All-optical manipulation of two-way multi-channel based on optical nonreciprocity

Li Xin; Xie Shu-Yun; Li Lin-Fan; Zhou Hai-Tao; Wang Dan; Yang Bao-Dong

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20220506

Abstract

Owing to the potential applications in all-optical quantum information processing and quantum optical networks, magnet-free optical non-reciprocity transmission has attracted great interest and has been studied in many fields, such as parity-time-symmetry enhanced nonlinearity, optomechanical systems, photonic crystal, cold atomic Bragg lattices, chiral quantum optics, and hot atoms. In particular, the random thermal motion of hot atoms can be a useful resource to realize optical non-reciprocity. Here in this work, based on the susceptibility-momentum-locking of atomic thermal motion and the strong coupling characteristics of cavities, a magnetic-free optical reciprocity-nonreciprocity transmission conversion scheme is designed and realized through the atom-cavity compound system. Theoretical and experimental analysis show that the coupling field conditions determine the nonreciprocity of the system. Under the action of single traveling-wave field, the nonreciprocity in hot atoms depends on the propagation direction of the coupling field due to the Doppler effect. Therefore, by changing the opening and closing of the opposite coupling field, the two-way single channel optical nonreciprocal transmission based on intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency can be controlled. When the two coupling fields propagate simultaneously in the opposite directions, however, the cavity transmission changes from single-dark-state to double-dark-state peaks, in which the reciprocity outputs depend on the frequency difference between the two coupling fields. By tuning the frequency difference, the two-way multi-channel reciprocal-nonreciprocal transmission regulation based on double dark polar peaks can be realized. The study can be applied to all-optical quantum devices and quantum information processing, such as optical transistors, optical switching and routing, and quantum gate manipulation.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics and Electronics Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China

Corresponding author: Zhou Hai-Tao, zht007@sxu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61975102, 11704235), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 20210302123437), the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 201901D211166), and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2020L0038).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 (a) 实验装置和(b) 实验能级示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental setup (a) and energy levels (b).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 理论模拟注入信号光s₁光(红色实线)和s₂光(蓝色虚线)的色散 χ'、吸收χ'' 及腔透射谱T 随信号光频率失谐的变化　(a), (b)只有c₁光作用时的χ' 和 χ''; (d), (e) 只有c₂作用时的χ' 和 χ''; (c), (f) 分别对应只有c₁光和只有c₂作用时的T. 在计算中参数设置为: (a)—(c)中, $ {\varOmega _{{c_1}}} = 20{\text{ MHz, }}{\varOmega _{{c_2}}} = 0 $; (d)—(f)中, ${\varOmega _{{c_1}}} = 0,\;{\varOmega _{{c_2}}} = 20{\text{ MHz}}$. 其他实验参数为: r = γ_in = 0.9, γ_ca = 14.4 MHz, γ_ab = 0.3 MHz, L = 526 mm, l = 75 mm, $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = {\varDelta _{{c_2}}} = {\varDelta _{\text{q}}} = 0 $

Figure 2. Theoretical plots of the dispersion χ', absorption χ'' and cavity transmission T of the input s₁ (red solid lines) and input s₂ (blue dashed lines) versus signal frequency detuning: (a), (b) χ' and χ'' for only c₁ used; (d), (e) χ' and χ'' for only c₂ used; (c), (f) T corresponding to only c₁ and only c₂ corresponding to panel (a), (b) and (d), (e), respectively. The parameters used in the calculation are $ {\varOmega _{{c_1}}} = 20{\text{ MHz, }}{\varOmega _{{c_2}}} = 0 $ for panel (a)–(c); ${\varOmega _{{c_1}}} = 0{, }~{\varOmega _{{c_2}}} = 20{\text{ MHz}}$for panel (d)–(f). The other parameters are r = γ_in = 0.9, γ_ca = 14.4 MHz, γ_ab = 0.3 MHz, L = 526 mm, l = 75 mm, $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = {\varDelta _{{c_2}}} = {\varDelta _{\text{q}}} = 0 $.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 理论模拟了当c₁光和c₂光同时作用时, 不同频差δ_c下s₁光(红色实线)和s₂光(蓝色虚线)的色散χ'、吸收χ''及腔透射谱T (a)—(c) δ_c= 0; (d)—(f) δ_c = –20 MHz; (g)—(i) δ_c = –40 MHz. 主要计算参数为$ {\varOmega _{{c_1}}} = {\varOmega _{{c_2}}} = 20{\text{ MHz}} $, 其他参数与图2中的相同

