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The mode coupling and energy transfer are studied by considering the influences of variation in topography on sound energy transmission and structures of interference in a range-dependent waveguide. A larger level-stepped coupled mode model and a three-dimensional coupled mode model for the wedge bottom are obtained such that the mode coupling and energy transfer may be analyzed efficiently and rapidly. According to the coupled mode models, the transfer of energy is expounded for the forward pressure field in the waveguide with varying topography. Meanwhile, the mechanism is explained by the ray-mode theory for variation of energy distribution caused by variation of topography. Numerical simulations show that the coupling between normal modes and the energy transfer may occur remarkably when the imaginary parts of eigenvalues take on a huge modification, and the propagation direction of sound field will be changed to the increasing direction of sea depth due to variation of topography. In the energy transfer and the modification of propagation direction, the energy of sound field tends to remain in the waveguide, rather than to leak to the seafloor. Meanwhile, the energy distribution will be affected by the compression or sparseness so that interference structures such as ellipse, will be produced.
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Keywords:
- mode coupling /
- energy transfer /
- range-dependent waveguide
[1] Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (2nd Ed.) (New York: Springer)
[2] Wang D Z, Shang E C 2013 Underwater Acoustics (2nd Ed) (Beijing: Science Press) p59 (in Chinese) [王德昭, 尚尔昌2013水声学(第二版) (北京: 科学出版社)第59页]
[3] Lin W S, Liang G L, Fu J, Zhang G P 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 144301 (in Chinese) [林旺生, 梁国龙, 付进, 张光普 2013 物理学报 62 144301]
[4] Pierce A D 1965 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37 19
[5] Milder D M 1969 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46 1259
[6] Abawi A T, Kuperman W A, Collins M D 1997 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 233
[7] Peng Z H, Li F H 2001 Sci. Cina. Ser A 31 165 (in Chinese) [彭朝晖, 李风华2001中国科学A辑 31 165]
[8] Peng Z H, Zhang R H 2005 Acta Acustica. 30 97 (in Chinese) [彭朝晖, 张仁和2005声学学报 30 97]
[9] Stotts S A 2008 J. Com. Acoust. 16 225
[10] Evans R B 1983 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74 188
[11] Luo W Y 2012 Sci. Cina-Phys. Mech. Astron. 55 572
[12] Yang C M, Luo W Y 2012 Acta Acustica. 37 465 (in Chinese) [杨春梅, 骆文于2012声学学报 37 465]
[13] Luo W Y, Yang C M, Qin J X, Zhang R H 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 054301
[14] Yang C M, Luo W Y, Zhang R H, Qin J X 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 094302 (in Chinese) [杨春梅, 骆文于, 张仁和, 秦继兴 2013 物理学报 62 094302]
[15] Luo W Y, Yang C M, Zhang R H 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 014302
[16] Qin J X, Luo W Y, Zhang R H, Yang C M 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 074301
[17] Luo W Y, Schmidt H 2009 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125 52
[18] Luo W Y 2011 Sci. Cina-Phys. Mech. Astron. 54 1562
[19] Fawcett J A 1992 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92 290
[20] Godin O A 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 159
[21] Wang N 2004 J. Ocean. Univ. China 34 821 (in Chinese) [王宁2004中国海洋大学学报 34 821]
[22] McDonald B E, Collins M D, Kuperman W A, Heaney K D 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 2357
[23] Ballard M S 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 2578
[24] Ballard M S 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 1969
[25] Collins M D 1993 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94 975
[26] Lamb H 1904 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 203 1
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[1] Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (2nd Ed.) (New York: Springer)
[2] Wang D Z, Shang E C 2013 Underwater Acoustics (2nd Ed) (Beijing: Science Press) p59 (in Chinese) [王德昭, 尚尔昌2013水声学(第二版) (北京: 科学出版社)第59页]
[3] Lin W S, Liang G L, Fu J, Zhang G P 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 144301 (in Chinese) [林旺生, 梁国龙, 付进, 张光普 2013 物理学报 62 144301]
[4] Pierce A D 1965 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 37 19
[5] Milder D M 1969 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 46 1259
[6] Abawi A T, Kuperman W A, Collins M D 1997 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102 233
[7] Peng Z H, Li F H 2001 Sci. Cina. Ser A 31 165 (in Chinese) [彭朝晖, 李风华2001中国科学A辑 31 165]
[8] Peng Z H, Zhang R H 2005 Acta Acustica. 30 97 (in Chinese) [彭朝晖, 张仁和2005声学学报 30 97]
[9] Stotts S A 2008 J. Com. Acoust. 16 225
[10] Evans R B 1983 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74 188
[11] Luo W Y 2012 Sci. Cina-Phys. Mech. Astron. 55 572
[12] Yang C M, Luo W Y 2012 Acta Acustica. 37 465 (in Chinese) [杨春梅, 骆文于2012声学学报 37 465]
[13] Luo W Y, Yang C M, Qin J X, Zhang R H 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 054301
[14] Yang C M, Luo W Y, Zhang R H, Qin J X 2013 Acta. Phys. Sin. 62 094302 (in Chinese) [杨春梅, 骆文于, 张仁和, 秦继兴 2013 物理学报 62 094302]
[15] Luo W Y, Yang C M, Zhang R H 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 014302
[16] Qin J X, Luo W Y, Zhang R H, Yang C M 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 074301
[17] Luo W Y, Schmidt H 2009 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125 52
[18] Luo W Y 2011 Sci. Cina-Phys. Mech. Astron. 54 1562
[19] Fawcett J A 1992 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92 290
[20] Godin O A 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 159
[21] Wang N 2004 J. Ocean. Univ. China 34 821 (in Chinese) [王宁2004中国海洋大学学报 34 821]
[22] McDonald B E, Collins M D, Kuperman W A, Heaney K D 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 2357
[23] Ballard M S 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 2578
[24] Ballard M S 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 1969
[25] Collins M D 1993 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94 975
[26] Lamb H 1904 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 203 1
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