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We report the basic theory and first horizontal results of a method called two-aperture differential scintillation method which is aimed at monitoring the vertical profile of atmospheric optical turbulence strength. The method is based on irradiance fluctuation of active light source, but can extract the optical turbulence information in the single-passage path. In this paper, the theoretical principle of two-aperture differential scintillation method is derived in detail. A concise expression is proposed for irradiance fluctuation structure function with differential aperture in the Rytov approximation under a weak fluctuation regime based on the cross-path theory. The mathematic relationship between irradiance fluctuation structure function and atmospheric optical turbulence strength is then developed. The effects of beacon aperture and beacon altitude on path weighting function of this method are analyzed for Kolmogorov turbulence. In order to test the validity of the new method, the experiments are conducted to compare the two-aperture differential scintillation method and single-aperture scintillation method in atmospheric boundary layer over 2 km horizontal single-passage path. In this arrangement, we employ a differential image motion monitor system to measure differential scintillation. Simultaneously, a large aperture scintillation instrument is placed 5 m away at the same altitude to measure the single-aperture scintillation. It is shown that the results of atmospheric refractive index structure constant deduced from the two methods are in good agreement. The measurements of atmospheric coherence length for spherical wave corresponding to the two methods indicate a linear correction factor (R2) of 0.96, in a slope of 0.98 with an offset of -0.09 cm. Feasibility and effectiveness of two-aperture differential scintillation method are thus verified experimentally. The novel method can separate single-passage scintillation information of active beacon double-passage propagation, thereby providing an accurate technique for measuring the atmospheric turbulence of active beacon.
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Keywords:
- atmospheric turbulence /
- cross-path theory /
- scintillation /
- structure function
[1] Wu W M, Ning Y, Ma Y X, Xi F J, Xu X J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 099502
[2] Tokovinin A, Bustos E, Berdja A 2010 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 404 1186
[3] Cai D M, Ti P P, Jia P, Wang D, Liu J X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 224217 (in Chinese) [蔡冬梅, 遆培培, 贾鹏, 王东, 刘建霞 2015 物理学报 64 224217]
[4] Guo Y M, Ma X Y, Rao C H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 069502 (in Chinese) [郭友明, 马晓燠, 饶长辉 2014 物理学报 63 069502]
[5] Voyez J, Robert C, Conan J M, Mugnier L M, Samain E, Ziad A 2014 Opt. Express 22 10967
[6] Wilson R W, Butterley T, Sarazin M 2009 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 399 2129
[7] Arockia Bazil Raj A, Arputha Vijaya Selvi J, Durairaj S 2015 Appl. Opt. 54 802
[8] Qian X M, Zhu W Y, Rao R Z 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 044201
[9] Vernin J, Munoz-Tunon C 1994 Astron. Astrophys. 284 311
[10] Avila R, Cuevas S 2009 Opt. Express 17 10926
[11] Butterley T, Wilson R W, Sarazin M 2006 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369 835
[12] Masciadri E, Lombardi G, Lascaux F 2014 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 438 938
[13] Ziad A, Blary F, Borgnino J, Fanteï-Caujolle Y, Aristidi E, Martin F, Lantéri H, Douet R, Bondoux E, Mékarnia D 2013 Astron. Astrophys. 559 L6
[14] Jing X, Hou Z H, Wu Y, Qin L A, He F, Tan F F 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 3445
[15] Gimmestad G, Roberts D, Stewart J, Wood J 2012 Opt. Eng. 51 101713
[16] Belen'kii M S, Gimmestad G G 1994 Proc. SPIE. 2222 628
[17] Cui C L, Huang H H, Mei H P, Zhu W Y, Rao R Z 2013 High Power Laser Part Beams 25 1091 (in Chinese) [崔朝龙, 黄宏华, 梅海平, 朱文越, 饶瑞中 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 1091]
[18] Beland R R, Krause-Polstorff J 1991 Lidar Measurement of Optical Turbulence: Theory of the Crossed Path Technique (Phillips Lab Hanscom Afb Ma) Technical report No. PL-TR-91-2139
[19] Wang T, Clifford S F, Ochs G R 1974 Appl. Opt. 13 2602
[20] Vetelino F S, Young C, Andrews L, Recolons J 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 2099
[21] Jing X, Hou Z H, Qin L A, He F, Wu Y 2011 Infrared Laser Eng. 40 1352 (in Chinese) [靖旭, 侯再红, 秦来安, 何峰, 吴毅 2011 红外与激光工程 40 1352]
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[1] Wu W M, Ning Y, Ma Y X, Xi F J, Xu X J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 099502
[2] Tokovinin A, Bustos E, Berdja A 2010 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 404 1186
[3] Cai D M, Ti P P, Jia P, Wang D, Liu J X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 224217 (in Chinese) [蔡冬梅, 遆培培, 贾鹏, 王东, 刘建霞 2015 物理学报 64 224217]
[4] Guo Y M, Ma X Y, Rao C H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 069502 (in Chinese) [郭友明, 马晓燠, 饶长辉 2014 物理学报 63 069502]
[5] Voyez J, Robert C, Conan J M, Mugnier L M, Samain E, Ziad A 2014 Opt. Express 22 10967
[6] Wilson R W, Butterley T, Sarazin M 2009 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 399 2129
[7] Arockia Bazil Raj A, Arputha Vijaya Selvi J, Durairaj S 2015 Appl. Opt. 54 802
[8] Qian X M, Zhu W Y, Rao R Z 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 044201
[9] Vernin J, Munoz-Tunon C 1994 Astron. Astrophys. 284 311
[10] Avila R, Cuevas S 2009 Opt. Express 17 10926
[11] Butterley T, Wilson R W, Sarazin M 2006 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 369 835
[12] Masciadri E, Lombardi G, Lascaux F 2014 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 438 938
[13] Ziad A, Blary F, Borgnino J, Fanteï-Caujolle Y, Aristidi E, Martin F, Lantéri H, Douet R, Bondoux E, Mékarnia D 2013 Astron. Astrophys. 559 L6
[14] Jing X, Hou Z H, Wu Y, Qin L A, He F, Tan F F 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 3445
[15] Gimmestad G, Roberts D, Stewart J, Wood J 2012 Opt. Eng. 51 101713
[16] Belen'kii M S, Gimmestad G G 1994 Proc. SPIE. 2222 628
[17] Cui C L, Huang H H, Mei H P, Zhu W Y, Rao R Z 2013 High Power Laser Part Beams 25 1091 (in Chinese) [崔朝龙, 黄宏华, 梅海平, 朱文越, 饶瑞中 2013 强激光与粒子束 25 1091]
[18] Beland R R, Krause-Polstorff J 1991 Lidar Measurement of Optical Turbulence: Theory of the Crossed Path Technique (Phillips Lab Hanscom Afb Ma) Technical report No. PL-TR-91-2139
[19] Wang T, Clifford S F, Ochs G R 1974 Appl. Opt. 13 2602
[20] Vetelino F S, Young C, Andrews L, Recolons J 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 2099
[21] Jing X, Hou Z H, Qin L A, He F, Wu Y 2011 Infrared Laser Eng. 40 1352 (in Chinese) [靖旭, 侯再红, 秦来安, 何峰, 吴毅 2011 红外与激光工程 40 1352]
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