Figure 3. Theoretical plots of χ', χ'' and T of the input s₁ (red solid lines) and input s₂ (blue dashed lines) versus signal frequency detuning for different frequency difference δ_c when coupling lights c₁ and c₂ are used simultaneously: (a)–(c) δ_c = 0; (d)–(f) δ_c = –20 MHz; (g)–(i) δ_c = –40 MHz. The parameters used in the calculation are $ {\varOmega _{{c_1}}} = {\varOmega _{{c_2}}} = 20{\text{ MHz}} $, and other parameters are the same as in Fig. 2.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a), (c) 实验测量了只有c₁光和c₂光作用下的腔透射谱; (b), (d) 当c₂光为脉冲光时在原子共振跃迁中心(Δ_s= 0)的腔透射强度. (1) 代表s₁光的腔透射(红色线), (2) 代表s₂光的腔透射(蓝色线), (3) 代表c₁光强度(灰色线)和(4)代表c₂光强度(黑色线). 主要实验参数为$ {P_{{c_1}}} = {P_{{c_2}}} = 10\;{\text{mW}} $, $ {P_{{s_1}}} = {P_{{s_2}}} = 1.5{\text{ mW}} $, T_Cs = 28.5 °C, $ {\delta _c} = {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = 0 $

Figure 4. (a), (c) Experimental measured cavity transmission for only light c₁ (a) and light c₂ (c) used. (b), (d) The transmission intensity at the atom resonance center (Δ_s = 0) when light c₂ is as pulsed light. Red curves (1) are the cavity transmission of light s₁, blue curves (2) are those of light s₂, gray lines (3) and black lines (4) are the intensity of lights c₁ and c₂, respectively. The main experimental parameters are:$ {P_{{c_1}}} = {P_{{c_2}}} = 10{\text{ mW}} $, $ {P_{{s_1}}} = {P_{{s_2}}} = 1.5{\text{ mW}} $, T_Cs = 28.5 °C, $ {\delta _c} = {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = 0 $.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 实验测量了c₁光和c₂光同时作用下的腔透射谱, 其中主要实验参量为(a) $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = {\delta _c} = 0 $; (b) $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = 10{\text{ MHz, }}{\delta _c} = - 20{\text{ MHz}} $; (c) $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = 20{\text{ MHz, }}{\delta _c} = - 40{\text{ MHz}} $. 其他参数与图4相同

Figure 5. Experimental measured cavity transmission for lights c₁ and c₂ simultaneously used. The main experimental parameters are: (a) $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = {\delta _c} = 0 $; (b) $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = 10{\text{ MHz, }}{\delta _c} = - 20{\text{ MHz}} $; (c) $ {\varDelta _{{c_1}}} = 20{\text{ MHz, }}{\delta _c} = - 40{\text{ MHz}} $. The other parameters are the same as in Fig. 4.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 不同δ_c下双暗态极子峰的输出真值表

Table 1. Output truth table of double dark-state peaks under different δ_c^.

	δ_c = 0				δ_c = –δ									δ_c = –2δ
	Δ_s = –δ(δ)				Δ_s = –2δ(0)				Δ_s = –δ(δ)					Δ_s = –3δ				Δ_s = –δ				Δ_s =δ
S_1-in	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0		0	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
S_2-in	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0		1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1
S_1-out	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0		0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	1
S_2-out	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0		1	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0
S = S_1-out+ S_2-out	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0		1	0	1	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1

