Self-organization during the particle injections in binary complex plasmas under microgravity

MENG Xue; DU Xinchi; LIPAEV M Andrey; ZOBNIN V Andrey; THOMA Markus; KRETSCHMER Michael; YANG Wei; HUANG Xiaojiang; ZHOU Hongying; DU Chengran

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20251065

Abstract

Complex plasmas are composed of ionized gases and mesoscopic particles, representing a typical non-equilibrium complex system. The particles are negatively charged due to the higher thermal velocity of the electrons and interact with each other via Yukawa interactions. Due to the easy recording of the individual particles' motion through video microscopy, the generic processes in liquids and solids can be studied at a kinetic level in complex plasmas. Under microgravity conditions, the particles are confined in the bulk plasma and form a three-dimensional cloud. In the PK-4 Laboratory on the International Space Station, melamine formaldehyde particles with diameters of 6.8 μm and 3.4 μm are consecutively injected into the plasma discharge. Due to the electrostatic force and ion drag force, usually, the particles cannot be mixed in the same region, thereby leading to a phase separation. During the particle injections, small particles penetrate into the big particle clouds and self-organize in different ways under different conditions. When the number density of the big particles is low, small particles form a channel in the center of the discharge tube due to the Yukawa repulsion, where the big particle cloud is weakly confined. When the number density of the big particles is moderate, lanes are formed during the penetration of the small particles, representing a typical nonequilibrium self-organization. When the number density of the big particles is high, dust acoustic waves are self-excited due to the two-stream instability. As the small and big particles interact with each other, the number density of particles in the wave crests sharply increases. However, the wave numbers and frequencies remain unchanged. This investigation offers insights into the different self-organizations during the particle injections in three-dimensional binary complex plasmas under microgravity conditions.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Physics, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2.
Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
3.
Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen 35392, Germany

Corresponding author: DU Chengran, chengran.du@dhu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12035003), the German Aerospace Agency (Grant Nos. 50WM2044, 50WM2457), and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 075-00269-25-00).

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References

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[2]	Shukla P K 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 1791 Google Scholar
[3]	Klumov B A, Morfill G E, Popel S I 2005 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 100 152 Google Scholar
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[41]	Ivlev A V, Zhdanov S K, Thomas H M, Morfill G E 2009 EPL 85 45001 Google Scholar
[42]	Wysocki A, Räth C, Ivlev A V, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 045001 Google Scholar
[43]	Killer C, Bockwoldt T, Schütt S, Himpel M, Melzer A, Piel A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 115002 Google Scholar
[44]	Fortov V E, Ivlev A V, Khrapak S A, Khrapak A G, Morfill G E 2005 Phys. Rep. 421 1 Google Scholar
[45]	Chakrabarti J, Dzubiella J, Löwen H 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 012401
[46]	Du C R, Sütterlin K R, Jiang K, et al. 2012 New J. Phys. 14 073058 Google Scholar
[47]	Jiang K, Du C R, Sütterlin K R, Ivlev A V, Morfill G E 2010 EPL 92 65002 Google Scholar
[48]	Kretschmer M, Antonova T, Zhdanov S, Thoma M 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 458 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 空间站PK-4 实验装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the PK-4 experimental setup.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 等离子体辉光与颗粒云团

Figure 2. Glow discharge and particle cloud.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 颗粒云团分布演化与小颗粒输运通道宽度

Figure 3. Evolution of the particle distribution and width of the channel.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 行结构形成

Figure 4. Formation of lane structure.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 单分散自激发波; (b) 双分散自激发波

Figure 5. Diagram of dust acoustic waves in monodisperse (a) and binary (b) complex plasma.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 小颗粒注入前(a)与注入后(b)尘埃声波的时空演化图以及傅里叶分析获得的频率(c)与波数(d)

Figure 6. Periodgram of dust acoustic waves before (a) and after (b) the injections of small particles with frequencies (c) and wave numbers (d) from Fourier analysis.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 尘埃声波中颗粒密度演化

