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集成光量子计算的研究进展

周文豪 王耀 翁文康 金贤敏

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集成光量子计算的研究进展

周文豪, 王耀, 翁文康, 金贤敏

Research progress of integrated optical quantum computing

Zhou Wen-Hao, Wang Yao, Weng Wen-Kang, Jin Xian-Min
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  • 基于量子力学的叠加和纠缠等性质, 量子计算具备超越经典计算机的强大计算能力. 光子作为一种高效信息载体, 具有传输速度快、操控性高及相干时间长的优点, 是实现量子计算的一个理想物理平台. 集成光量子技术, 使得我们在微型结构上便能够稳定地实现光量子态的产生、处理和探测. 近年来, 随着新兴的集成光量子技术的快速发展, 集成光量子计算的实验复杂度和规模在不断提高, 并成功模拟和解决了复杂的物理和计算问题. 为此, 本综述总结了近年来集成光量子计算的技术进展, 包括各类集成光量子实验平台, 并讨论了基于集成光量子平台实现的量子行走实验范例. 最后, 我们亦简述了基于光量子行走而实现的量子算法和量子模拟的方案.
    Quantum computing, based on the inherent superposition and entanglement properties of quantum states, can break through the limits of classical computing power. However, under the present technical conditions, the number of qubits that can be manipulated is still limited. In addition, the preparation of high-precision quantum gates and additional quantum error correction systems requires more auxiliary bits, which leads to extra cost. Therefore, it seems to be a long-term goal to realize a universal fault-tolerant quantum computer.The development of analog quantum computing is a transition path that can be used to simulate many-body physics problems. Quantum walk, as the quantum counterpart of classical random walks, is a research hotspot in analog quantum computing. Owing to the unique quantum superposition characteristics, quantum walk exhibits the ballistic transport properties of outward diffusion, so quantum walk provides acceleration in computing power for various algorithms. Based on quantum walk, different computing models are derived to deal with practical physical problems in different fields, such as biology, physics, economics, and computer science.A large number of technical routes are devoted to the experiments on realizing quantum walk, including optical fiber networks, superconducting systems, nuclear magnetic resonance systems, and trapped ion atom systems. Among these routes, photons are considered as the reliable information carriers in the experiments on quantum walking due to their controllability, long coherence time. and fast speed.Therefore, in this review, we focus on different quantum walk theories and experimental implementations in optical versions, such as traditional optical platforms, optical fiber platforms, and integrated optical quantum platform. In recent years, the rapid development of integrated optical quantum platforms has driven the experiments on quantum walk to move towards the stage of integration and miniaturization, and at the same time, the experimental scale and the number of qubits have gradually increased.To this end, we summarize the technological progress of integrated optical quantum computing, including various integrated optical quantum experimental platforms and their applications. Secondly, we specifically discuss the experiment on quantum walk and practical applications based on integrated optical quantum platforms. Finally, we briefly describe other quantum algorithms and corresponding experimental implementations.These quantum computing schemes provide computational speedups for specific physical problems. In the future, with the further development of integrated optical quantum technology, along with the increase in the number of controllable qubits and the realization of the supporting quantum error correction system, a larger-scale many-body physical system can be constructed to further expand these algorithms and move towards the field of optical quantum computing, a new stage.
      通信作者: 翁文康, yung@sustech.edu.cn ; 金贤敏, xianmin.jin@sjtu.edu.cn
    • 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2019YFA0308700, 2019YFA0706302, 2017YFA0303700)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11904229, 61734005, 11761141014, 11690033)、上海市科学技术委员会(批准号: 20JC1416300, 2019SHZDZX01)和上海市教育委员会(批准号: 2017-01-07-00-02-E00049)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Weng Wen-Kang, yung@sustech.edu.cn ; Jin Xian-Min, xianmin.jin@sjtu.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2019YFA0308700, 2019YFA0706302, 2017YFA0303700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11904229, 61734005, 11761141014, 11690033), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (Grant Nos. 20JC1416300, 2019SHZDZX01), and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, China (Grant No. 2017-01-07-00-02-E00049).
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  • 图 1  (a)离散时间量子行走, 图片来自文献[22]; (b)连续时间量子行走, 图片来自文献[23]

    Fig. 1.  (a) Discrete-time quantum walks, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [22]; (b) continuous-time quantum walks, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [23].

    图 2  不同的集成光量子平台 (a)硅基平台, 图片来自文献[40]; (b)硅基二氧化硅平台, 图片来自文献[41]; (c)飞秒激光直写平台, 图片来自文献[42]; (d) UV直写平台, 图片来自文献[43]

    Fig. 2.  Different integrated optical quantum platforms: (a) Silicon-on-insulator platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [40]; (b) silica-on-silicon platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [41]; (c) femtosecond laser direct writing platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [42]; (d) UV direct writing platform, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [43].

    图 3  不同波导结构图 (a) 一维波导阵列, 图来自文献[53]; (b) 椭圆型波导阵列, 图来自文献[55]; (c) 三维波导结构, 图来自文献[56]; (d) “十字”波导阵列, 图来自文献[57].

    Fig. 3.  Different waveguide structures: (a) One-dimensional waveguide array, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [53]; (b) elliptical waveguide array, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [55]; (c) three-dimensional waveguide structure, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [56]; (d) “cross” waveguide array, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [57].

    图 4  光子芯片上的二维量子行走. 图来自文献[58]

    Fig. 4.  Two-dimensional quantum walks on a photonic chip, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [58].

    图 5  关联光子对的二维量子行走. 图来自文献[59]

    Fig. 5.  Two-dimensional quantum walks of correlated photons, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [59].

    图 6  利用偏振作为额外的合成维度, 图来自文献[60]

    Fig. 6.  Using polarization as an additional synthetic dimension. The picture is reproduced from the Ref. [60].

    图 7  量子行走用于模拟光合作用中的能量转移过程, 图来自文献[66]

    Fig. 7.  Quantum walks in photosynthetic energy transfer, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [66].

    图 8  与非逻辑树问题, 图来自文献[73]

    Fig. 8.  Nand tree problem, the picture is reproduced from the Ref. [73].

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-09-12
  • 修回日期:  2022-10-11
  • 上网日期:  2022-10-21
  • 刊出日期:  2022-12-24

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