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[1]	Aplet L J, Carson J W 1964 Appl. Opt. 3 544 Google Scholar
[2]	Chang L, Jiang X S, Hua S Y, Yang C, Wen J M, Jiang L, Li G Y, Wang G Z, Xiao M 2014 Nat. Photonics 8 524 Google Scholar
[3]	Buddhiraju S, Song A, Papadakis G T, Fan S H 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 257403 Google Scholar
[4]	Estep N A, Sounas D L, Soric J, Alù A 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 923 Google Scholar
[5]	Ruesink F, Mathew J P, Miri M A, Verhagen E, Alù A 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 1798 Google Scholar
[6]	Shen Z, Zhang Y L, Chen Y, Zou C L, Xiao Y F, Zou X B, Sun F W, Guo G C, Dong C H 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 657 Google Scholar
[7]	张利巍, 李贤丽, 杨柳 2019 物理学报 68 170701 Google Scholar Zhang L W, Li X L, Yang L 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 170701 Google Scholar
[8]	Lépinay L M, Ockeloen-Korppi C F, Malz D, Sillanpää M A 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 125 023603 Google Scholar
[9]	Lodahl P, Mahmoodian S, Stobbe S, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P, Volz J, Pichler H, Zoller P 2017 Nature 541 473 Google Scholar
[10]	Ramezani H, Jha P K, Wang Y, Zhang X 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 043901 Google Scholar
[11]	Scheucher M, Hilico A, Will E, Volz J, Rauschenbeutel A 2016 Science 354 1577 Google Scholar
[12]	Kang M S, Butsch A, Russell P S J 2011 Nat. Photonics 5 549 Google Scholar
[13]	Wang D W, Zhou H T, Guo M J, Zhang J X, Evers J, Zhu S Y 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 093901 Google Scholar
[14]	Horsley S A R, Wu J H, Artoni M, La Rocca G C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 223602 Google Scholar
[15]	Sayrin C, Junge C, Mitsch R, Albrecht B, O’Shea D, Schneeweiss P, Volz J, Rauschenbeutel A 2015 Phys. Rev. X 5 041036 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang S C, Hu Y Q, Lin G W, Niu Y P, Xia K Y, Gong J B, Gong S Q 2018 Nat. Photonics 12 744 Google Scholar
[17]	Lin G W, Zhang S C, Hu Y Q, Niu Y P, Gong J B, Gong S Q 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 033902 Google Scholar
[18]	Hu Y Q, Zhang S C, Kuang X Y, Qi Y H, Lin G W, Gong S Q, Niu Y P 2020 Opt. Express 28 38710 Google Scholar
[19]	Bliokh K Y, Rodríguez-Fortuño F J, Bekshaev A Y, Kivshar Y S, Nori F 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 963 Google Scholar
[20]	Song K S, Im S J, Pae J S, Ri C S, Ho K S, Kim C S, Han Y H 2020 Phys. Rev. B 102 115435 Google Scholar
[21]	Zhang J X, Zhou H T, Wang D W, Zhu S Y 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 053841 Google Scholar
[22]	Yang P F, Xia X W, He H, Li S K, Han X, Zhang P, Li G, Zhang P F, Xu J P, Yang Y P, Zhang T C 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 233604 Google Scholar
[23]	Kapale K T, Agarwal G S, Scully M O 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 052304 Google Scholar
[24]	Vo C, Riedl S, Baur S, Rempe G, Dürr S 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 263602 Google Scholar
[25]	He L Y, Wang T J, Wang C 2016 Opt. Express 24 15429 Google Scholar
[26]	Guo M J, Zhou H T, Wang D, Gao J R, Zhang J X, Zhu S Y 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 033813 Google Scholar
[27]	Tang L, Tang J S, Chen M Y, Nori F, Xiao M, Xia K Y 2022 Phys. Rev. Lett. 128 083604 Google Scholar
[28]	Li R B, Deng L, Hagley E W 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 063806 Google Scholar
[29]	Knutson E M, Cross J S, Wyllie S, Glasser R T 2020 Opt. Express 28 22748 Google Scholar
[30]	Liu S S, Lou Y B, Jing J T 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 113602 Google Scholar
[31]	Li S J, Pan X Z, Ren Y, Liu H Z, Yu S, Jing J T 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett. 124 083605 Google Scholar
[32]	Zhu Y F, Gauthier D J, Morin S E, Wu Q L, Garmichael H J, Mossberg T W 1990 Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 2499 Google Scholar
[33]	Sheng J T, Xiao M 2013 Laser Phys. Lett. 10 055402 Google Scholar
[34]	Gripp J, Mielke S L, Orozco L A 1996 Phys. Rev. A 54 R3746 Google Scholar

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