Birefringence effect of high reflectivity cavity mirrors and its influence on cavity enhanced spectroscopy

Liu Jian-Xin; Zhao Gang; Zhou Yue-Ting; Zhou Xiao-Bin; Ma Wei-Guang

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20212090

Abstract

In laser absorption spectroscopy, in order to improve gas detection sensitivity, optical cavity with high finesse is used to prolong the interaction path between the laser and the absorber. However, the birefringence of high reflectivity cavity mirrors generates two polarization eigenstates, and owing to the different phase shifts along the two directions, the cavity mode will be split. In this work, we first measure the cavity enhanced signal under birefringence and observe the mode split. And a model to mimic cavity enhanced spectroscopy under birefringent effect is presented, which can accurately fit the different polarization ratios at transmission. Finally, we propose a cavity ring-down signal model considering different coupling efficiencies of the two polarization directions of the cavity. Comparing with the conventional exponential model, the standard deviation of residual maximum suppression is as high as 9 times. And this analysis is helpful in improving the signal-to-noise ratio and uncertainty of cavity ring-down signal and increasing the accuracy of concentration inversion.

Keywords:

PACS:

07.05.Tp	(Computer modeling and simulation)
41.20.Gz	(Magnetostatics; magnetic shielding, magnetic induction, boundary-value problems)
41.90.+e	(Other topics in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics)

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Corresponding author: Zhao Gang, gangzhao@sxu.edu.cn ; Ma Wei-Guang, mwg@sxu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0304203), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61875107, 61905136, 61905134, 62175139), and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2019L0062).

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References

[1]	Strekalov D V, Thompson R J, Baumgartel L M, Grudinin I S, Yu N 2011 Opt. Express 19 14495 Google Scholar
[2]	Kessler T, Hagemann C, Grebing C, Legero T, Sterr U, Riehle F, Martin M J, Chen L, Ye J 2012 Nature. Photon. 6 687 Google Scholar
[3]	Jordan B C, William K, Martin M F, Eric G 2001 Appl. Opt. 40 3753 Google Scholar
[4]	Ishibashi C, Sasada H 1999 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38 920 Google Scholar
[5]	Robert C 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 5408 Google Scholar
[6]	Herriott D, Kogelnik H, Kompfner R 1964 Appl. Opt. 3 523 Google Scholar
[7]	Liu J, Zhou Y, Guo S, Hou J, Zhao G, Ma W, Wu Y, Dong L, Zhang L, Yin W, Xiao L, Axner O, Jia S 2019 Opt Express. 27 1249 Google Scholar
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[9]	赵卫雄, 高晓明, 张为俊, 黄腾 2006 光学学报 26 1260 Google Scholar Zhao W X, Gao X M, Zhang W J, Huang T 2006 Acta Opt. Sin. 26 1260 Google Scholar
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[13]	胡纯栋, 焉镜洋, 王艳, 梁立振 2018 光谱学与光谱分析 38 346 Hu C D, Y J Y, W Y, Liang L Z 2018 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 38 346
[14]	Li Z X, Ma W G, Fu X F, Tan W, Zhao G, Dong L, Zhang L, Yin W B, Jia S T 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 072402 Google Scholar
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[16]	Zhao G, Hausmaninger T, Ma W, Axner O 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 715 Google Scholar
[17]	肖石磊, 李斌成 2020 光电工程 47 190068 Xiao S L, Li B C 2020 Opto-Electronic Engineering 47 190068
[18]	Winkler G, Perner L W, Truong G W, Zhao G, Bachmann D, Mayer A S, Fellinger J, Follman D, Heu P, Deutsch C, Bailey D M, Peelaers H, Puchegger S, Fleisher A J, Cole G D, Heckl O H 2021 Optica 8 686 Google Scholar
[19]	Xiao S, Li B, Wang J 2020 Appl. Opt. 59 A99 Google Scholar
[20]	付小芳, 赵刚, 马维光, 谭巍, 李志新, 董磊, 张雷, 尹王保, 贾锁堂 2014 光谱学与光谱分析 34 1456 Google Scholar Fu X F, Zhao G, Ma W G, Tan W, Li Z X, Dong L, Zhang L, Yin W B, Jia S T 2014 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 34 1456 Google Scholar
[21]	Huang H F, Lehmann K K 2008 Appl. Opt. 47 3817 Google Scholar
[22]	Fleisher A J, Long D A, Liu Q N, Hodges J T 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 013833 Google Scholar

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其他类型引用(16)

图 1 实验装置

Figure 1. Experimental setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 测量的透射腔模信号

Figure 2. Measured cavity transmission signal.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 双折射导致的频率间隔与腔内气压的函数关系

Figure 3. The frequency splitting of birefringence as a function of intracavity pressure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 拟合不同偏振分量的透射腔模

Figure 4. Fitting transmission cavity modes with different polarization components.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 实际测量的腔衰荡信号(黑点)和单e指数拟合结果(a)及拟合残差(c)和NEM模型拟合结果(b)及拟合残差(d)

Figure 5. The measured cavity ring-down signal (black spot) and the single-exponential fitting result (a); the residual of the single-exponential fitting result (c); NEM fitting result (b) and the residual(d), respectively.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 两种模型拟合不同偏振角度下的腔衰荡

