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The measurement of total energy on the target is a critical step in evaluating the performance of high-power laser systems. However, the laser spot on the target exhibits characteristics such as high power density, non-uniform spatial and temporal distribution, and large spot size, which pose significant challenges to accurate total energy measurement. To address the demand for high-precision measuring total energy of a large spot, this work focuses on the plate energy measurement technology. First, we investigated the physical processes of laser-heated plates and obtained analytical solutions, demonstrating that uniformly arranged temperature sensor arrays can shorten the relaxation period. Second, to overcome the limitations of traditional energy inversion algorithms—such as the need to preheat the absorber and potential non-uniform temperature effects—we proposed correction methods. The non-preheated calorimetry method eliminates the requirement that the absorber temperature must be higher than the ambient temperature during the initial rating period. It iteratively optimizes ambient temperature and heat loss coefficients based on corrected temperature invariance. Additionally, a non-uniform temperature correction algorithm is applied to minimize errors caused by limited sensor sampling rates by reconstructing the temperature curve during injection and adjustment periods. Finally, we developed a plate measurement device and conducted laser calibration tests, achieving system repeatability 2.7%, linearity 0.3% and a combined standard uncertainty of 4%. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for flat-plate laser energy measurement technology, providing important insights for optimizing the apparatus design, improving usability, and enabling high-precision energy inversion.
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Keywords:
- laser parameter measurement /
- energy /
- flat-plate calorimetry /
- energy inversion algorithm
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图 1 物理模型 (a) 后视图; (b) 侧视图; (c) 典型温度变化历程
Figure 1. Physics model. (a) Rear view; (b) Side view; (c) Temperature changing curve.
图 2 免预热热量计算法流程图
Figure 2. Flowchat for preheating-free calorimetry method algorithm.
图 3 机械结构 (a) 前视图; (b) 爆炸图
Figure 3. Mechanical structure. (a) Front view; (b) Exploded view
图 4 标定试验系统
Figure 4. Calibration experimental system
图 5 测量结果 (a) 监测光强; (b) 温度变化历程
Figure 5. Measurement results. (a) Monitor power; (b) Temperature changing curve.
图 6 标定结果
Figure 6. Calibration results
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