Figure 7. Evolution of particle number density in dust acoustic waves.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Melzer A 2019 Physics of Dusty Plasmas: An Introduction (Heidelberg: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
[2]	Shukla P K 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 1791 Google Scholar
[3]	Klumov B A, Morfill G E, Popel S I 2005 J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 100 152 Google Scholar
[4]	Rosenberg M 1993 Planet. Space Sci. 41 229 Google Scholar
[5]	Goertz C K 1989 Rev. Geophys. 27 271 Google Scholar
[6]	Menzel K O, Arp O, Piel A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 235002 Google Scholar
[7]	Heidemann R, Zhdanov S, Sütterlin R, Thomas H M, Morfill G E 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 135002 Google Scholar
[8]	Chan C L, Lai Y J, Woon W Y, Chu H Y, Lin I 2004 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 A273
[9]	Steinmuller B, Dietz C, Kretschmer M, Thoma M H 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 033705 Google Scholar
[10]	Du C R, Nosenko V, Thomas H M, Lin Y F, Morfill G E, Ivlev A V 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 185002 Google Scholar
[11]	Huang D, Baggioli M, Lu S Y, Ma Z, Feng Y 2023 Phys. Rev. Res. 5 013149 Google Scholar
[12]	Annaratone B M, Antonova T, Arnas C, et al. 2010 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 19 065026 Google Scholar
[13]	Sütterlin K R, Wysocki A, Räth C, et al. 2010 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 124042 Google Scholar
[14]	Lipaev A M, Naumkin V N, Khrapak S A, Usachev A D, Petrov O F, Thoma M H, Kretschmer, Du C R, Kononenko O D, Zobnin A V 2025 Phys. Rev. E 111 015209 Google Scholar
[15]	Dietz C, Budak J, Kamprich T, Kretschmer M, Thoma M H 2021 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 61 e202100079 Google Scholar
[16]	Ludwig P, Jung H, Kaehlert H, Joost J P, Greiner F, Moldabekov Z, Carstensen J, Sundar S, Bonitz M, Piel A 2018 Eur. Phys. J. D 72 82 Google Scholar
[17]	Liu B, Goree J, Pustylnik M Y, et al. 2021 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 49 2972 Google Scholar
[18]	Rothermel H, Hagl T, Morfill G E, Thoma M H, Thomas H M 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 175001 Google Scholar
[19]	Morfill G E, Ivlev A V 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1353 Google Scholar
[20]	Schmitz A S, Hanstein L, Klein M, Kretschmer M, Lotz C, Shemakhin A, Thoma M H 2025 Microgravity Sci. Technol. 37 7 Google Scholar
[21]	Morfill G E, Thomas H M, Konopka U M, et al. 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 1598 Google Scholar
[22]	Nefedov A P, Morfill G E, Fortov V E, et al. 2003 New J. Phys. 5 33 Google Scholar
[23]	Thomas H M, Morfill G E, Fortov V E, et al. 2008 New J. Phys. 10 033036 Google Scholar
[24]	Fortov V, Morfill G, Petrov O, Thoma M, Usachev A, Hoefner H 2005 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47 B537 Google Scholar
[25]	Knapek C A, Couedel L, Dove A, Goree J, Konopka U, Melzer A, Ratynskaia S, Thoma M H, Thomas H M 2022 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 64 124006 Google Scholar
[26]	杨唯, 王垚楠, 梁颖悦, 黄晓江, 周鸿颖, 郭颖, 张菁, 冯岩, 王晓钢, 张立宪, 杜诚然 2025 中国科学: 物理学力学天文学 55 105206 Google Scholar Yang W, Wang Y N, Liang Y Y, Huang X J, Zhou H Y, Guo Y, Zhang J, Feng Y, Wang X G, Zhang L X, Du C R 2025 Sci. Sin. Phys. Mech. Astron. 55 105206 Google Scholar
[27]	Block D, Melzer A 2019 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 52 063001 Google Scholar
[28]	Sütterlin K R, Wysocki A, Ivlev A V, et al. 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 085003 Google Scholar
[29]	Khrapak S A, Klumov B A, Huber P, et al. 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 205001 Google Scholar
[30]	Schwabe M, Zhdanov S, Räth C, Graves D B, Thomas H M, Morfill G E 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 115002 Google Scholar
[31]	Pan S, Yang W, Lipaev A M, Zobnin A V, Li D H, Chang S, Shkaplerov A, Prokopyev S V, Thoma M, Du C R 2024 EPL 147 44001 Google Scholar
[32]	Schwabe M, Rubin-Zuzic M, Zhdanov S, Thomas H M, Morfill G E 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 095002 Google Scholar
[33]	Bajaj P, Khrapak S, Yaroshenko V, Schwabe M 2022 Phys. Rev. E 105 025202 Google Scholar
[34]	Schwabe M, Zhdanov S K, Thomas H M, et al. 2008 New J. Phys. 10 033037 Google Scholar
[35]	Sun W, Schwabe M, Thomas H M, Lipaev A M, Molotkov V I, Fortov V E, Feng Y, Lin Y F, Zhang J, Guo Y, Du C R 2018 EPL 122 55001 Google Scholar
[36]	Hong X, Sun W, Schwabe M, Du C R, Duan W S 2021 Phys. Rev. E 104 025206 Google Scholar
[37]	Schwabe M, Khrapak S A, Zhdanov S K, et al. 2020 New J. Phys. 22 083079 Google Scholar
[38]	Wimmer L, Dormagen N, Klein M, Kretschmer M, Lipaev A M, Schwarz M, Usachev A D, Petrov O F, Zobnin A, Thoma M H 2025 New J. Phys. 27 033001 Google Scholar
[39]	Yaroshenko V V, Khrapak S A, Pustylnik M Y, Thomas H M, Jaiswal S, Lipaev A M, Usachev A D, Petrov O F, Fortov V E 2019 Phys. Plasmas 26 053702 Google Scholar
[40]	Khrapak S, Yaroshenko V 2020 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 62 105006 Google Scholar
[41]	Ivlev A V, Zhdanov S K, Thomas H M, Morfill G E 2009 EPL 85 45001 Google Scholar
[42]	Wysocki A, Räth C, Ivlev A V, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 045001 Google Scholar
[43]	Killer C, Bockwoldt T, Schütt S, Himpel M, Melzer A, Piel A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 115002 Google Scholar
[44]	Fortov V E, Ivlev A V, Khrapak S A, Khrapak A G, Morfill G E 2005 Phys. Rep. 421 1 Google Scholar
[45]	Chakrabarti J, Dzubiella J, Löwen H 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 012401
[46]	Du C R, Sütterlin K R, Jiang K, et al. 2012 New J. Phys. 14 073058 Google Scholar
[47]	Jiang K, Du C R, Sütterlin K R, Ivlev A V, Morfill G E 2010 EPL 92 65002 Google Scholar
[48]	Kretschmer M, Antonova T, Zhdanov S, Thoma M 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 458 Google Scholar

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