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Nuclear reaction rate databases serve as essential inputs for nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution modeling, directly influencing the accuracy and physical reliability of calculations in various nuclear astrophysics processes. This work provides a comprehensive review of the major reaction rate databases— REACLIB, STARLIB, and BRUSLIB—highlighting their objectives, data structures, and representative applications, and discussing their coverage, fitting methods, and uncertainty evaluation. These databases have been instrumental in advancing the standardization of nuclear reaction network calculations. However, although these databases have significantly lowered the barrier to performing network modeling, there remains substantial room for improvement in aspects such as database unit structures, update mechanisms, and organizational frameworks. For example, detailed information on the underlying nuclear physics experiments or data analyses is often not included in REACLIB. Therefore, enhancing the stored metadata warrants careful consideration, since it can significantly improve the reliability of astrophysical modeling. At the same time, the advancement of nuclear astrophysics reaction rate databases depends heavily on continuous progress at the experimental frontier. In recent years, innovative experimental techniques—such as novel 4π high-resolution detector arrays and γ–charged particle coincidence measurements—have been widely applied to studies of key nuclear astrophysics reactions, significantly expanding research capabilities. To meet the demands of cutting-edge astrophysical studies for accurate reaction rates, the real-time updating and systematic evaluation of experimental data for key reactions represent both an important opportunity and an urgent challenge for the development of modern databases. several important achievements of the JUNA Collaboration at the Jinping underground nuclear astrophysics facility, where low-background experiments have been conducted, are also presented in this paper. These new low-energy measurements, when compared with traditional extrapolations used in databases, are found to provide more direct constraints on key reactions in nuclear astrophysics and to offer crucial experimental support for the continuous optimization of future databases.
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Keywords:
- Nuclear astrophysics /
- Nuclear reaction rate database /
- Stellar nucleosynthesis /
- Underground experiment
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