Structured illumination for two-dimensional laser induced fluorescence imaging to eliminate stray light interference

Yan Bo; Chen Li; Chen Shuang; Li Meng; Yin Yi-Min; Zhou Jiang-Ning

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190977

Abstract

Laser sheet imaging, also called planar laser imaging, is one of the most versatile optical imaging techniques and has been frequently used in several different areas. However, when applied to the limited operating space and strong light scattering media, the light originating from indirect reflections, multiple scattering and surrounding backgrounds can produce error especially in intensity-ratio based measurements.This work is motivated by these challenges, with the overall aim of making laser sheet imaging technique applicable for the study of eliminating the stray light interference. Therefore a novel two-dimensional imaging technique named structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) is developed based on planar laser imaging but uses a sophisticated illumination scheme i.e. spatial intensity modulation, to differentiate between the intensity contribution arising from useful signals and that from stray light. By recording and dealing with images, the SLIPI method can suppress the diffuse light and retain the useful signals.In this paper, we first use the MATLAB software to simulate the phase-shift SLIPI method, and the results show that the stray light interference can be eliminated completely. Furthermore, the phase-shift SLIPI is combined with the liquid solution (Rhodamine B solution) laser induced fluorescence (LIF) approach to imagine the concentration distribution. By recording three images, between which this encoding is changed noticeably only for the useful LIF signals, the phase-shift SLIPI method is evidenced to be able to remove the diffuse light contribution, thus improving and enhancing the visualization quality. The instantaneous SLIPI images of rapidly moving samples, a key feature to study dynamic liquid solution diffusion behavior, are also acquired. The lock-in amplifier SLIPI technique is then experimentally studied under Rhodamine B diffused solution, and the phase-shift SLIPI method can remove the unwanted background interferences and achieve the significant improvements in terms of pronounced concentration distribution within the Rhodamine B solution.The SLIPI technique is relatively inexpensive: the cost does not exceed the cost of an ordinary laser sheet arrangement noticeably, and it can combine with several other linear imaging techniques, such as Rayleigh scattering, particle image velocimetry and laser-induced phosphorescence.

Keywords:

PACS:

87.63.lt	(Laser imaging)
47.80.Jk	(Flow visualization and imaging)
07.05.Pj	(Image processing)
87.64.kv	(Fluorescence)

Authors and contacts

China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China

Corresponding author: Chen Shuang, chenshuang827@gmail.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91641118) and the Fenglei Youth Innovation Fund of CARDC (Grant Nos. FLYIF20160017, PJD20180131)