Figure 6. Ftting the cavity ring-down time by two models at different polarization angles.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Strekalov D V, Thompson R J, Baumgartel L M, Grudinin I S, Yu N 2011 Opt. Express 19 14495 Google Scholar
[2]	Kessler T, Hagemann C, Grebing C, Legero T, Sterr U, Riehle F, Martin M J, Chen L, Ye J 2012 Nature. Photon. 6 687 Google Scholar
[3]	Jordan B C, William K, Martin M F, Eric G 2001 Appl. Opt. 40 3753 Google Scholar
[4]	Ishibashi C, Sasada H 1999 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38 920 Google Scholar
[5]	Robert C 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 5408 Google Scholar
[6]	Herriott D, Kogelnik H, Kompfner R 1964 Appl. Opt. 3 523 Google Scholar
[7]	Liu J, Zhou Y, Guo S, Hou J, Zhao G, Ma W, Wu Y, Dong L, Zhang L, Yin W, Xiao L, Axner O, Jia S 2019 Opt Express. 27 1249 Google Scholar
[8]	Livio G, Richard F W, Leo H 1999 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16 2247 Google Scholar
[9]	赵卫雄, 高晓明, 张为俊, 黄腾 2006 光学学报 26 1260 Google Scholar Zhao W X, Gao X M, Zhang W J, Huang T 2006 Acta Opt. Sin. 26 1260 Google Scholar
[10]	董美丽, 赵卫雄, 程跃, 胡长进, 顾学军, 张为俊 2012 物理学报 61 060702 Google Scholar Dong M L, Zhao W X, Cheng Y, Hu C J, Gu X J, Zhang W J 2012 Acta. Phys. Sin. 61 060702 Google Scholar
[11]	Zalicki P, Zare R N 1995 J. Chem. Phys. 102 2708 Google Scholar
[12]	Zhao G, Bailey D M, Fleisher A J, Hodges J T, Lehmann K K 2020 Phys. Rev. A 101 062509 Google Scholar
[13]	胡纯栋, 焉镜洋, 王艳, 梁立振 2018 光谱学与光谱分析 38 346 Hu C D, Y J Y, W Y, Liang L Z 2018 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 38 346
[14]	Li Z X, Ma W G, Fu X F, Tan W, Zhao G, Dong L, Zhang L, Yin W B, Jia S T 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 072402 Google Scholar
[15]	Ye J, Ma L S, Hall J 1996 Opt. Lett. 21 1000 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhao G, Hausmaninger T, Ma W, Axner O 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 715 Google Scholar
[17]	肖石磊, 李斌成 2020 光电工程 47 190068 Xiao S L, Li B C 2020 Opto-Electronic Engineering 47 190068
[18]	Winkler G, Perner L W, Truong G W, Zhao G, Bachmann D, Mayer A S, Fellinger J, Follman D, Heu P, Deutsch C, Bailey D M, Peelaers H, Puchegger S, Fleisher A J, Cole G D, Heckl O H 2021 Optica 8 686 Google Scholar
[19]	Xiao S, Li B, Wang J 2020 Appl. Opt. 59 A99 Google Scholar
[20]	付小芳, 赵刚, 马维光, 谭巍, 李志新, 董磊, 张雷, 尹王保, 贾锁堂 2014 光谱学与光谱分析 34 1456 Google Scholar Fu X F, Zhao G, Ma W G, Tan W, Li Z X, Dong L, Zhang L, Yin W B, Jia S T 2014 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 34 1456 Google Scholar
[21]	Huang H F, Lehmann K K 2008 Appl. Opt. 47 3817 Google Scholar
[22]	Fleisher A J, Long D A, Liu Q N, Hodges J T 2016 Phys. Rev. A 93 013833 Google Scholar

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1.	田立良，池浩，党杰. 一种优化服务器电磁辐射性能的自动展频方法. 信息技术与信息化. 2023(05): 136-139 . 百度学术
2.	孙会琴，王思飞，田铮. 孔阵腔体屏蔽效能BLT方程修正与拓展分析. 电光与控制. 2023(07): 100-105 . 百度学术
3.	张晗，李常贤. 高频有损斜开孔腔体屏蔽效能研究. 微波学报. 2023(06): 12-17+34 . 百度学术
4.	胡小龙，李常贤. 高速列车屏蔽线转移阻抗与屏蔽效能研究. 电子测量技术. 2022(05): 80-85 . 百度学术
5.	张岩，田铮，王川川，杨清熙，王思飞. 双层腔体屏蔽效能随孔缝位置与数量变化规律研究. 电工技术学报. 2022(13): 3350-3360 . 百度学术
6.	于海波，张茂强，张晓波，虞晓阳，熊杰，刘彬. 高集成电力电子设备外壳屏蔽效能评估. 安全与电磁兼容. 2021(01): 69-72+79 . 百度学术
7.	公延飞，陈星彤，高超飞，孙剑. 一种快速预测有损腔体屏蔽效能和谐振模式的解析模型. 电工技术学报. 2021(08): 1569-1578 . 百度学术
8.	叶志红，张杰，周健健，苟丹. 有耗介质层上多导体传输线的电磁耦合时域分析方法. 物理学报. 2020(06): 47-54 . 百度学术
9.	马振洋，左晶，史春蕾，冯嘉诚，刘旭红. 机载电子设备屏蔽效能测试与优化. 航空学报. 2020(07): 226-233 . 百度学术
10.	王金田，刘雪明，商宝莹，李志勇，穆晓彤. 一种计算任意形状孔缝平均电极化率密度的方法. 电子测量技术. 2019(03): 31-34 . 百度学术
11.	王殿海，石成英，蔡星会，易昭湘. 有内置薄板腔体的HEMP屏蔽效能研究. 微波学报. 2019(01): 87-90 . 百度学术
12.	白婉欣，李天乐，郭安琪，成睿琦，焦重庆. 平面波照射下无限大导体板上周期孔阵屏蔽效能的解析研究. 物理学报. 2019(10): 64-72 . 百度学术
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