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中国物理学会期刊

低横动量\varUpsilon(1 S)介子在强子气体中的分布

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20230990

Distribution of low-p_\rmT \varUpsilon(1 S) in hadron gas

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.72.20230990
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  • \varUpsilon(1S) 是高能重离子碰撞中的干净探针, 其研究具有重要意义. 强子气体中 \varUpsilon(1S) 的分布受到集体流、量子效应和强相互作用三种效应的影响. 此前的模型均只分析了其中一到两种效应而忽略了其他效应, 将忽略的效应放入到了拟合参数中. 本文从新的视角提出了两体分形模型, 从物理计算而非参数拟合的方法开展研究. 本文认为 \varUpsilon(1S) 与最相近的介子形成两体结构, 与介子内部的两夸克结构具有自相似性. 引入环境影响因子q_\rmfqs来描述上述三种效应影响; 引入伴随因子 q_2 来描述 b, \barb 之间的相互作用和上述三种效应的影响. 通过求解概率与熵方程, 得到不同碰撞条件下q_\rmfqs q_2 的值. 将q_\rmfqs代入到分布函数中, 得到低横动量区的横动量谱并与实验对比, 结果表明理论与实验符合良好. 还分析了q_\rmfqs随温度的变化关系, 并发现q_\rmfqs > 1, 这是由环境效应减少了 \varUpsilon(1S) 的微观状态数所致. 另外, 计算显示q_\rmfqs随着系统温度的降低而减小, 这与随着系统膨胀强子气体影响减弱的现象相一致.

     

    The \varUpsilon(1S) meson serves as a reliable probe in heavy-ion collisions, as the regeneration process in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is negligible compared to J/\psi . Therefore, the distribution of \varUpsilon(1S) in the hadron gas provides valuable information about the QGP. Consequently, its study holds great significance. The distribution in the hadron gas is influenced by flow, quantum, and strong interaction effects. Previous models have predominantly focused on one or two of these effects while neglecting the others, resulting in the inclusion of unconsidered effects in the fitted parameters. In this paper, we aim to comprehensively examine all three effects simultaneously from a novel fractal perspective through physical calculations, rather than relying solely on data fitting. Close to the critical temperature, the combined action of the three effects leads to the formation of a two-meson structure comprising \varUpsilon(1S) and its nearest neighboring meson. However, with the evolution of the system, most of these states undergo disintegration. To describe this physical process, we establish a two-particle fractal (TPF) model. Our model proposes that, under the influence of the three effects near the critical temperature, a self-similarity structure emerges, involving a \varUpsilon(1S) -π two-meson state and a \varUpsilon(1S) -π two-quark state. As the system evolves, the two-meson structure gradually disintegrates. We introduce an influencing factor, q_\rmfqs , to account for the flow, quantum, and strong interaction effects, as well as an escort factor, q_2 , to represent the binding force between b and \barb and the combined impact of the three effects. By solving the probability and entropy equations, we derive the values of q_\rmfqs and q_2 at various collision energies. Substituting the value of q_\rmfqs into the distribution function, we successfully obtain the transverse momentum spectrum of low- p_\rmT \varUpsilon(1S) , which demonstrates good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, we analyze the evolution of q_\rmfqs with temperature. Interestingly, we observe that q_\rmfqs is greater than 1 and decreases as the temperature decreases. This behavior arises from the fact that the three effects reduce the number of microstates, leading to q_\rmfqs>1 . The decrease in q_\rmfqs with system evolution aligns with the understanding that the influence of the three effects diminishes as the system expands. In the future, the TPF model can be employed to investigate other mesons and resonance states.

     

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