Overview of magnetic skyrmion-based devices and applications

Xia Jing; Han Zong-Yi; Song Yi-Fan; Jiang Wen-Jing; Lin Liu-Rong; Zhang Xi-Chao; Liu Xiao-Xi; Zhou Yan

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180894

Abstract

Magnetic skyrmions possess topologically non-trivial particle-like nanoscale domain wall structures, which have reasonably good stability and unique dynamic properties and can be controlled by magnetic fields, electric fields, and electric currents. Therefore, magnetic skyrmions are expected to be used as novel information carriers in the next-generation high-density, low-energy-consumption, and non-volatile information storage and logic computing devices. Since the first experimental observation of magnetic skyrmions in 2009, a number of skyrmion-based device prototypes have been proposed. In this article, we review the recently proposed skyrmion-based devices and applications, including skyrmion-based racetrack memory, logic computing device, transistor-like functional device, and nano-oscillator. We first discuss advantages of skyrmion-based racetrack memory and solutions for some problems we are facing currently. We then introduce the duplication and merging of magnetic skyrmions and the skyrmion-based logic OR and AND gates. We also introduce the switch function of skyrmion-based transistor-like functional device. The switch function is realized via a voltage gate and controlled by the applied voltage as well as the driving spin current. Besides, a brief introduction of the skyrmion-based nano-oscillator is given. In addition, we introduce several possible methods to encode binary information in skyrmion-based devices. Finally, we discuss some possible future novel applications based on magnetic skyrmions.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
2.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan

Corresponding author: Zhou Yan, zhouyan@cuhk.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574137), Shenzhen Fundamental Research Fund, China (Grant Nos. JCYJ20160331164412545, JCYJ20170410171958839), and the President's Fund of CUHKSZ.