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References

[1]	Gal P L, Farrugia N, Greenhalg D A 1999 Opt. Laser Technol. 31 75 Google Scholar
[2]	Driscoll K D, Sick V, Gray C 2003 Exp. Fluids 35 112 Google Scholar
[3]	Schultz C, Sick V 2005 Prog. Energ. Combust. 31 75 Google Scholar
[4]	Adrian R J 2005 Exp. Fluids 39 159 Google Scholar
[5]	陈爽, 苏铁, 杨富荣, 张龙, 郑尧邦 2013 中国光学快报 11 65 Chen S, Su T, Yang F R, Zhang L, Zheng Y B 2013 Chin. Opt. Lett. 11 65
[6]	万文博, 华灯鑫, 乐静, 刘美霞, 曹宁 2013 物理学报 62 190601 Google Scholar Wan W B, Hua D X, Le J, Liu M X, Cao N 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 190601 Google Scholar
[7]	Limbach C M, Miles R B 2017 AIAA J. 55 112 Google Scholar
[8]	Fourguette D C, Zurn R M, Long M B 1986 Combust. Sci. Technol. 44 307 Google Scholar
[9]	徐春娇, 杨洪远, 杨明伟 2010 红外与激光工程 39 1143 Google Scholar Xu C J, Yang Y H, Yang M W 2010 Infrared Laser Eng. 39 1143 Google Scholar
[10]	Allison S W, Gilles G T 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 2615
[11]	Elliott G S, Glumac N, Carter C D 2001 Meas. Sci. Tech. 12 452 Google Scholar
[12]	Barlow R S, Wang G H, Filho P A, Sweeney M S 2009 P. Combust. Inst. 32 945 Google Scholar
[13]	Omrane A, Juhlin G, Ossler F 2004 Appl. Optics 43 3523 Google Scholar
[14]	Kitzhofer J, Nonn T, Brucker C 2011 Exp. Fluids 51 1471
[15]	Berrocal E, Churmakov D Y, Romanov V P, Jermy M C, Meglinski I V 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 2519 Google Scholar
[16]	Kristensson E, Richter M, Pettersson S G, Aldén M, Andersson E S 2008 Appl. Opt. 47 3927 Google Scholar
[17]	Kristensson E, Berrocal E, Richter M, Aldén M 2010 Atomization Sprays 20 337 Google Scholar
[18]	Kristensson E, Berrocal E, Aldén M 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 1656 Google Scholar
[19]	Kristensson E, Berrocal E, Richter M, Pettersson S G, Aldén M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2752 Google Scholar
[20]	Kristensson E, Bood J, Alden M, Nordström E, Zhu J, Huldt S, Bengtsson P E, Nilsson H, Berrocal E, Ehn A 2014 Opt. Express 22 7711 Google Scholar
[21]	Kristensson E, Araneo L, Berrocal E, Manin J, Richter M, Aldén M, Linne M 2011 Opt. Express 19 13647 Google Scholar
[22]	Berrocal E, Kristensson E, Richter M, Linne M, Aldén M 2008 Opt. Express 16 17870 Google Scholar
[23]	Wellander R, Berrocal E, Kristensson E, Richter M, Aldén M 2011 Meas. Sci. Technol. 22 125303 Google Scholar
[24]	Aldén M, Bood J, Li Z S, Richter M 2011 P. Combust. Inst. 33 69 Google Scholar
[25]	Kristensson E, Ehn A, Bood H, Aldén M 2015 P. Combust. Inst. 35 3689 Google Scholar
[26]	Yan B, Su T, Chen S, Chen L, Yang F R, Tu X B, Mu J H 2017 China National Symposium on Combustion Nanjing, China, October 13−15, 2017 p489

Cited By

期刊类型引用(5)

1.	黄喆，赵世艺，周卫斌，徐叶倩，沈小玲. 面向盾构导向激光标靶的抗杂光算法研究. 仪器仪表学报. 2022(04): 172-181 . 百度学术
2.	李春光，黄成强，林朝晖. 三维激光扫描技术下杂散光大数据预处理系统设计. 激光杂志. 2021(02): 170-175 . 百度学术
3.	朱家健，万明罡，吴戈，闫博，田轶夫，冯戎，孙明波. 激光诱导荧光技术燃烧诊断的研究进展. 中国激光. 2021(04): 78-110 . 百度学术
4.	何睿. 基于激光成像景区三维动态视景模拟系统. 激光杂志. 2021(06): 189-192 . 百度学术
5.	马玉芳，桑杰，白翠梅. 基于振幅光栅的数字全息光学成像系统. 激光杂志. 2020(09): 165-168 . 百度学术

其他类型引用(0)

图 1 旋转玻璃片改变激光光束位置示意图

Figure 1. Diagram of laser beam transmission changed by rotating glass sheet.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 基于结构光照明技术的激光诱导发光图像测量装置(A1, 5×扩束镜; RG, Ronchi光栅; AR, 自动旋转台; GS, 玻璃片(5.3 mm); LS, 片光系统; A, 光阑; RB, 罗丹明B溶液; PF, 滤光片)

Figure 2. LIF imaging setup based on the SLIPI technique (A1, 5 × beam expander; RG, Ronchi grating; AR, automatic rotary table; GS, glass sheet (5.3 mm); LS, light system; A, aperture slot; RB, Rhodamine B solution; PF, fliter).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 PS-SLIPI方法仿真计算全过程　(a) 调制振幅项A的值; (b) 无光栅调制时的强度值S_NG = A(R) + B₁(R) + B₂(R); (c) 光栅调制后的强度值S_C; (d) LA-SLIPI计算后的振幅相对误差值dA/A = (A₁ – A)/A, 截止频率f_c = 0.005 Hz; (e) PS-SLIPI计算后的振幅误差值dA/A = AA – A, n = 3; (f) PS-SLIPI计算后的干扰分量误差值dB = BB – B, n = 3

