All-optical diode of subwavelength single slit with multi-pair groove structure based on SPPs-CDEW hybrid model

Qi Yun-Ping; Nan Xiang-Hong; Bai Yu-Long; Wang Xiang-Xian

doi:10.7498/aps.66.117102

Abstract

All-optical diode is the most basic photonic device in integrated optical circuits. It is of great significance to develop a modulated optical diode for preparing complex optical circuits in the near future. However, there are few studies on constructing all-optical diodes in subwavelength metal micro-nano structured devices based on the hybrid model of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and composite diffracted evanescent wave (CDEW). In fact, most of the researches have been focusing on how to effectively enhance the unidirectional nonreciprocal transmission of the optical diode and improve the extinction ratio. According to SPPs-CDEW hybrid states, in this paper we put forward a novel method of designing an optical diode and its structure. The structure consists of a subwavelength single micro-nano slit surrounded by symmetric multi-pair grooves on a silver film. First of all, on the basis of the single slit structure of the silver film, the pairs of the groove structures are etched on both sides of the silver film: the positions and quantities of the grooves on the top and bottom surfaces are asymmetric. Then combining with an effect similar to Fabry-Perot resonance effect inside the micro-nano slit, the function of beam unidirectional transmission is achieved by controlling SPPs through changing the geometric parameters of the structure. Furthermore, in order to realize unidirectional nonreciprocal transmission, by means of theoretical derivation and the finite element method (FEM), in this paper we analyze the transmission enhancement phenomenon of single slit-symmetric pair of groove micro-nano structure, discuss the physical mechanisms of transmission enhancement and weakening, and also give the far field transmission spectrum of the normalized transmission changing with the distance between slit and pair grooves. The results obtained from the rigorous theoretical formula are in excellent agreement with the numerical results obtained by using FEM. Finally, as the position and number of the pair grooves are precisely determined by this transmission spectrum, the optimized all-optical diode structure, of which the unidirectional transmission is effectively enhanced and the extinction ratio of the optical diode is improved, is achieved with five pairs of enhanced transmission grooves formed on the top surface of the Ag film and six pairs of weakened transmission grooves formed on the bottom surface. The maximum extinction ratio reaches 38.3 dB, which means that the forward transmittance is 6761 times the reverse transmittance, i.e., it increases 14.6 dB over the result from previous theoretical work. And there appears a 70 nm wavelength band width (20 dB) in the operating wavelength 850 nm. The proposed optical diode has the advantages of simple structure, wide working bandwidth, easy integration, and high coupling efficiency. The research of the optical diode is valuable for the potential applications in optical signal transmission, optical integrated optical circuit, super-resolution lithography and other related fields.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2.
School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

Corresponding author: Qi Yun-Ping, yunpqi@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61367005, 41461078).

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[42]	Vial A, Grimault A S, Macias D, Barchiesi D, Lamy D L C M 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 085416

Cited By

[1]	Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Nature 424 824
[2]	Ebbesen T W, Lezec H J, Ghaemi H F, Thio T, Wolff P A 1998 Nature 391 667
[3]	Treacy M M J 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 195105
[4]	Porto J A, Garcia-Vidal F J, Pendry J B 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 2845
[5]	Went H E, Hibbins A P, Sambels J R, Lawrence C R, Crick A P 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 2789
[6]	Gay G, Alloschery O, Viarisde Lesegno B, O'Dwyer C, Weiner J, Lezec H J 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 262
[7]	Lezec H J, Thio T 2004 Opt. Express 12 3629
[8]	Lalanne P, Hugonin J P 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 551
[9]	Lopez-Tejeira F, Rodrigo S G, Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J, Devaux E, Ebbesen T W, Krenn J R, Radko I P, Bozhevolnyi S I, Gonzalez M U, Weeber J C, Dereux A 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 324
[10]	Garcia-Vidal F J, Martin-Moreno L, Ebbesen T W, Kuipers L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 729
[11]	Crouse D, Keshavareddy P 2005 Opt. Express 13 7760
[12]	Lalanne P, Hugonin J P, Rodier J C 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 263902
[13]	Garcia-Vidal F J, Lezec H J, Ebbesen T W, Martin-Moreno L 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 21
[14]	Bravo-Abad, Martin-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J 2004 Phys. Rev. E 69 026601
[15]	Zhou Y S, Gu B Y, Wang H Y, Lan S 2009 Eur. Phys. Lett. 85 24005
[16]	Lu Y Q, ChengXY, Xu M, Xu J, Wang J 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 204207 (in Chinese) [陆云清, 成心怡, 许敏, 许吉, 王瑾 2016 物理学报 65 204207]
[17]	Lezec H J, Degiron A, Devaux E, Linke R A, Martin-moreno L, Garciavidal F J, Ebbesen T W 2002 Science 297 820
[18]	Chen J, Li Z, Zhang X, Xiao J, Gong Q 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1451
[19]	Li H, Deng Z, Huang J, Li Y 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 2572
[20]	Xue C, Jiang H, Chen H 2010 Opt. Express 18 7479
[21]	Liu Y F, Liu B, He X D, Li S J 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 064207 (in Chinese) [刘云凤, 刘彬, 何兴道, 李淑静 2016 物理学报 65 064207]
[22]	Lu C, Hu X, Yang H, Gong Q 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 4668
[23]	Wang C, Zhou C Z, Li Z Y 2011 Opt. Express 19 26948
[24]	LuC, Hu X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu X, Yang H, Gong Q 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 051107
[25]	Feng S, Ren C, Wang W, Wang Y 2013 Opt. Commun. 289 144
[26]	Amin K, Mohsen R, Ali P F, Khashayar M 2013 J. Opt. 15 075501
[27]	Kang M S, Butsch A, Russell P S 2011 Nat. Photo. 5 549
[28]	Liu L, Ding Y, Cai X, Zhang X 2016 Front. Optoelectron. 9 489
[29]	Zhu H B, Jiang C 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 1308
[30]	Bi L, Hu J, Jiang P, Kim D H, Dionne G F, Kimerling L C, Ross C A 2011 Nat. Photon. 5 758
[31]	Fan L, Wang J, Varghese L T, Shen H, Niu B, Xuan Y, Weiner A M, Qi M H 2011 Science 22 1214383
[32]	Zhang X Z, Feng M, Zhang X Z 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 024201 (in Chinese) [张学智, 冯鸣, 张心正 2013 物理学报 62 024201]
[33]	Bulgakov E N, Sadreev A F 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1787
[34]	Haripadman P C, John H, Philip R, Gopinath P 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 221102
[35]	Sun Y, Tong Y, Xue C, Chen H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 091904
[36]	Peng B, Ozdemir S K, Lei F, Monifi F, Gianfreda M, Long G, Fan S, Nori F, Bender C M, Yang L 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 394
[37]	Min C J, Wang P, Jiao X J, Ming H 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2922
[38]	Cao Q, Lalanne P 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 057403
[39]	Johnson P B, Christy R W 1975 Phys. Rev. B 11 1315
[40]	Palik E D 1985 Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (New York: Academic Press) p350
[41]	Qi Y P, Miao J G, Hong S, Tentzeris M M 2010 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 58 3657
[42]	Vial A, Grimault A S, Macias D, Barchiesi D, Lamy D L C M 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 085416

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Vol. 66, Issue 11 - 2017-06-05

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