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波浪破碎及其湍流混合研究一直是物理海洋学具有挑战性的问题. 文章系统综述了自20世纪90年代以来, 波浪破碎混合观测及其模式化研究方面取得的主要进展: 1)波浪破碎湍流混合不能用经典的海气边界层Wall-layer相似性理论进行描述. 波浪破碎能够在近海面几米的深度范围内形成湍流混合的增强层, 所产生的湍流动能耗散率dis是Wall-layer相似性理论预测结果的101000倍. 2)波浪破碎湍流动能耗散率在波峰区域disz-2.3, 而在波谷以下区域disexp(-z)或disz-2. 3)湍流混合长度是刻画波浪破碎混合非常重要的物理量, 但迄今为止对波浪破碎湍流混合长度l的量化研究存在较大差异, l从0.1 Hs到Hs(Hs为有效波高). 如何确定波浪破碎湍流混合长度的定量表示是今后需要亟待解决的重要问题.It is formidable task to provide a comprehensive investigation of wave breaking and its turbulence process. In this review paper, the observations of turbulence by wave breaking and its parameterizations since 1990 are presented. Among them, the following are the most important. (1)Wave breaking induced turbulent mixing process cannot be described by the wall-layer theory, that is, the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy is not proportional to the inverse of water depth. In fact, a significant turbulent mixing enhancement in near-surface layer for a depth of several meters is achived by wave breaking. The dissipation rate of turbulence kinet energy is one to three orders larger than the value predicted by the wall-layer scaling. (2)In the crest region above the mean waterline, the dissipation rate increases as disz-2.3, while in the region below the trough, the dissipation rate decreases as disexp(-z) or disz-2. (3)The turbulent mixing length is a critical physical quantity to study the wave breaking. Up to now, however, there has been a large difference between the values given by the previous studies. Extensive work on the mixing depth and turbulent mixing length by wave breaking is also needed in the future.
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[85] -
[1] Agrawal Y C, Terray E A, Denelan M A, Hwang P A, Williams Ⅲ A J 1992 Nature 359 219
[2] [3] Osborn T, Farmer D M, Vagle S, Thorpe S A, Cur M 1992 Atmos. Ocean 30 419
[4] Anis A, Moum J N 1995 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25 346
[5] [6] Terray E A, Denelan M A, Agrawal Y C, Drennan W M, Kahma K K, Williams Ⅲ A J, Hwang P A, Kitaigorodskii S A 1996 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26 792
[7] [8] Farmer D M, Gemmrich J R 1996 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26 816
[9] [10] Melville W K, Matusov P 2002 Nature 417 58
[11] [12] Zhang S, Yuan Y 2003 Sci. in China D 33 695(in Chinese)[张书文、袁业立 2003 中国科学 D辑 33 695]
[13] [14] Thorpe S A, Osborn T, Jackson J F, Hall A J, Lueck R G 2003 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 33 122
[15] [16] Gemmrich J R, Farmer D M 2004 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 34 1067
[17] [18] Fabrice V, Melville W K 1999 J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech. 16 1580
[19] [20] Kitaigorodskii S A 1984 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 14 960
[21] [22] Wallace D W R, Wirick C D 1992 Nature 356 694
[23] [24] Imberger J 1998 Physical Processes in Oceans and Lakes, Coastal and Esturine Studies p54
[25] [26] Kantha L H, Clayson C A 1994 J. Geophys. Res. 99 25235
[27] [28] [29] Zhang S, Yuan Y, Zheng Q 2007 Acta. Oceanol. Sin. 26 116
[30] Cui H, Zhang S W 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6509(in Chinses)[崔 红、张书文 2009 物理学报 58 6509]
[31] [32] [33] Zhang S, Yuan Y 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09021
[34] [35] Hwang P A, Sletten M A 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 C02012
[36] [37] Garrett C, Li M, Farmer D 2001 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30 2163
[38] [39] Deane G B, Stokes M D 2002 Nature 418 839
[40] [41] Zhang S W 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3287(in Chinses)[张书文 2008 物理学报 57 3287]
[42] [43] Magnaudet J, Thais L 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 757
[44] [45] Teixeira M A C, Belcher S E 2002 J. Fluid Mech. 458 229
[46] [47] Ardhuin F, Jenkins A D 2006 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 36 551
[48] [49] Huang Z C, Hsiao S C, Hwang H H 2008 Proceedings of the Eighteenth (2008) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Vancouver BC Canada July 6
[50] [51] Drennan W M, Denelan M A, Terray E A, Katsaros S A 1996 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26 808
[52] Zedel L, Hay A E, Cabrera R, Lohrmann A 1996 IEEE J.Oceanic Tech. 21 290
[53] [54] Soloviev A, Lukas R 2003 Deep-Sea Res. 50 371
[55] [56] Osborn T R 1974 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 4 109
[57] [58] Lueck R G, Huang D, Newmen D 2002 J. Oceanogr. 58 153
[59] [60] Schafstall J, Dengler M, Brandt P, Bange H 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 C10014
[61] [62] [63] Rainville L, Winsor P 2008 Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 L08606
[64] [65] Palmer M R, Rippeth T P, Simpson J H 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 C12005
[66] Painter S C, Pidcock R E, Allen J T 2010 Deep-Sea Res. 57 1281
[67] [68] [69] Martin A P, Lucas M I, Painter S C 2010 Deep-Sea Res. 57 1293
[70] Greenan B W, Oakey N S, Dobson F W 2001 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 31 992
[71] [72] [73] Gargett A E 1989 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 21 419
[74] [75] Michael L B, Roger H J G 1992 Breaking waves Symposium Sydney Australia 1991 (Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin) 95
[76] [77] Gemmrich J R 2010 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 40 583
[78] Craig P D, Banner M L 1994 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 24 2546
[79] [80] Feddersen F, Trowbridge J H, Williams Ⅲ A J 2007 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 37 1764
[81] [82] Jones N, Monismith S G 2008 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 38 1563
[83] [84] Gemmrich J R, Banner M L, Garrett C 2008 J. Phys. Oceanogr. 38 1296
[85]
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