斯格明子相关的螺旋磁有序体系的临界行为

张蕾

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180137

摘要

介绍了与斯格明子相关的螺旋磁有序体系的临界行为.首先阐述了连续相变中的临界现象、临界指数、标度律、普适性等概念；随后介绍了磁相变体系中几种临界指数的获得方法，包括直流磁性迭代法、磁熵变法；进而，分析了几类与斯格明子相关的螺旋磁有序体系的临界行为.MnSi是典型的斯格明子材料，临界指数显示其磁性行为符合三重临界行为.MnSi的临界行为揭示：外磁场可以抑制这一体系在零场下的一级相变，使其转变为二级相变，从而在螺旋磁有序、锥形磁有序、顺磁相的三相交汇点形成三重临界点.斯格明子体系FeGe和Cu2OSeO3的临界行为符合三维海森伯相互作用，表明它们的磁性行为主要是由近邻的各向同性的自旋耦合作用所决定；而Fe1-xCoxSi和新发现的斯格明子体系Fe1.5-xCoxRh0.5MoN的临界行为显示Co掺杂可以有效地调制其中的磁性耦合.对螺旋磁有序体系的临界行为研究表明，尽管这些体系都表现出类似的斯格明子态，但是它们的磁性耦合机制却大不相同，并且其耦合机制可以受到外界手段的调制.最后，根据普适性原理和标度方程，阐述了一种构建磁场诱导相变体系在临界温度附近H-T相图的方法.

关键词:

Abstract

Study of critical phenomena plays a key role in developing the theory of phase transition. In this article, we mainly review some new experimental results about the critical phenomena reported recently in the helimagentic ordering materials. These materials exhibit a kind of a vortex-like spin texture so-called skyrmion phase. The skyrmion phase has great potential applications in the new spin-based storage due to the topologically protected stability, nanometric size, and current-driven motion. Generally, the skyrmion state exists in a helimagentic system due to the DzyaloshinskiiMoriya (DM) interaction which forms in the crystal structure without inversion symmetry. It usually emerges just below the helimagentic phase transition temperature TC under a certain temperature and magnetic field. In this review article, firstly, we introduce some basic concepts about the phase transition, such as critical phenomenon, critical exponents, scaling law, and universality. Secondly, we discuss two different methods which can help us to obtain the critical exponents, i.e., the iteration method based on the isothermal dc-magnetization and the fitting technique based on the magnetic entropy change. Both methods are extensively used in the current study of critical phenomena Thirdly, we analyze and outline some latest studies of critical behaviors and critical exponents for several typical helimagnetic systems with skyrmion state, such as MnSi, FeGe, Cu2OSeO3, Fe1-xCoxSi, and Fe1.5-xCoxRh0.5MoN. The B20 compound MnSi is a typical skyrmion material, which undergoes a paramagnetic-to-helimagnetic phase transition at ~30.5 K and the skyrmion phase appears just below TC as an appropriate external magnetic field is applied. Investigations show that critical exponents of MnSi belong in the universality class of a tricritical mean-field model, implying the existence of a long-rang magnetic interaction in this system. The critical behavior of MnSi reveals that its first-order phase transition can be driven into a second-order phase transition by the action of external magnetic field, where a field-induced tricritical point is found among the helimagnetic, conical, and paramagnetic phases in MnSi system. Unlike MnSi, the critical exponent of the near-room-temperature skyrmion system FeGe, which undergoes a helimagentic phase transition at 278 K, belong to the three-dimensional Heisenberg model. The critical behavior of Cu2OSeO3 is similar to that of FeGe, which indicates that the magnetic interactions in these two systems are dominated by the short-range nearestneighbor isotropic magnetic coupling. In addition, studies revealed that magnetic interaction and critical behavior of the skyrmion system can be effectively modulated by doping. The critical exponents of Fe1-xCoxSi and the newly founded skyrmion system of Fe1.5-xCoxRh0.5MoN indicated that the doping concentration of Co can change and affect their critical behaviors. In addition, it was demonstrated that the doping of Co enhanced the anisotropic magnetic coupling in Fe1-xCoxSi while it suppressed that in Fe1.5-xCoxRh0.5MoN. Fourthly, according to the universality and the scaling equations, we proposed a method to construct the detailed H-T phase diagram around the phase transition temperature in the system exhibiting field-induced phase transition. Finally, we make a brief summary and suggest our perspectives of the study of critical phenomena in helimagentic system. The results of critical behaviors indicate that although all these helimagentic systems exhibit a similar skyrmion phase, their essential magnetic interactions belong in different universality classes, indicating different types of magnetic coupling in these systems. Furthermore, the results also suggest that magnetic coupling can also be effectively tuned by the external modulation.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

张蕾

1.
中国科学院强磁场科学中心, 极端条件凝聚态物理省重点实验室, 合肥 230031

通信作者: 张蕾, zhagnlei@hmfl.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（批准号：2017YFA0303201）、国家自然科学基金（批准号：11574322）和国家自然科学基金大科学装置联合基金（批准号：U1732276）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Zhang Lei

1.
Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Lei, zhagnlei@hmfl.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key RD Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 11574322, U1732276).

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施引文献

[1]	Mhlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Bni P 2009 Science 323 915
[2]	Seki S, Yu X Z, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198
[3]	Jiang W J, Chen G, Liu K, Zang J D, Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2017 Phys. Rep. 704 1
[4]	Zheng F S, Li H, Wang S S, Song D S, Jin C M, Wei W S, Kovcs A, Zang J D, Tian M L, Zhang Y H, Du H F, Dunin-Borkowski R E 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 197205
[5]	Munzer W, Neubauer A, Adams T, Muhlbauer S, Franz C, Jonietz F, Georgii R, Boni P, Pedersen B, Schmidt M, Rosch A, Pfleiderer C 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 041203
[6]	Rler U K, Bogdanov A N, Pfleiderer C 2006 Nature 442 797
[7]	Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature 456 901
[8]	Psaroudaki C, Hoffman S, Klinovaja J, Loss D 2017 Phys. Rev. X 7 041045
[9]	Kurumaji T, Nakajima T, Ukleev V, Feoktystov A, Arima T, Kakurai K, Tokura Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 237201
[10]	Kharkov Y A, Sushkov O P, Mostovoy M 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 207201
[11]	Jiang W J, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G Q, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O, Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2015 Science 349 283
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[13]	Soumyanarayanan A, Reyren N, Fert A, Panagopoulos C 2016 Nature 539 509
[14]	Zhang X C, Xia J, Zhou Y, Liu X X, Zhang H, Ezawa M 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1717
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[31]	Sonntag A, HermenauJ, Krause S, Wiesendanger R 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 077202
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