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Matched-field replica vector should be calculated using parabolic equation in a range-dependent waveguide, this means that the matched-field localization is too computationally intensive, hence its engineering application is seriously hindered. A virtual time-reversal method for passive source localization for a range-dependent waveguide is presented. The number of parabolic equation computational grids in virtual time-reversal method is much smaller than that in matched-field processing for a range-dependent waveguide. Thus, the computational cost can be greatly reduced. Different from the matched-field processing, the virtual time-reversal method is a back-propagation process, which explores and utilizes the properties of reciprocity and superposition. It can be realized by weighting the replica surface with the complex conjugate of the data received on the corresponding element, followed by a summation of the processed received data. This performance of virtual time-reversal method for source localization is validated through numerical simulations and data from the Mediterranean Sea.
[1] Tolstoy A 1993 Matched field processing for underwater acoustics (Singapore: World Scientific) p10-12
[2] Baggeroer A B, Kuperman W A, Mikhalevsky P N 1993 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 18 401
[3] Yang K D 2008 Matched-Field Processing for Underwater Acoustic Array Signals (Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press) p165-167 (in Chinese) [杨坤德2008水声阵列信号的匹配场处理(西安: 西北工业大学出版社)第165–167页]
[4] Li Z L, Zhang R H, Yan J, Peng Z H, Li F H 2003 Acta Acustica 28 425 (in Chinese) [李整林, 张仁和, 鄢锦, 彭朝辉, 李风华2002声学学报 28 425]
[5] Liu Z W, Sun C, Xiang L F, Yi F 2014 Acta Phy. Sin. 63 034304 (in Chinese) [刘宗伟, 孙超, 向龙凤, 易锋 2014 物理学报 63 034304]
[6] Jackson D R, Dowling D R 1991 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89 171
[7] Kuperman W A, Hodgkiss W S, Song H C, Akal T, Ferla C, Jackson D R 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 25
[8] Dungan M R, Dowling D R 2002 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112 1842
[9] Yang C M, Luo W Y, Zhang R H, Qin j X 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 94302
[10] Zhang R H, Li F H 1999 Science in China, Ser. A 42 739
[11] Katsnelson B G, Petnikov V G 2002 Shallow-Water Acoustics (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) p4-6
[12] Zhou S H, Qi Y B, Ren Y 2014 Sci China-Phys Mech Astron 57 225
[13] Qi Y B, Zhou S H, Zhang R H, Zhang B, Ren Y 2014 Acta Phy. Sin. 63 044303 (in Chinese) [戚聿波, 周士弘, 张仁和, 张波, 任云 2014 物理学报 63 044303]
[14] Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (New York: Springer) p457-523
[15] Yan S F, Ma Y L 2004 Chin. Sci. Bull. 49 2220
[16] Collins M D 1991 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89 1050
[17] Collins M D 1992 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92 2069
[18] Duan R, Yang K D, Ma Y L, Lei B 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 124301
[19] Gingras D F, Gerstoft P 1995 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 3589
[20] Gerstoft P, Gingras D F 1996 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99 2839
[21] Krolik J L 1996 IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing 44 2605
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[1] Tolstoy A 1993 Matched field processing for underwater acoustics (Singapore: World Scientific) p10-12
[2] Baggeroer A B, Kuperman W A, Mikhalevsky P N 1993 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 18 401
[3] Yang K D 2008 Matched-Field Processing for Underwater Acoustic Array Signals (Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press) p165-167 (in Chinese) [杨坤德2008水声阵列信号的匹配场处理(西安: 西北工业大学出版社)第165–167页]
[4] Li Z L, Zhang R H, Yan J, Peng Z H, Li F H 2003 Acta Acustica 28 425 (in Chinese) [李整林, 张仁和, 鄢锦, 彭朝辉, 李风华2002声学学报 28 425]
[5] Liu Z W, Sun C, Xiang L F, Yi F 2014 Acta Phy. Sin. 63 034304 (in Chinese) [刘宗伟, 孙超, 向龙凤, 易锋 2014 物理学报 63 034304]
[6] Jackson D R, Dowling D R 1991 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89 171
[7] Kuperman W A, Hodgkiss W S, Song H C, Akal T, Ferla C, Jackson D R 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 25
[8] Dungan M R, Dowling D R 2002 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112 1842
[9] Yang C M, Luo W Y, Zhang R H, Qin j X 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 94302
[10] Zhang R H, Li F H 1999 Science in China, Ser. A 42 739
[11] Katsnelson B G, Petnikov V G 2002 Shallow-Water Acoustics (Berlin: Springer-Verlag) p4-6
[12] Zhou S H, Qi Y B, Ren Y 2014 Sci China-Phys Mech Astron 57 225
[13] Qi Y B, Zhou S H, Zhang R H, Zhang B, Ren Y 2014 Acta Phy. Sin. 63 044303 (in Chinese) [戚聿波, 周士弘, 张仁和, 张波, 任云 2014 物理学报 63 044303]
[14] Jensen F B, Kuperman W A, Porter M B, Schmidt H 2011 Computational Ocean Acoustics (New York: Springer) p457-523
[15] Yan S F, Ma Y L 2004 Chin. Sci. Bull. 49 2220
[16] Collins M D 1991 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89 1050
[17] Collins M D 1992 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 92 2069
[18] Duan R, Yang K D, Ma Y L, Lei B 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 124301
[19] Gingras D F, Gerstoft P 1995 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 3589
[20] Gerstoft P, Gingras D F 1996 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99 2839
[21] Krolik J L 1996 IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing 44 2605
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