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The influences of group behavior on pedestrian evacuation under zero-visibility conditions are analyzed in depth by combining controlled experiments with modeling and simulation in this work. Initially, by experiments on pedestrian evacuation under zero-visibility conditions, typical evacuation behaviors are identified such as group behavior, auditory guidance behavior, and wall-following behavior. The pedestrians rely on auditory information to guide their companions in the process of forming groups. Pedestrian group behavior can be divided into three modes, the walking speeds of grouped pedestrians greatly depending on their spatial positions. By comparing and analyzing the walking speeds and evacuation times of pedestrians under different grouping modes, it is found that group behavior under zero-visibility condition reduces evacuation efficiency, while walking along the walls can improve evacuation efficiency. Subsequently, considering the movement characteristics of pedestrians in different group behavior modes, the influence mechanisms of auditory guidance and wall-following behavior on the evacuation process, a pedestrian evacuation model based on cellular automata under zero-visibility conditions is developed. Finally, the proposed model is validated by using experimental results, and simulations are conducted to analyze the influences of group behavior on the evacuation process under zero-visibility conditions. By comparing and analyzing the pedestrian movement trajectories and evacuation times during both the simulation and experiment, it is verified that the model can effectively reproduce the group evacuation processes of pedestrians under zero-visibility conditions. When auditory guidance errors are considered, pedestrians exhibit wandering behaviors in their movement trajectories. In the evacuation process, the greater the distance that pedestrians can perceive each other for grouping, the higher the probability of group formation is. As a result, groups are formed earlier, which will reduce the evacuation efficiency. This indicates that under zero-visibility conditions, group behavior exerts a negative influence on the evacuation process. This research lays a scientific foundation for formulating pedestrian evacuation strategies and schemes in similar scenarios.
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Keywords:
- evacuation experiments /
- zero-visibility conditions /
- group behavior /
- cellular automaton model
[1] 任建强, 倪顺江 2024 清华大学学报(自然科学版) 64 471
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图 1 实验场景示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental scenario.
图 2 结伴模式I下行人的运动轨迹
Figure 2. Pedestrian trajectories under group mode I.
图 3 结伴模式II下行人的运动轨迹
Figure 3. Pedestrian trajectories under group mode II.
图 4 结伴模式III下行人的运动轨迹
Figure 4. Pedestrian trajectories under group mode III.
图 5 无规律小组的行人运动轨迹 (a) 无规律小组1; (b) 无规律小组2; (c) 无规律小组3
Figure 5. Pedestrian trajectories of the irregular groups: (a) Irregular group 1; (b) irregular group 2; (c) irregular group 3.
图 6 听觉引导行为 (a) 疏散开始阶段; (b) 同伴发现出口后
Figure 6. Auditory guidance behavior: (a) At the beginning of the evacuation; (b) after the companion has discovered the exit.
图 7 不同结伴模式下基于速度变化的行人运动轨迹 (a) 结伴模式I; (b) 结伴模式II; (c) 结伴模式III
Figure 7. Pedestrian trajectories based on velocity changes under different group modes: (a) Group mode I; (b) group mode II; (c) group mode III.
图 8 不同空间位置划分示意图
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of different spatial locations.
图 9 不同结伴模式下不同空间位置的行人速度
Figure 9. Pedestrian speeds at different spatial locations under different group modes.
图 10 实验中不同结伴模式下每个小组的疏散时间
Figure 10. Evacuation time for each group in the experiment under different group modes.
图 11 行人可以运动的方向和相邻元胞的转移概率
Figure 11. Direction in which pedestrians can move and the transfer probability of neighboring cells.
图 12 行人的结伴形态
Figure 12. Group shapes of pedestrians.
图 13 仿真中的行人运动轨迹 (a) 考虑听觉引导误差; (b) 不考虑听觉引导误差
Figure 13. Pedestrian trajectories in the simulation: (a) Considering auditory guidance error; (b) without considering auditory guidance error.
图 14 结伴模式I下行人在元胞中的平均停留时间步数
Figure 14. Average number of time steps pedestrians stayed in cells under group mode I.
图 16 结伴模式III下行人在元胞中的平均停留时间步数
Figure 16. Average number of time steps pedestrians stayed in cells under group mode III.
