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以铁电纳米线为填料的复合薄膜表现出了满足固态制冷需求的高绝热温变，其平行分布填充的纳米线因和传统垂直分布的取向不同，被认为是获得大电卡效应的关键因素，然而其大电卡效应的内在机理尚不十分明确。因此本文以PbTiO3纳米线为研究对象，建立平行分布纳米线模型，通过相场模拟研究表面应力和固溶改性对其电卡效应的影响。结果表明，表面应力和固溶改性能够分别调控纳米线相变温度并获取大的绝热温变，并最终实现了在600kV/cm电场下，0~300℃的宽温度区间获得大于6K绝热温变的效果。同时结合三维畴结构的演变，揭示了诱发不同畴翻转类型是平行分布纳米线结构获得大电卡效应的内在机理。通过本研究为基于平行分布铁电纳米线电卡效应的固态制冷技术发展提供了有益的理论指导。Composite films with ferroelectric nanowires as fillers exhibit high adiabatic temperature change to meet the demand of solid-state refrigeration, and their parallel-distributed filled nanowires are considered to be the key factor because of the different orientation from that of the conventional perpendicular distribution. However, the intrinsic mechanism of the electrocaloric effect of nanowires distributed in parallel is not well understood. In this paper, a parallel-distributed PbTiO3 nanowire model is established to investigate the effects of surface stress and solid solution modification on their electrocaloric effects through phase field simulations. The results show that an adiabatic temperature change of 5 K can be obtained near 200 °C with 1.5% compressive stress under an electric field of 260 kV/cm. In order to further reduce its operating temperature, the electrocaloric effects of PST nanowires with different Sr contents were calculated, and it was found that the lower the doping amount of Sr the higher the phase transition temperature of PST nanowires. When the doping amount of Sr is 0.45, the phase transition temperature of the nanowires can be lowered to near 100 °C, where an adiabatic temperature change of greater than 8 K can be obtained with an electric field of 600 kV/cm. Even in the low-temperature interval from 50 to 100 °C the nanowires exhibit an adiabatic temperature change close to 8 K. The nanowires are also characterized by an adiabatic temperature change in the low-temperature interval from 50 to 100 °C. Meanwhile, in conjunction with the evolution of the simulated three-dimensional domain structure, the intrinsic mechanism of the change of the electrocaloric effect under surface stress and solid solution modification is revealed to be due to the occurrence of different types of domain switchings. Finally, the parameter combinations of components and surface stresses corresponding to the maximum value of the electrocaloric effect at different operating temperatures are discussed and analyzed. The present study provides useful theoretical guidance for the development of solid-state refrigeration based on parallel-distributed ferroelectric nanowires.
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Keywords:
- Electrocaloric effect /
- Nanowires /
- Surface stress /
- Solid solution modification
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