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Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) are two kinds of emblematic inelastic scattering processes resulting from the interaction of high-intensity laser with matter. Generally, competition between SBS and SRS is a common phenomenon in many substances. In liquid or high-pressure gas, if a single longitudinal mode laser is used as a pump source, both SBS and SRS can be excited, but the SBS will become very strong due to higher gain and optical phase conjugation. In comparison, the SRS gain is typically 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the SBS gain so that most of the pump laser energy is spent on the SBS and the SRS is greatly suppressed. To improve the output energy of SRS in liquid medium, a method of suppressing the SBS process by controlling temperature of medium is proposed. The SRS generation system using broadband pulse laser of 532 nm in wavelength as a pumping source is designed, the output energy of forward SRS (FSRS) and backward SBS (BSBS) in water with different temperatures are measured, and the physical mechanisms of the influences of water temperature, pumping linewidth and thermal defocusing on the output energy of SRS are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that by reducing the water temperature, the SBS process can be significantly suppressed, and the beam distortion caused by thermal defocusing effect can be reduced, thus effectively improving the output energy of SRS. Unlike the single longitudinal mode laser, when the pump source is handled in multiple longitudinal modes with a wide linewidth, the gain of FSRS is higher than that of the backward SRS (BSRS). Meanwhile, since the SBS gain coefficient is restricted by the linewidth of the pump laser, the FSRS process is dominant and both backward SBS and BSRS are significantly suppressed. It is necessary to state that none of the influence of backward SRS, self-focusing, optical breakdown and other non-linear effects on the output energy of SRS is considered in this paper, and only the effectiveness of reducing temperature to improve the energy output of forward SRS is verified from the perspective of temperature change. The results are of great significance for the multi-wavelength conversion of SRS in liquid medium.
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Keywords:
- stimulated Raman scattering /
- stimulated Brillouin scattering /
- energy amplification /
- thermal defocusing
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图 1 实验测量原理图
Figure 1. Principle diagram of experimental measurement.
图 2 (a)泵浦光时域轮廓; (b)水的受激拉曼散射归一化光谱图, 泵浦能量为100 mJ/Pulse
Figure 2. (a) Temporal profile of pump leaser; (b) normalized SRS spectrum of distilled water at pump energy of 100 mJ/Pulse.
图 3 不同温度下SRS输出能量随入射泵浦光能量变化
Figure 3. Output energy of SRS versus the incident pump energy at different temperatures.
图 4 不同温度下SBS输出能量随入射泵浦光能量变化
Figure 4. Output energy of SBS versus the incident pump energy at different temperatures.
图 5 入射泵浦能量为50 mJ时, 不同温度下水池出光口剩余泵浦光强度的远场分布轮廓 (a) 5 °C; (b) 35 °C
Figure 5. Far-field profiles of intensity distribution of residual pump beam at the exit of the cell window at different temperatures,when the incident pump energy is 50 mJ/Pulse: (a) 5 °C; (b) 35 °C.
图 6 入射泵浦能量为150 mJ时, 不同温度下的SRS输出光斑分布 (a) 5 °C; (b) 35 °C
Figure 6. Facula profiles of SRS at different temperatures when the incident pump energy is 150 mJ/Pulse: (a) 5 °C; (b) 35 °C.
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[1] Boyd R W 2008 Nonlinear Optics (Third Edition) (Burlington: Academic Press) pp 429-471
[2] Penzkofer A, Laubereau A, Kaiser W 1979 Prog. Quant. Electron. 6 55
Google Scholar
[3] Pasiskevicius V, Fragemann A, Laurell F, Butkus R, Smilgevicius V, Piskarskas A 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 325
Google Scholar
[4] Kalosha V P, Herrmann J 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 1226
Google Scholar
[5] Findeisen J, Eichler H J, Kaminskii A A 1998 Nonlinear Optics 98: Materials, Fundamentals and Applications Topical Meeting (Cat. No. 98CH36244), USA, August 10-14, 1998 p381
[6] 黄衍堂, 彭隆祥, 庄世坚, 李强龙, 廖廷俤, 许灿华, 段亚凡 2017 物理学报 66 244208
Google Scholar
Huang Y T, Peng L X, Zhuang S J, Li Q L, Liao T D, Xu C H, Duan Y F 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 244208
Google Scholar
[7] Vasa N J, Hatada A, Nakazono S, Oki Y, Maeda M 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 2328
Google Scholar
[8] 陈蔚, 陈学岗, 史久林, 何兴道, 莫小凤, 刘娟 2013 物理学报 62 104213
Google Scholar
Chen W, Chen X G, Shi J L, He X D, Mo X F, Liu J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 104213
Google Scholar
[9] Woodbury E J, Ng W K 1962 Proc. Inst. Rad. Eng. 50 2367
[10] Ganot Y, Bar I 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 131108
Google Scholar
[11] Ganot Y, Shrenkel S, Barmashenko B D, Bar I 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 061107
Google Scholar
[12] Helle M H, Jones T G, Penano J R, Kaganovich D, Ting A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 121101
Google Scholar
[13] Shi J, Chen W, Mo X, Liu J, He X, Yang K 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 2988
Google Scholar
[14] Walsh C J, Villeneuve D M, Baldis H A 1984 Phys. Rev. Lett. 53 1445
Google Scholar
[15] Snow J B, Qian S X, Chang R K 1985 Opt. Lett. 10 37
Google Scholar
[16] Yehud L B, Belker D, Ravnitzki G, Ishaaya A A 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 1026
Google Scholar
[17] Shi J, Tang Y, Wei H, Zhang L, Zhang D, Shi J, Gong W, He X, Yang K, Liu D 2012 Appl. Phys. B 108 717
Google Scholar
[18] He X, Tang Y, Shi J, Liu J, Cheng W, Mo X 2012 J. Mod. Opt. 59 1410
Google Scholar
[19] Shi J, Ouyang M, Chen X, Liu B, Xu Y, Jing H, Liu D 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 977
Google Scholar
[20] Liu D, Shi J, Ouyang M, Chen X, Liu J, He X 2009 Phys. Rev. A 80 033808
Google Scholar
[21] Shi J L, Liu J, Li S J, Jian X, Jian L, Wei F, Ke Y, He X D 2011 J. Opt. 13 075201
Google Scholar
[22] Damzen M J, Vlad V I, Babin V, Mocofanescu A 2003 Stimulated Brillouin Scattering: Fundamentals and Applications (Bristol: Institute of Physics Pub.) pp 39-50
[23] Colles M J 1969 Opt. Commun. 1 169
Google Scholar
[24] Richerzhagen B, Delacretaz G, Salathe R P 1996 Opt. Eng. 35 2058
Google Scholar
[25] Abbate G, Bernini U, Ragozzino E, Somma F 1978 J. Phy. D: Appl. Phys. 11 1167
Google Scholar
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