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Cited By

[1]	Mhlbauer S, Binz B, Jonietz F, Pfleiderer C, Rosch A, Neubauer A, Georgii R, Bni P 2009 Science 323 915
[2]	Yu X Z, Onose Y, Kanazawa N, Park J H, Han J H, Matsui Y, Nagaosa N, Tokura Y 2010 Nature 465 901
[3]	Heinze S, von Bergmann K, Menzel M, Brede J, Kubetzka A, Wiesendanger R, Bihlmayer G, Blgel S 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 713
[4]	Romming N, Kubetzka A, Hanneken C, von Bergmann K, Wiesendanger R 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 114 177203
[5]	Chen G, Mascaraque A, N'Diaye A T, Schmid A K 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 242404
[6]	Du H, DeGrave J P, Xue F, Liang D, Ning W, Yang J, Tian M, Zhang Y, Jin S 2014 Nano Lett. 14 2026
[7]	Jiang W, Upadhyaya P, Zhang W, Yu G, Jungfleisch M B, Fradin F Y, Pearson J E, Tserkovnyak Y, Wang K L, Heinonen O, te Velthuis S G E, Hoffmann A 2015 Science 349 283
[8]	Jiang W, Zhang X, Yu G, Zhang W, Wang X, Benjamin Jungfleisch M, Pearson J E, Cheng X, Heinonen O, Wang K L, Zhou Y, Hoffmann A, te Velthuis S G E 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 162
[9]	Woo S, Song K M, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Liu X, Finizio S, Raabe J, Lee N J, Kim S I, Park S Y, Kim Y, Kim J Y, Lee D, Lee O, Choi J W, Min B C, Koo H C, Chang J 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 959
[10]	Barker J, Tretiakov O A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 147203
[11]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 24795
[12]	Seki S, Yu X Z, Ishiwata S, Tokura Y 2012 Science 336 198
[13]	Nahas Y, Prokhorenko S, Louis L, Gui Z, Kornev I, Bellaiche L 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8542
[14]	Bogdanov A, Hubert A 1994 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 138 255
[15]	Yu G, Jenkins A, Ma X, Razavi S A, He C, Yin G, Shao Q, He Q L, Wu H, Li W, Jiang W, Han X, Li X, Bleszynski Jayich A C, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2018 Nano. Lett. 18 980
[16]	Lin S Z, Hayami S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 064430
[17]	Leonov A O, Mostovoy M 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8275
[18]	Leonov A O, Mostovoy M 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14394
[19]	Zhang X, Xia J, Zhou Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Ezawa M 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1717
[20]	Hu Y, Chi X, Li X, Liu Y, Du A 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 16079
[21]	Yuan H Y, Gomonay O, Klui M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 134415
[22]	Sun L, Cao R X, Miao B F, Feng Z, You B, Wu D, Zhang W, Hu A, Ding H F 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 167201
[23]	Wang C, Xiao D, Chen X, Zhou Y, Liu Y 2017 New J. Phys. 19 083008
[24]	Mochizuki M 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 092403
[25]	Iwasaki J, Mochizuki M, Nagaosa N 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 742
[26]	Sampaio J, Cros V, Rohart S, Thiaville A, Fert A 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 839
[27]	Woo S, Litzius K, Kruger B, Im M Y, Caretta L, Richter K, Mann M, Krone A, Reeve R M, Weigand M, Agrawal P, Lemesh I, Mawass M A, Fischer P, Klaui M, Beach G S D 2016 Nat. Mater. 15 501
[28]	Yuan H Y, Wang X R 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 22638
[29]	Upadhyaya P, Yu G, Amiri P K, Wang K L 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 134411
[30]	Ma C, Zhang X, Yamada Y, Xia J, Ezawa M, Jiang W, Zhou Y, Morisako A, Liu X 2017 arXiv:170802023v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]
[31]	Xia H, Song C, Jin C, Wang J, Wang J, Liu Q 2018 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 458 57
[32]	Wang J, Xia J, Zhang X, Zhao G P, Ye L, Wu J, Xu Y, Zhao W, Zou Z, Zhou Y 2018 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51 205002
[33]	Zhang X, Ezawa M, Xiao D, Zhao G P, Liu Y W, Zhou Y 2015 Nanotechnology 26 225701
[34]	Li S, Xia J, Zhang X, Ezawa M, Kang W, Liu X, Zhou Y, Zhao W 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 142404
[35]	Liu Y, Yin G, Zang J, Shi J, Lake R K 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 152411
[36]	Ma F, Ezawa M, Zhou Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 15154
[37]	Wang W, Beg M, Zhang B, Kuch W, Fangohr H 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 020403
[38]	Lei N, Devolder T, Agnus G, Aubert P, Daniel L, Kim J V, Zhao W, Trypiniotis T, Cowburn R P, Chappert C, Ravelosona D, Lecoeur P 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 1378
[39]	Wu H C, Chandrasekhar K D, Wei T Y, Hsieh K J, Chen T Y, Berger H, Yang H D 2015 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 48 475001
[40]	Nii Y, Nakajima T, Kikkawa A, Yamasaki Y, Ohishi K, Suzuki J, Taguchi Y, Arima T, Tokura Y, Iwasa Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8539
[41]	Liu Y, Lei N, Zhao W, Liu W, Ruotolo A, Braun H B, Zhou Y 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 022406
[42]	Yang W, Yang H, Cao Y, Yan P 2018 Opt. Express 26 8778
[43]	Koshibae W, Nagaosa N 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 5148
[44]	Kong L Y, Zang J D 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 067203
[45]	Fert A, Cros V, Sampaio J 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 152
[46]	Zhang X, Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 10293
[47]	Zheng F, Rybakov F N, Borisov A B, Song D, Wang S, Li Z A, Du H, Kiselev N S, Caron J, Kovcs A, Tian M, Zhang Y, Blgel S, Dunin Borkowski R E 2018 Nat. Nanotech.
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[51]	Tomasello R, Martinez E, Zivieri R, Torres L, Carpentieri M, Finocchio G 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6784
[52]	Kang W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao W 2016 Proc. IEEE 104 2040
[53]	Zhang X, Zhao G P, Fangohr H, Liu J P, Xia W X, Xia J, Morvan F J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 7643
[54]	Lepadatu S, Saarikoski H, Beacham R, Benitez M J, Moore T A, Burnell G, Sugimoto S, Yesudas D, Wheeler M C, Miguel J, Dhesi S S, McGrouther D, McVitie S, Tatara G, Marrows C H 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 1640
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[57]	Jonietz F, Mhlbauer S, Pfleiderer C, Neubauer A, Mnzer W, Bauer A, Adams T, Georgii R, Bni P, Duine R A, Everschor K, Garst M, Rosch A 2010 Science 330 1648
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[59]	Soumyanarayanan A, Raju M, Gonzalez Oyarce A L, Tan A K C, Im M Y, Petrovi A P, Ho P, Khoo K H, Tran M, Gan C K, Ernult F, Panagopoulos C 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 898
[60]	Kang W, Zheng C, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, L W, Zhao W 2016 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 37 924
[61]	Xing X, Pong P W T, Zhou Y 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 054408
[62]	Zhang X C, Ezawa M, Zhou Y 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 9400
[63]	Zhou Y, Ezawa M 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4652
[64]	Zhang Z D 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 067503 (in Chinese) [张志东 2015 物理学报 64 067503]
[65]	Zhang X C, Zhou Y, Ezawa M, Zhao G P, Zhao W 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 11369
[66]	Kim J S, Jung S, Jung M H, You C Y, Swagten H J M, Koopmans B 2014 arXiv:14016910v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]
[67]	Schellekens A J, van den Brink A, Franken J H, Swagten H J M, Koopmans B 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 847
[68]	Shiota Y, Murakami S, Bonell F, Nozaki T, Shinjo T, Suzuki Y 2011 Appl. Phys. Express 4 043005
[69]	Kim J V, Garcia Sanchez F, Sampaio J, Moreau-Luchaire C, Cros V, Fert A 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 064410
[70]	Dai Y, Wang H, Yang T, Ren W, Zhang Z 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6153
[71]	Zhou Y, Iacocca E, Awad A A, Dumas R K, Zhang F C, Braun H B, kerman J 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8193
[72]	Li Z X, Chen Y F, Zhou Z W, Nie Y Z, Xia Q L, Wang D W, Guo G H 2017 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 433 216
[73]	Kiselev S I, Sankey J C, Krivorotov I N, Emley N C, Schoelkopf R J, Buhrman R A, Ralph D C 2003 Nature 425 380
[74]	Rippard W H, Pufall M R, Kaka S, Russek S E, Silva T J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 027201
[75]	Braganca P M, Gurney B A, Wilson B A, Katine J A, Maat S, Childress J R 2010 Nanotechnology 21 235202
[76]	Chui C P, Zhou Y 2015 AIP Adv. 5 097126
[77]	Zhang S F, Wang J B, Zheng Q, Zhu Q Y, Liu X Y, Chen S J, Jin C D, Liu Q F, Jia C L, Xue D S 2015 New J. Phys. 17 023061
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[79]	Huang Y, Kang W, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao W 2017 Nanotechnology 28 08LT02
[80]	Li S, Kang W, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao W 2017 Nanotechnology 28 31LT01

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Vol. 67, Issue 13 - 2018-07-05

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