Recent experimental progress in low-dimensional superconductors

Zhang Xi; Liu Chao-Fei; Wang Jian

doi:10.7498/aps.64.217405

Abstract

Superconductivity is one of the most important research fields in condensed matter physics. The rapid development of material preparation technology in last few years has made the experimental study of low-dimensional physical superconducting properties feasible. This article gives a brief introduction on superconductivity and technology of low-dimensional material fabrication, and mainly focuses on the experimental progress in electrical transport studies on one-and two-dimensional superconductors, especially the results from our group. As for one-dimensional superconductivity, we review the superconductivities in single crystal Bi nanowires, crystalline Pb nano-belts, and amorphous W nanobelts, and the proximity effects in superconducting nanowires, metallic nanowires, and ferromagnetic nanowires. Surface superconductivity is revealed for crystalline Bi nanowire. The step-like voltage platforms in V-I curves are observed in Pb nano-belts and may be attributed to phase slip centers. Besides, vortex glass (VG) phase transition is discovered in amorphous W nano-belts. Inverse proximity effect is detected in crystalline Pb nanowires with normal electrodes, and proximity induced mini-gap is found in crystalline Au nanowire with superconducting electrodes. Furthermore, in crystalline ferromagnetic Co nanowire contacted by superconducting electrodes, unconventional long range proximity effect is observed. As for two-dimensional superconductivity, we review the superconductivities in Pb thin films on Si substrates, 2 atomic layer Ga films on GaN substrates, and one-unit-cell thick FeSe film on STO substrates grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method. By both in situ scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and ex situ transport and magnetization measurements, the two-atomic-layer Ga film with graphene-like structure on wide band-gap semiconductor GaN is found to be superconducting with Tc up to 5.4 K. By direct transport and magnetic measurements, the strong evidences for high temperature superconductivities in the 1-UC FeSe films on insulating STO substrates with the onset Tc and critical current density much higher than those for bulk FeSe are revealed. Finally, we give a summary and present a perspective on the future of low dimensional superconductors.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
International Center for Quantum Material, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China

Corresponding author: Wang Jian, jianwangphysics@pku.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB934600, 2012CB921300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11222434, 11174007), and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (RFDP) of China.

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Cited By

[1]	Meissner W, Ochsenfeld R 1933 Naturwissenschaften 21 787
[2]	Tinkham M 1996 Introduction to Superconductivity (2nd Ed.) (New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.) pp43-108
[3]	Landau L D, Ginzburg V I 1950 Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 20 546
[4]	Singh M, Wang J, Tian M L, Mallouk T E, Chan M H W 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 220506
[5]	Singh M, Wang J, Tian M L, Zhang Q, Pereira A, Kumar N, Mallouk T E, Chan M H W 2009 Chem. Mater. 21 5557
[6]	Jose V J V 2013 40 Years of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Theory (Singapore: World Scientific)
[7]	Bera D, Kuiry S C, Seal S 2004 Jom 56 49
[8]	Lee W, Ji R, Gösele U, Nielsch K 2006 Nature Mater. 5 741
[9]	Liu Y, Allen R E 1995 Phys. Rev. B 52 1566
[10]	Overcash D R, Ratnam B A, Skove M J, Stillwell E P 1980 Phys. Rev. Lett. 44 1348
[11]	Hoffman R A, Frankl D R 1971 Phys. Rev. B 3 1825
[12]	Yang F Y, Liu K, Hong K, Reich D H, Searson P C, Chien C L 1999 Science 284 1335
[13]	Zhang Z, Sun X, Dresselhaus M S, Ying J Y, Heremans J 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 4850
[14]	Wells J W, Dil J H, Meier F, Lobo-Checa J, Petrov V N, Osterwalder J, Ugeda M M, Fernandez-Torrente I, Pascual J I, Rienks E D L, Jensen M F, Hofmann Ph 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 096802
[15]	Nikolaeva A, Gitsu D, Konopko L, Graf M J, Huber T E 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 075332
[16]	Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045
[17]	Qi X L, Zhang S C 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1057
[18]	Zhang H, Liu C X, Qi X L, Dai X, Fang Z, Zhang S C 2009 Nature Phys. 5 438
[19]	Zeng Z, Morgan T A, Fan D, Li C, Hirono Y, Hu X, Zhao Y, Lee J S, Wang J, Wang Z M, Yu S, Hawkridge M E, Benamara M, Salamo G J 2013 AIP Adv. 3 072112
[20]	Wang J, DaSilva A M, Chang C Z, He K, Jain J K, Samarth N, Ma X C, Xue Q K, Chan M H W 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 245438
[21]	Wang H, Liu H, Chang C Z, Zuo H, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Xia Z, He K, Ma X, Xie X C, Xue Q K, Wang J 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 5817
[22]	Zhao Y, Chang C Z, Jiang Y, DaSilva A, Sun Y, Wang H, Xing Y, Wang Y, He K, Ma X, Xue Q K, Wang J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 3060
[23]	Tian M, Wang J, Zhang Q, Kumar N, Mallouk T E, Chan M H 2009 Nano Lett. 9 3196
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[25]	Ye Z, Zhang H, Liu H, Wu W, Luo Z 2008 Nanotechno-logy 19 085709
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[27]	Parks R D, Little W A 1964 Phys. Rev. 133 A97
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[33]	Yang F Y, Liu K, Chien C L, Searson P C 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 3328
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[36]	Tian M, Wang J, Ning W, Mallouk T E, Chan M H W 2015 Nano Lett. 15 1487
[37]	Wang J, Ma X C, Lu L, Jin A Z, Gu C Z, Xie X C, Jia J F, Chen X, Xue Q K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 233119
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[55]	Sun Y, Wang J, Zhao W, Tian M, Singh M, Chan M H 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2307
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