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Complex plasmas are composed of ionized gases and mesoscopic particles, representing a typical non-equilibrium complex system. The particles are negatively charged due to the higher thermal velocity of the electrons and interact with each other via Yukawa interactions. Due to the easy recording of the motion of individual particles through video microscopy, the generic processes in liquids and solids in complex plasma can be studied at a kinetic level. Under microgravity conditions, the particles are confined in the bulk plasma and form a three-dimensional cloud. In the PK-4 Laboratory on the International Space Station, melamine formaldehyde particles with diameters of 6.8 μm and 3.4 μm are continuously injected into the plasma discharge. Due to the electrostatic force and ion drag force, usually, the particles cannot be mixed in the same region, thereby leading to a phase separation. During the particle injection, small particles penetrate into the big particle clouds and selforganize in different way under different conditions. When the number density of the big particles is low, small particles form a channel in the center of the discharge tube due to the Yukawa repulsion, where the big particle cloud is weakly confined. When the number density of the big particles is moderate, small particles will form channels during the penetration, representing a typical nonequilibrium self-organization. When the number density of the big particles is high, dust acoustic waves are self-excited due to the two-stream instability. As the small and big particles interact with each other, the number density of particles in the wave crests sharply increases. However, the wave numbers and frequencies remain unchanged. This investigation offers insights into the different self-organizations during the particle injections into three-dimensional binary complex plasmas under microgravity conditions.
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Keywords:
- complex plasma /
- self-organization /
- microgravity
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图 1 空间站PK-4 实验装置示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the PK-4 experimental setup.
图 2 等离子体辉光与颗粒云团
Figure 2. Glow discharge and particle cloud.
图 3 颗粒云团分布演化与小颗粒输运通道宽度
Figure 3. Evolution of the particle distribution and width of the channel.
图 4 行结构形成
Figure 4. Formation of lane structure.
图 5 (a) 单分散自激发波; (b) 双分散自激发波
Figure 5. Diagram of dust acoustic waves in monodisperse (a) and binary (b) complex plasma.
图 6 小颗粒注入前(a)与注入后(b)尘埃声波的时空演化图以及傅里叶分析获得的频率(c)与波数(d)
Figure 6. Periodgram of dust acoustic waves before (a) and after (b) the injections of small particles with frequencies (c) and wave numbers (d) from Fourier analysis.
图 7 尘埃声波中颗粒密度演化
Figure 7. Evolution of particle number density in dust acoustic waves.
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