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According to density functional theory, in this paper we report a simulation result obtained by using the Gaussian09 package. Adopted in the calculation are an optimized Opt Freq and a base group of B3LYP/6-311g to simulate the absorption of 16 kinds of liquid crystal (LC) molecules of 4-(trans-4-n-alkylcyclohexyl) isothiocyanatobenzenes (CHBT) in a 0.1−5.0 terahertz band (THz). The results show that in the low terahertz band, the absorption is caused mainly by the vibration and rotation of the molecules. So for convenience, we present an novel analytical method of studying the influence of molecular moment of inertia and mass center of gravity shift on absorption. An important result is found that the length of the molecular alkyl chain can lead to different molecular mass, mass center of gravity and moment of inertia, which causes the rotation and vibration of the molecule to be different. These factors lead to the difference in terahertz wave absorption. In the 0.1−5.0 terahertz band, the molecules with 3−7 alkyl chain carbon atoms show a strong absorption. As a reference, reducing and increasing the carbon atoms in the alkyl chain will cause the molecules to reduce the absorption of terahertz waves . In the end, the calculated results are compared with the experimental results obtained from 10 molecules according to the reference data in a frequency range of 0.3−3.0 terahertz. It is found that in the low frequency band there exist some differences between the calculation results and the experimental measurements, in which the difference in the position of the absorption peak may originate from a hydrogen bond. Comparing the relative magnitudes of the absorption intensities, it is found that the experimental measurements are consistent with the calculated results, indicating that the absorption intensity comes from the absorption of dipole vibration and rotation, which demonstrates the positive significance of computational simulation. We look forward to the experimental measurements in the future, and correct the calculation methods and keywords as well as the parameters such as temperature calculation that is to be done in future work. As a theoretical basis, the calculation results can better reflect the absorption of molecular materials, and it is expected to provide useful suggestions for designing and synthesizing the liquid crystal molecules.
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Keywords:
- liquid crystal /
- terahertz /
- alkyl chains /
- Gaussian
[1] Lagerwall J P F, Scalla G 2012 Curr. Appl. Phys. 12 1387
Google Scholar
[2] Ghasemi M, Choudhury P K, Pankaj K 2014 J. Nanophoton. 8 083997
Google Scholar
[3] Kumar R, Aain K K 2014 Liq. Cryst. 41 228
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Google Scholar
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[6] 李弦 2016 博士学位论文 (杭州: 浙江大学)
Li X 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University) (in Chinese)
[7] Dhillon S S, Vitiello M S, Linfield E H 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 043001
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[8] Zhao L, Hao Y H, Peng R Y 2014 Mil. Med. Res. 27 p1
[9] Mittleman D M 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 122 p1
[10] 陈泽章 2016 博士学位论文(新乡: 河南师范大学)
Chen Z Z 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Xinxiang: Henan Normal University) (in Chinese)
[11] Mueller E R 2006 Photon. Spectra 40 p60
[12] Park H, Fan F, Li M M, Han H, Chigrinov V G, Macpherson E 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves Houston, USA, 2011 p6104918
[13] Ma H 2004 Ph. D. Dissertation (Toyama: Toyama University)
[14] Vieweg N, Shakfa M K, Scherger B, Mikulics M, Koch M 2010 J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 31 1312
Google Scholar
[15] Wang L, Ge S J, Hu W, Nakajima M, Lu Y Q 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 2023
Google Scholar
[16] Silverstein R M, Webster F X, Kiemle D J 2005 Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds (7th Ed.) (New york: John Wiley & Sons) p512
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Google Scholar
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[21] Peng F L, Chen Y, Wu S T, Tripathi S, Twieg R G 2014 Liquid Crystals 41 1545
Google Scholar
[22] Depalma J W, Bzdek B R, Ridge D P, Johnston M V 2014 J. Phys. Chem. A 118 11547
Google Scholar
[23] Kreutzer J, Blahal P, Schubert U 2016 Comput. Theor. Chem 1084 162
Google Scholar
[24] Priest C, Zhou J W, Jiang D E 2017 Inor. Chim. Acta 458 39
Google Scholar
[25] 王雅昕, 程雅青, 王凯礼, 陈洋玮, 阎昊岚, 袁秋林, 马恒 2018 液晶与显示 33 645
Wang Y X, Cheng Y Q, Wang K L, Chen Y W, Yan H L, Yuan Q L, Ma H 2018 Chin. J. Liquid Crystals and Displays 33 645
[26] 董建奇, 程文其, 李梦阁, 王凯礼, 马恒 2017 液晶与显示 32 590
Dong J Q, Cheng W Q, Li M G, Wang K L, Ma H 2017 Chin. J. Liquid Crystals and Displays 32 590
[27] Vieweg N, Fischer B M, Reuter M, Kula P, Dabrowski R, Celik M A, Frenking G, Koch M, Jepsen P U 2012 Opt. Express 20 28249
Google Scholar
[28] Parka J, Sielezin K 2017 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 657 66
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 (a) 5CB计算值和实验值对比; (b) MBBA计算值和实验值对比
Figure 1. (a) Comparison of calculations and experimental results about 5CB; (b) comparison of calculations and experimental results about MBBA.
图 2 16个棒状液晶分子的化学结构 (n = 0—15)
Figure 2. Chemical structure of 16 liquid crystal molecules (n = 0−15)
图 3 0—5 THz波段分子吸收光谱
Figure 3. Molecular absorption spectroscopy at 0−5 THz.
