基于波长调制-直接吸收光谱方法的CO分子1567 nm处谱线参数高精度标定

王振; 杜艳君; 丁艳军; 彭志敏

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20191865

摘要

直接吸收光谱(DAS)可直接测量分子吸收率函数, 并通过拟合吸收率函数确定待测气体参数. 波长调制-直接吸收光谱(WM-DAS)在DAS基础上, 结合了波长调制光谱(WMS)中谐波分析思想, 利用傅里叶变换复现吸收率函数, 可有效提高吸收率函数的测量精度. 本文利用WM-DAS方法结合长光程气体吸收池, 在室温低压条件下, 对CO分子1567 nm处R5—R11近红外弱吸收谱线吸收率函数进行了精确复现, 其拟合残差标准差低至3 × 10^–5, 随后根据测得的吸收率函数对谱线的碰撞展宽、Dicke收敛以及速度依赖的碰撞展宽系数等光谱参数进行了高精度标定, 并将其与高灵敏度的连续波腔衰荡光谱(CW-CRDS)测量结果进行了比较, 实验结果表明该方法与CW-CRDS测量结果具有高度一致性, 更具有系统简单、测量速度快、对环境要求低等优点.

关键词:

Abstract

Direct absorption spectrum (DAS) can be used to measure the molecular absorptivity function and determine the spectral parameters of the gas by fitting the measured absorptivity function. Wavelength modulation-direct absorption spectroscopy (WM-DAS) is based on DAS and combines with the idea of harmonic analysis in wavelength modulation spectrum (WMS). The measurement accuracy of absorptivity function can be effectively improved by using Fourier transform. In this paper, the absorptivity function of CO R5–R11 near infrared weak absorption line at 1567 nm is accurately reproduced by using the WM-DAS method combined with long optical path gas absorption cell at room temperature and low pressure. The standard deviation of the fitting residual reaches 3 × 10^–5, and then the spectral parameters such as collision broadening, Dicke narrowing and speed-dependent collision broadening coefficients are measured in high precision. These parameters are compared with the results from the high sensitivity continuous wave cavity ring down spectroscopy (CW-CRDS). The experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the absorptivity function measured by CW-CRDS is about 2.5 times that of the long-path WM-DAS, and the measured spectral parameters are highly consistent. The relative errors of the collision broadening coefficients obtained by using the Voigt profiles of the two methods are less than 1%. At the same time, the detection limit of CO at 1567 nm based on the WM-DAS method is about 80 ppb, and the corresponding absorption coefficient is 2 × 10^–10 cm^–1, which is slightly higher than that from the CW-CRDS method. However, the WM-DAS method has the advantages of fast measurement speed, simple system and low cost, and is expected to provide a new method of measuring the weak absorption lines.

Keywords:

wavelength modulation-direct absorption spectroscopy /
cavity ring down spectroscopy /
absorptivity function /
collision broadening coefficient /
Dicke narrowing coefficient

作者及机构信息

清华大学能源与动力工程系, 电力系统与发电设备控制与仿真国家重点实验室, 北京　100084

通信作者: 彭志敏, apspect@tsinghua.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家级-国家重点研发项目(2016YFC0201104)

Authors and contacts

State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Corresponding author: Peng Zhi-Min, apspect@tsinghua.edu.cn

