-
水中快脉冲（脉宽数ns甚至ps级）放电过程中，快脉冲在电极附近引起电致伸缩效应导致电极附近形成空化区．电子在空化区内积累能量并高速进入水体，电子在水中的输运特性是水中脉冲放电起始与发展的关键因素．本文构建了考虑弹性与非弹性碰撞截面的水中电子输运物理模型，采用蒙特卡洛方法研究不同能量电子的透射与散射径迹结构特征，研究了弹性碰撞、电离与激发碰撞频次随电子初始能量的变化以及水中电子能量损失特征．结果表明，较低能量的电子（~20eV）受水分子散射影响能量损失较大，透射能力较弱，随着电子初始能量的增高，电子受水分子散射作用的影响逐渐减小，具有更强的液体穿透能力；弹性碰撞次数远大于激发与电离碰撞，导致电子散射距离与透射深度相当，电离碰撞和激发碰撞次数随电子能量升高显著增加；电子入射能量越高，其能损越大，随运动距离增加，能损急剧下降，与电子的平均电离能量损失W变化趋势一致．本研究可为探究快脉冲放电机理提供重要数据基础．The transport characteristics of electrons are key to initiation and development of pulse discharge in water. In this paper, we developed a physical model of electron transport considering elastic and inelastic collision cross sections. The aim of this study is to investigate frequency variation of elastic collision, ionization and excitation collision with different initial electron energies, and to explore characteristic of electron energy loss in water. The Monte Carlo method was employed to track structure characteristics of electrons transmission and scattering under varying energies. The results show that electrons of lower energy (~20 eV) are significantly impacted by the water molecule scattering and hence their transmission capacities are weakened. While, when the electron incident energy reaches 100 eV, the scattering deviation distance is roughly equivalent to the transmission depth, about 6–8 nm, and the maximum deviation angle θshift ~ 60°. When the electron incident energy is in the range of 10–1000 eV, the elastic collision number is much greater than that of excitation and ionization collisions, and the number of ionization collisions and excitation collisions elevates pronouncedly with the increase of electron energy. The higher the electron incident energy, the greater the energy loss. However, the energy loss decreases sharply with the prolongation of penetration distance. For the ionization collision, the average ionization energy loss, W, decreases rapidly with the increase of electron energy, and eventually maintaining at a level of 20–30 eV, which is consistent with the reportedly experimental results.
-
Keywords:
- Electrostrictive effect /
- Electron transport in water /
- Transmission and scattering /
- Collision type
-
[1] Zhao J L, Wang Z Q, Wang J J, Zhang D D, Li G F 2023 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 35 149 (in Chinese) [赵景林，王志强，王进君，张东东，李国锋 2023 强激光与粒子束 35 149]
[2] Wang L R, Wen X Q, Yang Y T, Wang X 2023 J. Appl. Phys.134 013302
[3] Li X D, Liu Y, Zhou G Y, Liu S W, Li Z Y, Lin F C, Pan Y 2018 Proceeding of the CSEE 38 1562 (in Chinese) [李显东，刘毅，周古月，刘思维，李志远，林福昌，潘垣 2018 中国电机工程学报 38 1562]
[4] Yutkin 1962 Electro-hydraulic Effect (Beijing: Science Press) pp45-50 (in Chinese) [尤特金 1962 液电效应 (北京: 科学出版社) 第45-50页]
[5] Li Y, Li L B, Wen J Y, Ni Z Q, Zhang G J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 360 (in Chinese) [李元，李林波，温嘉烨，倪正全，张冠军 2021 物理学报 70 360]
[6] Seepersad Y, Pekker M, Shneider M N, Fridman A, Dobrynin D 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 46 355201
[7] Shneider M, Pekker M, Fridman A 2012 IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul. 19 1579
[8] Shneider M N, Pekker M 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 214906
[9] Pekker M, Shneider M N 2017 Fluid Dyn. Res. 49 035503
[10] Aghdam A C, Farouk T 2020 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29 025011
[11] Tu J Y, Chen S, Wang F 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 095202 (in Chinese) [涂婧怡，陈赦，汪沨 2019 物理学报 68 095202]
[12] Zhang J Q, Jiang X L, Chen Z G 2006 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 18 1053 (in Chinese) [张晋琪，蒋兴良，陈志刚 2006 强激光与粒子束 18 1053]
[13] Li Y, Wen J Y, Li L B, Gao J, Shi Y X, Liu Z H Zhang G J 2021 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 33 065001 (in Chinese) [李元，温嘉烨，李林波，郜晶，石亚轩，刘志濠，张冠军 2021 强激光与粒子束 33 065001]
[14] Chen X, Li, C, Ke K 2017 Chin. Sci. Bull. 62 2866
[15] Wen X Q, Zhou Y B, Xue X D, Yang Y T 2021 Phys. Plasmas 28 013507
[16] Yang Y T, Wen X Q, Wang L R, Wang X 2022 Phys. Plasmas 29 093501
[17] Yin H, Song T, Peng X G, Zhang P, Yu R S, Chen Z, Cao X Z, Wang B Y 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 114101 (in Chinese) [尹昊，宋通，彭雄刚，张鹏，于润升，陈喆，曹兴忠，王宝义 2023 物理学报 72 114101]
[18] Zhao Z, Lu Y, Zhang Z H, Sui M L 2019 Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 35 539 (in Chinese) [赵喆，卢岳，张振华，隋曼龄 2019 物理化学学报 38 539]
[19] Damascelli A, Hussain Z, Shen Z X 2003 Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 473
[20] Zhao L, Liu G D, Zhou X J 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 017406 (in Chinese) [赵林，刘国东，周兴江 2021 物理学报 70 017406]
[21] Bousis C, Emfietzoglou D, Hadjidoukas P, Nikjoo H, Pathak A 2008 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266 1185
[22] Dingfelder M, Ritchie R H, Turner J E, Friedland W, Paretzke H G, Hamm R N 2008 Radiation Research 169 584
[23] Bordage M C, Bordes J, Edel S, Terrissol M, Franceries X, Bardiès M, Lampe N, Incerti S 2016 Physica Medica 32 1833
[24] Tan Z Y, Zhang L M, Wang J, Gao H X, 2012 Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society 27 1 (in Chinese) [谭震宇，张黎明，王晶，高洪霞 2012 电工技术学报 27 1]
[25] Uehara S, Nikjoo H, Goodhead D T 1992 Physics in Medicine and Biology 37 1841
[26] Emfietzoglou D, Papamichael G, Androulidaki I, Karava K, Kostarelos K, Pathak A, Moscovitch M 2005 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 228 341
[27] Dingfelder M, Hantke D, Inokuti M, Paretzke H G 1998 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 53 1
[28] Fernandez-Varea J M, Mayol R, Liljequist D, Salvat F 1993 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5 3593
[29] Vriens L 1966 Physical Review 141 88
[30] Emfietzoglou D, Nikjoo H A 2007 Radiat. Res. 167 110
[31] Choi E, Chon K S, Yoon M G 2020 Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 175 11
[32] Incerti S, Kyriakou I, Tran H N 2017 Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 397 45
[33] Li L B 2021 M.S. Thesis (Xi'an: Xi'an Jiaotong University) (in Chinese) [李林波 2021 硕士学位论文 (西安:西安交通大学)]
[34] Wang D, Namihira T 2020 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 29 023001
[35] Emfietzoglou D 2003 Radiation Physics and Chemistry 66 373
[36] Combecher D 1980 Radiat. Res. 84 189
计量
- 文章访问数: 107
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
