 (in Chinese) [王昌雷, 田震, 邢岐荣, 谷建强, 刘丰, 胡明列, 柴路, 王清月 2010 物理学报 59 7857]
[29] Liu F, Hu X K, Li Y F, Xing Q R, Hu M L, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 040703 (in Chinese) [刘丰, 胡晓堃, 栗岩锋, 邢岐荣, 胡明列, 柴路, 王清月 2012 物理学报 61 040703]
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[1] Jacobsen R H, Mittleman D M, Nuss M C 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 2011
[2] Shen Y C, Lo T, Taday P F, Cole B E, Tribe W R, Kemp M C 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 241116
[3] Ikeda T, Matsushita A, Tatsuno M, Minami Y, Yamaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Tani M, Hangyo M 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 034105
[4] Jeon T I, Grischkowsky D 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 3032
[5] Markelz A G, Roitberg A, Heilweil E J 2000 Chem. Phys. Lett. 320 42
[6] Yoneyama H, Yamashita M, Kasai S, Kawase K, Ito H, Ouchi T 2008 Opt. Commun. 281 1909
[7] Chen D P, Xing C F, Zhang Z, Zhang C L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 024202 (in Chinese) [陈大鹏, 邢春飞, 张峥, 张存林 2012 物理学报 61 024202]
[8] Li Z Y, Yao J Q, Xu D G, Zhong K, Wang J L, Bing P B 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 054207
[9] Federici J, Moeller L 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 111101
[10] Hoffmann M C, Flöp J A 2011 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44 083001
[11] Vodopyanov K L 2006 Opt. Express 14 2263
[12] Zhang T Y, Cao J C 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 1742
[13] Beck M, Schäfer H, Klatt G, Demsar J, Winnerl S, Helm M, Dekorsy T 2010 Opt. Express 18 9251
[14] Blanchard F, Razzari L, Bandulet H C, Sharma G, Morandotti R, Kieffer J C, Ozaki T, Reid M, Tiedje H F, Haugen H K, Hegmann F A 2007 Opt. Express 15 13212
[15] Stepanov A G, Bonacina L, Chekalin S V, Wolf J P 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2497
[16] Hebling J, Yeh K L, Hoffmann M C, Bartal B, Nelson K A 2008 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25 B6
[17] Gatesman A J, Waldman J, Ji M, Musante C, Yngvesson S 2000 IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett. 10 264
[18] Hosako I 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 3769
[19] Southwell W H 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8 549
[20] Brckner C, Käsebier T, Pradarutti B, Riehemann S, Notni G, Kley E B, Tnnermann A 2009 Opt. Express 17 3063
[21] Kuroo S I, Oyama S, Shiraishi K, Sasho H, Fukushima K 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 2806
[22] Escoubas L, Simon J J, Loli M, Berginc G, Flory F, Giovannini H 2003 Opt. Commun. 226 81
[23] Moharam M G, Gaylord T K 1981 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71 811
[24] Raguin D H, Morris G M 1993 Appl. Opt. 32 1154
[25] Han P, Chen Y W, Zhang X C 2010 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16 338
[26] Saleh B E A, Teich M C 2007 Fundamentals of Photonics (2nd Ed.) (New Jersey: Wiley Interscience), p246-260
[27] Fang F Z, Liu Y C 2004 J. Micromech. Microeng. 14 984
[28] Wang C L, Tian Z, Xing Q R, Gu J Q, Liu F, Hu M L, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7857 (in Chinese) [王昌雷, 田震, 邢岐荣, 谷建强, 刘丰, 胡明列, 柴路, 王清月 2010 物理学报 59 7857]
[29] Liu F, Hu X K, Li Y F, Xing Q R, Hu M L, Chai L, Wang Q Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 040703 (in Chinese) [刘丰, 胡晓堃, 栗岩锋, 邢岐荣, 胡明列, 柴路, 王清月 2012 物理学报 61 040703]
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