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Devi V M, Benner D C, Smith M A H, Mantz A W, Sung K, Brown L R, Predoi-Cross A 2012 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 113 1013 Google Scholar
[2]	Campargue A, Karlovets E V, Kassi S 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 154 113 Google Scholar
[3]	Brandstetter M, Genner A, Schwarzer C, Mujagic E, Strasser G, Lendl B 2014 Opt. Express 22 2656 Google Scholar
[4]	Meek A S, Poisson A, Guelachvili G, Hansch W T, Picqué N 2014 Appl. Phys. B 114 573 Google Scholar
[5]	Adámek P, Olejníček J, Čada M, Kment Š, Hubička Z 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 2428 Google Scholar
[6]	Goldenstein C S, Spearrin R M, Jeffries J B, Hanson R K 2017 Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60 132 Google Scholar
[7]	Witzel O, Klein A, Meffert C, Schulz C, Kaiser S A, Ebert V 2015 Proc. Combust. Inst. 35 3653 Google Scholar
[8]	Peng Z M, Du Y J, Ding Y J 2020 Sensors 20 616 Google Scholar
[9]	McManus J B, Zahniser M S, Nelson D D, Shorter J H, Herndon S C, Jervis D, Agnese M, McGovern R, Yacovitch T I, Roscioli J R 2015 Appl. Phys. B 119 203 Google Scholar
[10]	He D, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2019 Combust. Flame 207 222 Google Scholar
[11]	Pogány A, Klein A, Ebert V 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 165 108 Google Scholar
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[14]	Engel G S, Moyer E J 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 704 Google Scholar
[15]	Dahlen D, Wilcox R, Leemans W 2017 Appl. Opt. 52 267 Google Scholar
[16]	Tarsitano C G, Webster C R 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 6923 Google Scholar
[17]	McManus J B, Zahniser M S, Nelson D D, Shorter J H, Herndon S, Wood E 2010 Opt. Eng. 49 111124 Google Scholar
[18]	Regalia L, Oudot C, Thomas X, Von der Heyden P, Decatoire D 2010 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 111 826 Google Scholar
[19]	Nahar N K, Rojas R G 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 3921 Google Scholar
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[21]	Zhao W, Gao X, Chen W, Zhang W, Huang T, Wu T, Cha H 2007 Appl. Phys. B 86 353 Google Scholar
[22]	Zheng K Y, Zheng C T, He Q X, Yao D, Hu L, Zhang Y, Wang Y D, Tittel F K 2018 Opt. Express 26 26205 Google Scholar
[23]	李志彬, 马洪亮, 曹政松, 孙明国, 黄印博, 朱文越, 刘强 2016 物理学报 65 053301 Google Scholar Li Z B, Ma H L, Cao Z S, Sun M G, Huang Y B, Zhu W Y, Liu Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 053301 Google Scholar
[24]	Mazurenka M, Wada R, Shillings A J L, Butler T J A, Beames J M, Orr-Ewing A J 2005 Appl. Phys. B 81 135 Google Scholar
[25]	Morville J, Romanini D, Kachanov A A, Chenevier M 2004 Appl. Phys. B 78 465 Google Scholar
[26]	Long D A, Fleisher A J, Liu Q, Hodges J T 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 1612 Google Scholar
[27]	Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2018 Opt. Express 26 9263 Google Scholar
[28]	Li J D, Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2019 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 224 197 Google Scholar
[29]	Peng Z M, Du Y J, Ding Y J 2020 Sensors 20 681 Google Scholar
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[31]	Kassi S, Karlovets E V, Tashkun S A, Perevalov V I, Campargue A 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 187 414 Google Scholar
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[33]	Schreier F 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 187 44 Google Scholar
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[37]	Allan D W 1966 Proc. IEEE 54 221 Google Scholar
[38]	Mondelain D, Sala T, Kassi S, Romanini D, Marangoni M, Campargue A 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 154 35 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 WM-DAS与CW-CRDS的系统原理图(LC, 激光电流和温度控制器; FI, 光纤隔离器; AOM, 声光调制器; APD, 雪崩光电二极管; PD, 光电二极管; DDG, 数字延迟发生器; PZT, 压电换能器; WM, 波长计)

Fig. 1. System schematic diagram of WM-DAS and CW-CRDS. LC, laser current and temperature controller; FI, fiber isolator; AOM, acousto-optic modulator; APD, avalanche photodiode; PD, photodiode; DDG, digital delay generator; PZT, piezoelectric transducer; WM, wavelength meter.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 测量的100个正弦波周期的激光光强及激光相对波长标定结果(FSR为自由光谱范围), 以及蕴含气体吸收率函数信息的透射光强傅里叶变换(FFT)系数

Fig. 2. Measured transmitted intensities of 100 periods of sinusoidal waves and fitted frequency (FSR, free spectral range), and fast Fourier transform (FFT) coefficients A_k and B_k of transmitted light intensity.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 测量的CO光谱及其最佳Voigt和Rautian线型拟合结果(X_CO, c, τ和σ_SD分别为CO浓度、光速、衰荡时间和残差的标准差) (a) WM-DAS; (b) CW-CRDS

Fig. 3. Measured absorption function of CO and the best fits of Voigt and Rautian profile (X_CO, c, τ, and σ_SD represent the CO concentration, light velocity, ring down time and standard deviation of the residual, respectively): (a) WM-DAS; (b) CW-CRDS.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同压力下测得的光谱参数(WM-DAS为红色, CW-CRDS为黑色) (a) γ_c (圆); (b) β (正方形), γ₂ (三角)