图 4 16个分子在其长轴的转动惯量值的变化趋势
Figure 4. Trend of the rotational inertia of 16 molecules on their long axis.
图 5 16个分子在其长轴的总偶极矩值的变化趋势
Figure 5. Trend of the total dipole moment of 16 molecules on their long axis.
图 6 1CHBT的分子质量分布和重心位置标定
Figure 6. Calibration of mass distribution and center of gravity for 1CHBT.
图 7 0.3—3.0 THz波段(3—12)CHBT吸收光谱的实验值与计算值对比
Figure 7. Comparison of calculations and experimental results about (3−12)CHBT in 0.3−3.0 THz.
图 8 计算结果与实验测量的吸收峰值分析 (a)实验测量; (b) 计算在1.2—3.0 THz的吸收峰值
Figure 8. Analysis of the absorption peaks between the calculation and the experimental data: (a) The experimental measurements; (b) the calculation of absorption peaks in 1.2−3.0 THz.
表 1 16个分子各个组成部分的原子质量
Table 1. Atom mass of each component of 16 molecules.
nCHBT NCS/
g·mol–1Benzene/
g·mol–1NCS+ Benzene/
g·mol–1Cyclohexane/
g·mol–1NCS+ Benzene +
Cyclohexane/g· mol–1CnH2n+1/
g·mol–1Cyclohexane + CnH2n+1/
g·mol–10CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 1 83 1CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 15 97 2CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 29 111 3CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 43 125 4CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 57 139 5CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 71 153 6CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 85 167 7CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 99 181 8CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 113 195 9CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 127 209 10CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 141 223 11CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 155 237 12CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 169 251 13CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 183 265 14CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 197 279 15CHBT 58 76 134 82 216 211 293 
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[1] Lagerwall J P F, Scalla G 2012 Curr. Appl. Phys. 12 1387
Google Scholar
[2] Ghasemi M, Choudhury P K, Pankaj K 2014 J. Nanophoton. 8 083997
Google Scholar
[3] Kumar R, Aain K K 2014 Liq. Cryst. 41 228
Google Scholar
[4] Bisoy H K, Li Q 2014 Acc Chem. Res. 47 3184
Google Scholar
[5] Hartmann R R, Kono J, Portnoi M E 2014 Nanotechnology 25 1
[6] 李弦 2016 博士学位论文 (杭州: 浙江大学)
Li X 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hangzhou: Zhejiang University) (in Chinese)
[7] Dhillon S S, Vitiello M S, Linfield E H 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 043001
Google Scholar
[8] Zhao L, Hao Y H, Peng R Y 2014 Mil. Med. Res. 27 p1
[9] Mittleman D M 2017 J. Appl. Phys. 122 p1
[10] 陈泽章 2016 博士学位论文(新乡: 河南师范大学)
Chen Z Z 2016 Ph. D. Dissertation (Xinxiang: Henan Normal University) (in Chinese)
[11] Mueller E R 2006 Photon. Spectra 40 p60
[12] Park H, Fan F, Li M M, Han H, Chigrinov V G, Macpherson E 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves Houston, USA, 2011 p6104918
[13] Ma H 2004 Ph. D. Dissertation (Toyama: Toyama University)
[14] Vieweg N, Shakfa M K, Scherger B, Mikulics M, Koch M 2010 J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 31 1312
Google Scholar
[15] Wang L, Ge S J, Hu W, Nakajima M, Lu Y Q 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 2023
Google Scholar
[16] Silverstein R M, Webster F X, Kiemle D J 2005 Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds (7th Ed.) (New york: John Wiley & Sons) p512
[17] Ma H, Shi D H, He J, Peng Y F 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1085
Google Scholar
[18] Dong J Q, Cheng W Q, Li M G, Wang K L, Ma H 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 1
[19] Chodorow U, Parka J, Garbat K, Robb M A 2015 Liq. Cryst. 40 1089
[20] Frisch M J, Trucks G W, Cheeseman J R, et al. 2013 Gaussian, Inc, Wallingford 1 09
[21] Peng F L, Chen Y, Wu S T, Tripathi S, Twieg R G 2014 Liquid Crystals 41 1545
Google Scholar
[22] Depalma J W, Bzdek B R, Ridge D P, Johnston M V 2014 J. Phys. Chem. A 118 11547
Google Scholar
[23] Kreutzer J, Blahal P, Schubert U 2016 Comput. Theor. Chem 1084 162
Google Scholar
[24] Priest C, Zhou J W, Jiang D E 2017 Inor. Chim. Acta 458 39
Google Scholar
[25] 王雅昕, 程雅青, 王凯礼, 陈洋玮, 阎昊岚, 袁秋林, 马恒 2018 液晶与显示 33 645
Wang Y X, Cheng Y Q, Wang K L, Chen Y W, Yan H L, Yuan Q L, Ma H 2018 Chin. J. Liquid Crystals and Displays 33 645
[26] 董建奇, 程文其, 李梦阁, 王凯礼, 马恒 2017 液晶与显示 32 590
Dong J Q, Cheng W Q, Li M G, Wang K L, Ma H 2017 Chin. J. Liquid Crystals and Displays 32 590
[27] Vieweg N, Fischer B M, Reuter M, Kula P, Dabrowski R, Celik M A, Frenking G, Koch M, Jepsen P U 2012 Opt. Express 20 28249
Google Scholar
[28] Parka J, Sielezin K 2017 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 657 66
Google Scholar
[29] Vieweg N, Celik M A, Zakel S, Gupta V, Frenking G, Koch M 2014 J. Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves 35 478
Google Scholar
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