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In this paper, the evolution of the He-related defects in the titanium film is experimentally investigated by combining slow positron beam analysis (SPBA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) technique. The results indicate that small bubbles in the titanium film distribute uniformly at room temperature. With the increment of He concentration, the density of He bubbles in the sample increases correspondingly. Large bubbles are observed in the titanium film containing high He concentration after 973 K high temperature annealing, and it is found that both migration-coalescence and cascade-coalescence around the bigger He bubbles lead to the rapid growth of He bubbles.
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Keywords:
- helium bubble /
- titanium film /
- slow positron beam /
- cascade coalescence
[1] Ullmaier H 1983 Radiat. Eff. 78 1
[2] Jager W, Lasser R, Schober T, Thomas G J 1983 Radiat. Eff. 78 165
[3] Zhang C H, Chen K Q, Wang Y S, Sun J G 2001 Nucl. Phys. Rev. 18 50 (in Chinese) [张崇宏, 陈克勤, 王引书, 孙继光 2001 原子核物理评论 18 50]
[4] Adams A J, Wolfer W G 1988 J. Nucl. Mater. 158 25
[5] Thomas G J 1983 Radiat. Eff. 78 37
[6] Zhang C H, Chen K Q, Wang Y S, Sun J G 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 1774 (in Chinese) [张崇宏, 陈克勤, 王引书, 孙继光 1997 物理学报 46 1774]
[7] Liu C Z 2007 Ph.D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Fudan University) (in Chinese) [刘超卓 2007 博士学位论文 (上海: 复旦大学)]
[8] Trinkaus H, Singh B N 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 323 229
[9] Zhang L, Wang P X, TaoR, Ma R Z, Zhang G G 1992 Acta Meta. Sin. 28 521 (in Chinese) [张镭, 王佩璇, 陶蓉, 马如璋, 张国光 1992 金属学报 28 521]
[10] Hou Q, Zhou Y L, Wang J, Deng A H 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 084901
[11] Liu C Z, Shi L Q, Zhou Z Y, Hao X P, Wang B Y, Liu S, Wang L B 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 2150
[12] Liu C Z, Zhou Z Y, Shi L Q, Wang B Y, Hao X P, Zhao G Q 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2357
[13] Wang S J, Chen Z Q, Wang B, Wu Y C, Fang P F, Zhang Y X 2008 Applied Position Spectroscopy (1st Ed.) (Wuhai: Hubei Science and Technology press) p40 (in Chinese) [王少阶, 陈志权, 王波, 吴奕初, 方鹏飞, 张永学 2008 应用正电子谱学(第一版) (武汉:湖北科学技术出版社) 第40页]
[14] Wang P X, Song J S 2002 Helium in Materials and the Permeation of Tritium (Beijing: National Defence Industry Press) p11 (in Chinese) [王佩璇, 宋家树 2002 材料中的氦及氚渗透 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第 13页]
[15] Jeffries J R, Wall M A, Moore K T, Schwartz A J 2011 J. Nucl. Mater. 410 84
[16] Yu H B, Liu S, Hu K Y, Wang L B, Rong L J 2005 At. Energ. 39 530 (in Chinese) [于洪波, 刘实, 胡魁义, 王隆保, 戎利建 2005 原子能科学技术 39 530]
[17] Li Y, Deng A H, Zhou Y L, Zhou B, Wang K, Hou Q, Shi L Q, Qin X B, Wang B Y 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 047801
[18] Veen A, Schut H, Vries J De, Hakvoort R A, IJpma M R 1990 AIP Conf. Proc, 218 171
[19] Shedden B A, Samandi M, Window B 1997 Surf. Coat. Technol. 97 557
[20] Li L, Wu W, Jin Y Z, Yu Y 2009 J. Xihua. University 28 93 (in Chinese) [李丽, 吴卫, 金永中, 于越 2009 西华大学学报 28 93]