Fig. 4. Measured spectral parameters for various pressures (WM-DAS (red), CW-CRDS (black)): (a) γ_c (dot); (b) β (square), γ₂ (triangle).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 两种方法测量的Allan方差

Fig. 5. Allan variance measured by the two methods.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 WM-DAS和CW-CRDS测量的光谱参数及其不确定度

Table 1. Measured spectroscopic parameters and uncertainties.

v₀/cm^–1	Transition	E′′/cm^–1	ϕ	γ₀(T₀)/10^–2 cm^–1·atm^–1			β₀(T₀)/10^–2 cm^–1·atm^–1		γ₂(T₀)/10^–2 cm^–1·atm^–1
v₀/cm^–1	Transition	E′′/cm^–1	ϕ	CRDS	WM	HT	CRDS	WM	CRDS	WM
6371.299	R5	57.670	VP	6.26^b	6.23^b	6.29^a	—	—	—	—
			GP	6.43^b	6.48^b		2.84^c	2.90^d	—	—
			RP	6.47^b	6.50^b		2.57^c	2.67^d	—	—
			SDVP	6.50^b	6.55^b		—	—	0.87^c	0.77^d
6374.406	R6	80.735	VP	6.10^b	6.08^b	6.12^a	—	—	—	—
			GP	6.20^b	6.30^b		2.65^c	2.71^d	—	—
			RP	6.25^b	6.30^b		2.38^c	2.46^d	—	—
			SDVP	6.26^b	6.36^b		—	—	0.69^c	0.73^d
6377.407	R7	107.642	VP	5.97^b	5.94^b	5.99^a	—	—	—	—
			GP	6.07^b	6.12^b		2.22^c	2.48^d	—	—
			RP	6.10^b	6.17^b		2.06^c	2.36^d	—	—
			SDVP	6.25^b	6.24^b		—	—	0.71^c	0.71^d
6380.301	R8	138.390	VP	5.89^b	5.88^b	5.89^a	—	—	—	—
			GP	6.04^b	6.02^b		2.20^c	2.27^d	—	—
			RP	6.06^b	6.09^b		2.14^c	2.14^d	—	—
			SDVP	6.11^b	6.15^b		—	—	0.70^c	0.64^d
6383.090	R9	172.978	VP	5.80^b	5.78^b	5.80^a	—	—	—	—
			GP	5.91^b	6.03^b		2.08^c	2.11^d	—	—
			RP	5.94^b	6.03^b		1.89^c	1.85^d	—	—
			SDVP	5.97^b	6.09^b		—	—	0.61^c	0.63^d
6385.771	R10	211.404	VP	5.72^b	5.68^b	5.73^a	—	—	—	—
			GP	5.91^b	5.89^b		2.27^c	2.29^d	—	—
			RP	5.92^b	5.91^b		1.98^c	1.86^d	—	—
			SDVP	5.98^b	5.96^b		—	—	0.62^c	0.65^d
6388.347	R11	253.667	VP	5.62^b	5.58^b	5.67^a	—	—	—	—
			GP	5.91^b	5.80^b		2.62^c	2.21^d	—	—
			RP	5.93^b	5.82^b		2.15^c	2.00^d	—	—
			SDVP	5.95^b	5.89^b		—	—	0.77^c	0.67^d
注: WM代表WM-DAS, HT表示HITRAN^[36];^a表示相同温度(T₀ = 288 K)下HITRAN的数据, 空气为背景气;^b不确定度 0—1%;^c不确定度 5%—15%;^d不确定度 10%—20%.

