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The strain effects on the intercalation potentials of LiMnO2 and Li2MnO3 are investigated by the first principles method, and the relationship between the intercalation potential and the strain is given in the form of elastic response. All the modes of strain reduce the intercalation potential and the effect is anisotropic. Most of the single modes reduce the potential by less than 0.1 V when the strains are 5%. The bonding between the host layers is rather sensitive to the strain perpendicular to the host layer when the lithium vacancy left by lithium extraction is in the lithium layer, thus that strain brings more reduction to the intercalation potential; whereas for the Li2MnO3 system when lithium is extracted form the transition metal layer, the strain along the host layer brings more reduction to the potential. For the Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) solid solution system, the strain can keep the voltage of the high potential charging stage lower than the cut-off voltage, and open up the migrating pathway of lithium in the transition metal layer, therefore the charging can last a long time and larger charging capacity is achieved.
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Keywords:
- intercalation potential /
- strain /
- elastic constant /
- Li2MnO3
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[1] Ellis B L, Lee K T, Nazar L F 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 691
[2] Goodenough J B, Kim Y 2010 Chem. Mater. 22 587
[3] Tarascon J M, Armand M 2001 Nature 414 359
[4] Johnson C S, Li N C, Lefief C, Thackeray M M 2007 Electrochem. Commun. 9 787
[5] Thackeray M M, Kang S H, Johnson C S, Vaughey J T, Benedek R, Hackney S A 2007 J. Mater. Chem. 17 3112
[6] Thackeray M M, Johnson C S, Vaughey J T, Li N, Hackney S A 2005 J. Mater. Chem. 15 2257
[7] Striebel K A, Sierra A, Shim J, Wang C W, Sastry A M 2004 J. Power Sources 134 241
[8] Gnanaraj J S, Cohen Y S, Levi M D, Aurbach D 2001 J. Electroanal. Chem. 516 89
[9] Meethong N, Huang H S, Speakman S A, Carter W C, Chiang Y M 2007 Adv. Funct. Mater. 17 1115
[10] Chung K Y, Kim K B 2004 Electrochim. Acta 49 3327
[11] Koyama Y, Chin T E, Rhyner U, Holman R K, Hall S R, Chiang Y M 2006 Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 492
[12] Aydinol M K, Kohan A F, Ceder G, Cho K, Joannopoulos J 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 1354
[13] Zhou F, Cococcioni M, Marianetti C A, Morgan D, Ceder G 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 2351211
[14] Chevrier V L, Ong S P, Armiento R, Chan M K Y, Ceder G 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 0751221
[15] Fast L, Wills J M, Johansson B, Eriksson O 1995 Phys. Rev. B 51 17431
[16] Ru Q, Hu S J, Zhao L Z 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 036301 (in Chinese) [汝强, 胡社军, 赵灵智 2011 物理学报 60 036301]
[17] Wang Y J 1966 Acta Phys. Sin. 22 214 (in Chinese) [汪永江 1966 物理学报 22 214]
[18] Hohenberg P, Kohn W 1964 Phys. Rev. 136 B864
[19] Kohn W, Sham L J 1965 Phys. Rev. 140 A 1133
[20] Kresse G, Furthmüller J 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 11169
[21] Blöchl P E 1994 Phys. Rev. B 50 17953
[22] Hua X, Chen X, Goddard W A 1997 Phys. Rev. B 55 16103
[23] Perdew J P, Burke K, Ernzerhof M 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1396
[24] Anisimov V I, Zaanen J, Andersen O K 1991 Phys. Rev. B 44 943
[25] Cococcioni M, de Gironcoli S 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 0351051
[26] Koyama Y, Tanaka I, Nagao M, Kanno R 2009 J. Power Sources 189 798
[27] Armstrong A R, Bruce P G 1996 Nature 381 499
[28] Boulineau A, Croguennec L, Delmas C, Weill F 2010 Solid State Ionics 180 1652
[29] Felice R A, Trivisonno J, Schuele D E 1977 Phys. Rev. B 16 5173
[30] Pacalo R E, Graham E K 1991 Phys. Chem. Miner. 18 69
[31] Piszora P 2007 Z. Kristallogr. 387
[32] Zhang Y, Lv G H, Dong S H, Wang T M 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2901 (in Chinese) [张颖, 吕广宏, 邓胜华, 王天民 2006 物理学报 55 2901]
[33] Wu Y, Manthiram A 2009 Solid State Ionics 180 50
[34] Liu J, Reeja-Jayan B, Manthiram A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. C 114 9528
[35] Johnson C S, Li N C, Lefief C, Vaughey J T, Thackeray M M 2008 Chem. Mater. 20 6095
[36] Meng Y S, Arroyo-de Dompablo M E 2009 Energ. Environ. Sci. 2 589
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