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GPS radio occultation observed refractivity is a function of atmospheric temperature and humidity. One-dimensional variational (1DVAR) analysis can be used to retrieve temperature and humidity profiles simultaneously from refractivity data. Profiles derived from 1DVAR method with COSMIC 2011 data occurred in China area are compared with the collocated radiosondes. The background data are ECMWF profiles and the retrieval results show good agreement with radiosondes. The effect of non-ideal gas compressibility on temperature and humidity retrieval errors is focused on in the 1DVAR analysis. Results compared with different months data show that non-ideal gas compressibility has a systematic effect on radio occultation retrieved atmospheric profiles. Including non-ideal gas effect correction the temperature bias to radiosondes is around 0.1 K, while the specific humidity bias is 0.5%. Because radio occultation data can be assimilated into operational numerical weather prediction system without bias correction, taking into consideration non-ideal gas effect is clearly very important. In addition, including this effect in radio occultation retrieval has important impact on climate applications.
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Keywords:
- one-dimensional variation /
- GPS occultation /
- non-ideal gas effect
[1] Fjeldbo G, Sweetnam D, Brenkle J, Christensen E, Farless D, Mehta J, Seidel B 1977 Journal of Geophysical Research 82 4317
[2] Kursinski E R, Hajj G A, Schofield J T, Linfield R P, Hardy K R 1997 Journal of Geophysical Research 102 23429
[3] Gorbunov M, Schreiner W, Feng D, Herman B, Kuo Y H, Zou X 1997 Journal of Geophysical Research 102 29849
[4] Wickert J, Reigber C, Beyerle G, Konig R, Marquardt C, Schmidt T, Grunwaldt L, Galas R, Meehan T K, Melbourne W G 2001 Geophys Res. Lett. 28 3263
[5] Schreiner W, Rocken C, Sokolovskiy S, Syndergaard S, Hunt D 2007 Geophys Res. Lett. 34 L4808
[6] Luntama J, Kirchengast G, Borsche M, Foelsche U, Steiner A, Healy S, von Engeln A, O’Clerigh E, Marquardt C 2008 Bull Amer Meteor Soc. 89 1863
[7] Bi Y, Yang Z, Zhang P, Sun Y, Bai W, Du Q, Yang G, Chen J, Liao M 2012 Adv. Space Res. 1191
[8] Bi Y, Chen J, Yang G L, Liao M, Wu R H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 149301 (in Chinese) [毕研盟, 陈洁, 杨光林, 廖蜜, 吴荣华 2012 物理学报 61 149301]
[9] Guo P, Yan H J, Hong Z J, Liu M, Huang C 2005 Acta Astronomica Sin. 46 96 (in Chinese) [郭鹏, 严豪健, 洪振杰, 刘敏, 黄珹 2005 天文学报 46 96]
[10] Guo P, Yan H J, Hong Z J, Liu M, Huang C 2004 Acta Astronomica Sin. 45 330
[11] Poli P, Joiner J, Kursinski E R 2002 Journal of Geophysical Research 107 4448
[12] Palmer P I, Barnett J J, Eyre J R, Healy S B 2000 Journal of Geophysical Research 105 17513
[13] Aparicio J M, Deblonde G, Garand L, Laroche S 2009 Journal of Geophysical Research 114 D16114
[14] Cucurull L 2010 Weather Forecast 25 749
[15] Healy S B 2011 Journal of Geophysical Research 116 D1106
[16] Rodgers C D 2000 Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding (World Scientific)
[17] Smith E K, Weintraub S 1953 Proceedings of the IRE 41 1035
[18] Bevis M, Businger S, Chiswellv, Herring T A, Anthes R A, Rocken C, Ware R H 1994 J. Appl. Meteorol. 33 379
[19] Picard A, Davis R S, Glaser M, Fujii K 2008 Metrologia 45 149
[20] Thayer G D 1974 Radio Sci. 9 803
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[1] Fjeldbo G, Sweetnam D, Brenkle J, Christensen E, Farless D, Mehta J, Seidel B 1977 Journal of Geophysical Research 82 4317
[2] Kursinski E R, Hajj G A, Schofield J T, Linfield R P, Hardy K R 1997 Journal of Geophysical Research 102 23429
[3] Gorbunov M, Schreiner W, Feng D, Herman B, Kuo Y H, Zou X 1997 Journal of Geophysical Research 102 29849
[4] Wickert J, Reigber C, Beyerle G, Konig R, Marquardt C, Schmidt T, Grunwaldt L, Galas R, Meehan T K, Melbourne W G 2001 Geophys Res. Lett. 28 3263
[5] Schreiner W, Rocken C, Sokolovskiy S, Syndergaard S, Hunt D 2007 Geophys Res. Lett. 34 L4808
[6] Luntama J, Kirchengast G, Borsche M, Foelsche U, Steiner A, Healy S, von Engeln A, O’Clerigh E, Marquardt C 2008 Bull Amer Meteor Soc. 89 1863
[7] Bi Y, Yang Z, Zhang P, Sun Y, Bai W, Du Q, Yang G, Chen J, Liao M 2012 Adv. Space Res. 1191
[8] Bi Y, Chen J, Yang G L, Liao M, Wu R H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 149301 (in Chinese) [毕研盟, 陈洁, 杨光林, 廖蜜, 吴荣华 2012 物理学报 61 149301]
[9] Guo P, Yan H J, Hong Z J, Liu M, Huang C 2005 Acta Astronomica Sin. 46 96 (in Chinese) [郭鹏, 严豪健, 洪振杰, 刘敏, 黄珹 2005 天文学报 46 96]
[10] Guo P, Yan H J, Hong Z J, Liu M, Huang C 2004 Acta Astronomica Sin. 45 330
[11] Poli P, Joiner J, Kursinski E R 2002 Journal of Geophysical Research 107 4448
[12] Palmer P I, Barnett J J, Eyre J R, Healy S B 2000 Journal of Geophysical Research 105 17513
[13] Aparicio J M, Deblonde G, Garand L, Laroche S 2009 Journal of Geophysical Research 114 D16114
[14] Cucurull L 2010 Weather Forecast 25 749
[15] Healy S B 2011 Journal of Geophysical Research 116 D1106
[16] Rodgers C D 2000 Inverse methods for atmospheric sounding (World Scientific)
[17] Smith E K, Weintraub S 1953 Proceedings of the IRE 41 1035
[18] Bevis M, Businger S, Chiswellv, Herring T A, Anthes R A, Rocken C, Ware R H 1994 J. Appl. Meteorol. 33 379
[19] Picard A, Davis R S, Glaser M, Fujii K 2008 Metrologia 45 149
[20] Thayer G D 1974 Radio Sci. 9 803
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