下载: 导出CSV

[1]	Devi V M, Benner D C, Smith M A H, Mantz A W, Sung K, Brown L R, Predoi-Cross A 2012 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 113 1013 Google Scholar
[2]	Campargue A, Karlovets E V, Kassi S 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 154 113 Google Scholar
[3]	Brandstetter M, Genner A, Schwarzer C, Mujagic E, Strasser G, Lendl B 2014 Opt. Express 22 2656 Google Scholar
[4]	Meek A S, Poisson A, Guelachvili G, Hansch W T, Picqué N 2014 Appl. Phys. B 114 573 Google Scholar
[5]	Adámek P, Olejníček J, Čada M, Kment Š, Hubička Z 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 2428 Google Scholar
[6]	Goldenstein C S, Spearrin R M, Jeffries J B, Hanson R K 2017 Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 60 132 Google Scholar
[7]	Witzel O, Klein A, Meffert C, Schulz C, Kaiser S A, Ebert V 2015 Proc. Combust. Inst. 35 3653 Google Scholar
[8]	Peng Z M, Du Y J, Ding Y J 2020 Sensors 20 616 Google Scholar
[9]	McManus J B, Zahniser M S, Nelson D D, Shorter J H, Herndon S C, Jervis D, Agnese M, McGovern R, Yacovitch T I, Roscioli J R 2015 Appl. Phys. B 119 203 Google Scholar
[10]	He D, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2019 Combust. Flame 207 222 Google Scholar
[11]	Pogány A, Klein A, Ebert V 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 165 108 Google Scholar
[12]	Witzel O, Klein A, Meffert C, Wagner S, Kaiser S, Schulz C, Ebert V 2013 Opt. Express 21 19951 Google Scholar
[13]	Hanson R K 2011 Proc. Combust. Inst. 33 1 Google Scholar
[14]	Engel G S, Moyer E J 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 704 Google Scholar
[15]	Dahlen D, Wilcox R, Leemans W 2017 Appl. Opt. 52 267 Google Scholar
[16]	Tarsitano C G, Webster C R 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 6923 Google Scholar
[17]	McManus J B, Zahniser M S, Nelson D D, Shorter J H, Herndon S, Wood E 2010 Opt. Eng. 49 111124 Google Scholar
[18]	Regalia L, Oudot C, Thomas X, Von der Heyden P, Decatoire D 2010 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 111 826 Google Scholar
[19]	Nahar N K, Rojas R G 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 3921 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhao G, Tan W, Jia M Y, Hou J J, Ma W G, Dong L, Zhang L, Feng X X, Wu X C, Yin W B, Xiao L T, Axner O, Jia S T 2016 Sensors 16 1544 Google Scholar
[21]	Zhao W, Gao X, Chen W, Zhang W, Huang T, Wu T, Cha H 2007 Appl. Phys. B 86 353 Google Scholar
[22]	Zheng K Y, Zheng C T, He Q X, Yao D, Hu L, Zhang Y, Wang Y D, Tittel F K 2018 Opt. Express 26 26205 Google Scholar
[23]	李志彬, 马洪亮, 曹政松, 孙明国, 黄印博, 朱文越, 刘强 2016 物理学报 65 053301 Google Scholar Li Z B, Ma H L, Cao Z S, Sun M G, Huang Y B, Zhu W Y, Liu Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 053301 Google Scholar
[24]	Mazurenka M, Wada R, Shillings A J L, Butler T J A, Beames J M, Orr-Ewing A J 2005 Appl. Phys. B 81 135 Google Scholar
[25]	Morville J, Romanini D, Kachanov A A, Chenevier M 2004 Appl. Phys. B 78 465 Google Scholar
[26]	Long D A, Fleisher A J, Liu Q, Hodges J T 2016 Opt. Lett. 41 1612 Google Scholar
[27]	Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2018 Opt. Express 26 9263 Google Scholar
[28]	Li J D, Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2019 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 224 197 Google Scholar
[29]	Peng Z M, Du Y J, Ding Y J 2020 Sensors 20 681 Google Scholar
[30]	Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2020 Opt. Express 28 3482 Google Scholar
[31]	Kassi S, Karlovets E V, Tashkun S A, Perevalov V I, Campargue A 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 187 414 Google Scholar
[32]	Goldenstein C S, Hanson R K 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 152 127 Google Scholar
[33]	Schreier F 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 187 44 Google Scholar
[34]	Du Y J, Peng Z M, Ding Y J 2018 Opt. Express 26 29550 Google Scholar
[35]	Kowzan G, Stec K, Zaborowski M, Wójtewicz S, Cygan A, Lisak D, Masłowski P, Trawiński R S 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 191 46 Google Scholar
[36]	Gordon I E, Rothman L S, Hill C, et al. 2017 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 203 3 Google Scholar
[37]	Allan D W 1966 Proc. IEEE 54 221 Google Scholar
[38]	Mondelain D, Sala T, Kassi S, Romanini D, Marangoni M, Campargue A 2015 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 154 35 Google Scholar

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