图 15 结伴模式II下行人在元胞中的平均停留时间步数 (a) 包含等待位置; (b) 去除等待位置
Figure 15. Average number of time steps pedestrians spend in cells in group mode II: (a) With waiting positions; (b) without waiting positions
图 17 仿真和实验中不同结伴模式下行人的疏散时间
Figure 17. Evacuation times of pedestrians under different group modes in simulations and experiments.
图 18 结伴感知距离对行人疏散时间的影响
Figure 18. Effect of grouping perceived distance on pedestrian evacuation time.
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[1] 任建强, 倪顺江 2024 清华大学学报(自然科学版) 64 471
Google Scholar
Ren J Q, Ni S J 2024 J. Tsinghua Univ. (Sci. Technol.) 64 471
Google Scholar
[2] Moussaïd M, Perozo N, Garnier S, Dirk H, Guy T 2010 PloS One 5 e10047
Google Scholar
[3] 岳昊, 邵春福, 关宏志, 段龙梅 2010 物理学报 59 4499
Google Scholar
Yue H, Shao C F, Guan H Z, Duan L M 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 4499
Google Scholar
[4] 霍非舟, 范丹丹, 刘昶, 马亚萍, 吕紫含, 李梦令 2023 中国安全科学学报 33 126
Google Scholar
Huo F Z, Fan D D, Liu C, Ma Y P, Lv Z H, Li M L 2023 CSSJ 33 126
Google Scholar
[5] Fu L B, Cao S C, Shi Y Q, Chen S, Yang P, Fang J 2019 Saf. Sci. 117 447
Google Scholar
[6] 张蕊, 杨静, 杨晨威, 代盛旭 2019 交通运输系统工程与信息 19 163
Google Scholar
Zhang R, Yang J, Yang C W, Dai S X 2019 TSEIT 19 163
Google Scholar
[7] 武鑫森, 岳昊, 刘秋梅, 张旭, 邵春福 2021 物理学报 70 148901
Google Scholar
Wu X S, Yue H, Liu Q M, Zhang X, Shao C F 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 148901
Google Scholar
[8] 周金旺, 邝华, 刘慕仁, 孔令江 2009 物理学报 58 3001
Google Scholar
Zhou J W, Kuang H, Liu M R, Kong L J 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3001
Google Scholar
[9] Wei X G, Lv W, Song W G, Li X 2015 Complexity 20 87
Google Scholar
[10] Gorrini A, Vizzari G, Bandini S 2016 Collective Dyn. 1 1
Google Scholar
[11] Chen L, Tang T Q, Song Z Q, Song Ziqi, Huang H J, Guo R Y 2019 Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 90 31
Google Scholar
[12] Cuesta A, Abreu O, Balboa A, Daniel A 2021 Fire Saf. J. 120 103018
Google Scholar
[13] Ren J X, Mao Z L, Zhang D, Gong M, Zuo S 2022 Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 80 103228
Google Scholar
[14] Xie W, Zhang Y C, Cheng Y Y, Chen S M, Liang X W, Zhang W B 2018 Procedia Eng. 211 830
Google Scholar
[15] Xie W, Lee E W M, Li T, Shi M, Cao R F, Zhang Y C 2021 Saf. Sci. 133 105029
Google Scholar
[16] Was J, Porzycki J, Schmidt-Polończyk N 2020 Collective Dyn. 5 93
Google Scholar
[17] Xue S Q, Jiang R, Wong S C 2020 Transportmetrica A 16 626
Google Scholar
[18] Zeng G, Li Z, Ye R, Cao S 2024 Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 146 105661
Google Scholar
[19] 童蔚苹, 程琳 2014 系统工程理论与实践 34 2386
Google Scholar
Tong W P, Cheng L 2014 Systems Eng. Theory Practice 34 2386
Google Scholar
[20] Guo C L, Huo F Z, Li C, Li Y 2023 Physica A 615 128602
Google Scholar
[21] Zhou Y, Zhou Z P, Pu Z Y, Qi Y, Xu Y N 2019 Transp. Res. Rec. 2673 851
Google Scholar
[22] National Library of Standards of China National Institute of Standardization https://www.nssi.org.cn/nssi/front/124378676.html [2024-7-11]
[23] Lei W J, Li A G, Gao R, Hao X P, Deng B S 2012 Physica A 391 5355
Google Scholar
[24] 武悦, 康健 2016 城市建筑 16 121
Google Scholar
Wu Y, Kang J 2016 UA 16 121
Google Scholar
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