[21] Zhou B, Deng A H, Zhang L R, Zhou Y L, Li Y, Chen Y 2011 J. Sichuan University 48 1371(in Chinese) [周冰, 邓爱红, 张丽然, 周宇璐, 李悦, 陈燕 2011 四川大学学报 48 1371]
[22] Chen Z Q, Kawasuso A 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 4353 (in Chinese) [陈志权, 何裾厚男 2006 物理学报 55 4353]
[23] Golubov S I, Stoller R E, Zinkle S J, Ovcharenko A M 2007 J. Nucl. Mater. 361 149
[24] Klemens P G, Cort B 1997 J. Alloy Compd. 252 157
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[1] Ullmaier H 1983 Radiat. Eff. 78 1
[2] Jager W, Lasser R, Schober T, Thomas G J 1983 Radiat. Eff. 78 165
[3] Zhang C H, Chen K Q, Wang Y S, Sun J G 2001 Nucl. Phys. Rev. 18 50 (in Chinese) [张崇宏, 陈克勤, 王引书, 孙继光 2001 原子核物理评论 18 50]
[4] Adams A J, Wolfer W G 1988 J. Nucl. Mater. 158 25
[5] Thomas G J 1983 Radiat. Eff. 78 37
[6] Zhang C H, Chen K Q, Wang Y S, Sun J G 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 1774 (in Chinese) [张崇宏, 陈克勤, 王引书, 孙继光 1997 物理学报 46 1774]
[7] Liu C Z 2007 Ph.D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Fudan University) (in Chinese) [刘超卓 2007 博士学位论文 (上海: 复旦大学)]
[8] Trinkaus H, Singh B N 2003 J. Nucl. Mater. 323 229
[9] Zhang L, Wang P X, TaoR, Ma R Z, Zhang G G 1992 Acta Meta. Sin. 28 521 (in Chinese) [张镭, 王佩璇, 陶蓉, 马如璋, 张国光 1992 金属学报 28 521]
[10] Hou Q, Zhou Y L, Wang J, Deng A H 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 084901
[11] Liu C Z, Shi L Q, Zhou Z Y, Hao X P, Wang B Y, Liu S, Wang L B 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 2150
[12] Liu C Z, Zhou Z Y, Shi L Q, Wang B Y, Hao X P, Zhao G Q 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2357
[13] Wang S J, Chen Z Q, Wang B, Wu Y C, Fang P F, Zhang Y X 2008 Applied Position Spectroscopy (1st Ed.) (Wuhai: Hubei Science and Technology press) p40 (in Chinese) [王少阶, 陈志权, 王波, 吴奕初, 方鹏飞, 张永学 2008 应用正电子谱学(第一版) (武汉:湖北科学技术出版社) 第40页]
[14] Wang P X, Song J S 2002 Helium in Materials and the Permeation of Tritium (Beijing: National Defence Industry Press) p11 (in Chinese) [王佩璇, 宋家树 2002 材料中的氦及氚渗透 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第 13页]
[15] Jeffries J R, Wall M A, Moore K T, Schwartz A J 2011 J. Nucl. Mater. 410 84
[16] Yu H B, Liu S, Hu K Y, Wang L B, Rong L J 2005 At. Energ. 39 530 (in Chinese) [于洪波, 刘实, 胡魁义, 王隆保, 戎利建 2005 原子能科学技术 39 530]
[17] Li Y, Deng A H, Zhou Y L, Zhou B, Wang K, Hou Q, Shi L Q, Qin X B, Wang B Y 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 047801
[18] Veen A, Schut H, Vries J De, Hakvoort R A, IJpma M R 1990 AIP Conf. Proc, 218 171
[19] Shedden B A, Samandi M, Window B 1997 Surf. Coat. Technol. 97 557
[20] Li L, Wu W, Jin Y Z, Yu Y 2009 J. Xihua. University 28 93 (in Chinese) [李丽, 吴卫, 金永中, 于越 2009 西华大学学报 28 93]
[21] Zhou B, Deng A H, Zhang L R, Zhou Y L, Li Y, Chen Y 2011 J. Sichuan University 48 1371(in Chinese) [周冰, 邓爱红, 张丽然, 周宇璐, 李悦, 陈燕 2011 四川大学学报 48 1371]
[22] Chen Z Q, Kawasuso A 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 4353 (in Chinese) [陈志权, 何裾厚男 2006 物理学报 55 4353]
[23] Golubov S I, Stoller R E, Zinkle S J, Ovcharenko A M 2007 J. Nucl. Mater. 361 149
[24] Klemens P G, Cort B 1997 J. Alloy Compd. 252 157
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