激光加速高能质子实验研究进展及新加速方案

马文君; 刘志鹏; 王鹏杰; 赵家瑞; 颜学庆

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20202115

摘要

利用超强激光与等离子体相互作用来加速高能离子是激光等离子体物理及加速器物理领域的研究热点. 经过了近20年的发展, 激光离子加速已取得丰硕成果, 催生了一批新的应用. 本文概述了国内外激光离子加速所取得的标志性实验研究进展, 围绕高能质子的产生这一关键问题进行了深入的探讨, 介绍了近几年来发展的有潜力的新加速方案.

关键词:

The acceleration of high-energy ions by the interaction of plasma with ultra-intense laser pulses is a frontier in the fields of laser plasma physics and accelerator physics. Laser-driven ion acceleration has achieved great success and triggered plenty of new applications after nearly twenty years’ development. This paper reviews the important experimental progress of laser-driven high-energy proton acceleration, discusses some critical issues that influence the acceleration. It also gives an introduction to new acceleration schemes developed in recent years, which promise to generate over 200 MeV protons.

Keywords:

laser-drive ion acceleration /
laser-driven acceleration experimental results /
laser-driven acceleration schemes /
laser plasma accelerator

作者及机构信息

1.
北京大学, 核物理与核技术国家重点实验室, 北京　100871

2.
北京激光加速创新中心, 北京　101407

3.
北京大学, 应用物理研究中心, 北京　100871

通信作者: 马文君, wenjun.ma@pku.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2019YFF01014402)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号: 61631001)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11775010)和国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(批准号: 11921006)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

2.
Beijing Laser Acceleration Innovation Center, Beijing 101407, China

3.
Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Corresponding author: Ma Wen-Jun, wenjun.ma@pku.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFF01014402), the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61631001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11775010), and the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11921006)

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施引文献

图 1 靶背鞘层场加速机制

Fig. 1. Target normal sheath acceleration regime.

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图 2 首次开展靶背鞘层场激光加速实验^[29]　(a) 靶背发射质子分布; (b) 质子能谱指数型分布

Fig. 2. First experiment of ion acceleration in the TNSA regime^[29]: (a) Distribution of proton emission from the rear target; (b) exponential energy spectra of accelerated protons.

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图 3 RPA机制获得的质子和碳离子能谱^[67]

Fig. 3. Energy spectra of protons and carbon ions accelerated in RPA regime^[67].

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图 4 RPA机制所获得的高能质子加速结果　(a) 飞秒激光加速最高能量与光强的关系^[74]; (b) 皮秒激光质子加速能谱^[16]

Fig. 4. Experimental results of laser-driven high-power protons in RPA regime: (a) Maximum proton energy as a function of on-target intensity of the femtosecond laser pulses^[74]; (b) energy spectrum of protons employing picosecond laser pulses^[16].

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图 5 CES加速实验^[94]　(a) 激波加速密度调制示意图; (b) 质子和碳的准单能峰分布

Fig. 5. Experiment of CES acceleration^[94]: (a) Experimental setup of collisionless electrostatic shock acceleration after tailoring the density profile of the plasma; (b) quasimonoenergetic protons and carbon ions in the spectra.

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图 6 双层靶加速实验^[107]　(a) 级联过程示意图; (b) 质子碳离子能谱分布

Fig. 6. Experiment laser-driven acceleration using a double-layer target ^[107]: (a) Schematic drawing of the cascaded acceleration process; (b) protons and carbon ions spectrum for: with CNF (black lines) and without (red lines).

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图 7 磁涡旋加速机制^[110]

Fig. 7. Magnetic vortex acceleration regime^[110].

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图 8 静电电容加速机制^[113]　(a) 加速原理; (b) 不同脉宽激光的三维PIC模拟结果

Fig. 8. Schematic of the electrostatic capacitance-type acceleration regime^[113]: (a) Principle of ions acceleration; (b) three dimensional PIC simulation results for three different pulse durations.

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图 9 多级TNSA加速方案^[114]　(a) 实验示意图; (b) 质子能谱分布

Fig. 9. Multi-stage TNSA acceleration^[114]: (a) Schematics of experimental setup; (b) energy spectra of the proton beams.

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图 10 微米管级联加速^[116]　(a) 微米管示意图; (b) 电荷分离场的形成

Fig. 10. Cascade acceleration with microtubes^[116]: (a) Schematic diagram of the scheme; (b) space-charge field irradiated by the CPA laser pulse.

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图 11 全光学离子加速级联方案^[118]　(a) 微米管对质子进行级联加速; (b) 质子截止能量演变过程

Fig. 11. All-optical cascaded ion acceleration scheme^[118]: (a) Post-acceleration of protons in microtubes irradiated by femtosecond laser; (b) time evolution of the maximum ion energy.

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图 12 螺旋管级联加速方案^[119]　(a) 脉冲电流沿螺线管传播; (b) 螺线管内部电场分布

Fig. 12. Schematic of the post-acceleration of ions in helical coils^[119]: (a) Propagation of electromagnetic pulse along the metallic wire; (b) schematic representation of laser-excited electric field inside the coils

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图 13 螺线管级联加速实验及模拟结果^[119]　(a) 质子能谱分布; (b) 质子束三维分布; (c) 两次级联加速模拟结果

Fig. 13. Experimental and simulated results of post-acceleration using helical coils^[119]: (a) Proton spectrum with and without the helical coils; (b) spatial profile of the ion beams; (c) proton spectra of the input proton source, after the single-stage and after the double-stage post acceleration.

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