Figure 3. Simulation process of the PS-SLIPI method: (a) The modulated amplitude value, A; (b) the intensity without grating modulation, S_NG = A(R) + B₁(R) + B₂(R); (c) the intensity with grating modulation, S_C; (d) the relative error of modulated amplitude value, A, calculated by LA-SLIPI method, dA = (A₁ – A)/A, f_c = 0.005 Hz; (e) the error of modulated amplitude value, A, calculated by PS-SLIPI method, dA = AA – A, n = 3; (f) the error of interference components calculated by PS-SLIPI method, dB = BB – B, n = 3.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 PS-SLIPI方法的光栅条纹移动图像

Figure 4. Grating fringe changing images based on phase shifting SLIPI method.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 三种不同测试环境下的原始LIF图像; (b) 光栅调制LIF图像; (c) PS-SLIPI方法处理后的调制振幅(A)分布图像

Figure 5. (a) Conventional (raw data) LIF images without grating modulation in three different measurement cases; (b) LIF images with grating modulation; (c) images of modulated amplitude value, A, calculated by phase shifting SLIPI method.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) 不同测量时刻下的光栅调制LIF瞬态图像; (b) LA-SLIPI方法处理后的调制振幅(A)分布的瞬态图像

Figure 6. (a) LIF images with grating modulation; (b) images of modulated amplitude value, A, calculated by LA-SLIPI method.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 两种SLIPI技术实验参数

Table 1. Experimental parameters of two SLIPI technique.

	背景分类	激光输出能量	相机曝光时间	相机增益	罗丹明B溶液浓度	图像正弦调制周期/像素
相位移动SLIPI技术	Case 1	100 mW	0.025 s	30	稳态溶液：1 × 10⁷mol/L	0.058593
	Case 2	100 mW	0.025 s	30	稳态溶液：1 × 10⁷mol/L	0.058593
	Case 3	100 mW	0.025 s	30	稳态溶液：1 × 10⁷mol/L	0.058593
基于锁相放大原理的SLIPI技术	Case 4	100 mW	0.025 s	30	非稳态扩散溶液: 将1 × 10⁶ mol/L溶液注入到1 × 10⁷ mol/L溶液.	0.144536

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[1]	Gal P L, Farrugia N, Greenhalg D A 1999 Opt. Laser Technol. 31 75 Google Scholar
[2]	Driscoll K D, Sick V, Gray C 2003 Exp. Fluids 35 112 Google Scholar
[3]	Schultz C, Sick V 2005 Prog. Energ. Combust. 31 75 Google Scholar
[4]	Adrian R J 2005 Exp. Fluids 39 159 Google Scholar
[5]	陈爽, 苏铁, 杨富荣, 张龙, 郑尧邦 2013 中国光学快报 11 65 Chen S, Su T, Yang F R, Zhang L, Zheng Y B 2013 Chin. Opt. Lett. 11 65
[6]	万文博, 华灯鑫, 乐静, 刘美霞, 曹宁 2013 物理学报 62 190601 Google Scholar Wan W B, Hua D X, Le J, Liu M X, Cao N 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 190601 Google Scholar
[7]	Limbach C M, Miles R B 2017 AIAA J. 55 112 Google Scholar
[8]	Fourguette D C, Zurn R M, Long M B 1986 Combust. Sci. Technol. 44 307 Google Scholar
[9]	徐春娇, 杨洪远, 杨明伟 2010 红外与激光工程 39 1143 Google Scholar Xu C J, Yang Y H, Yang M W 2010 Infrared Laser Eng. 39 1143 Google Scholar
[10]	Allison S W, Gilles G T 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 2615
[11]	Elliott G S, Glumac N, Carter C D 2001 Meas. Sci. Tech. 12 452 Google Scholar
[12]	Barlow R S, Wang G H, Filho P A, Sweeney M S 2009 P. Combust. Inst. 32 945 Google Scholar
[13]	Omrane A, Juhlin G, Ossler F 2004 Appl. Optics 43 3523 Google Scholar
[14]	Kitzhofer J, Nonn T, Brucker C 2011 Exp. Fluids 51 1471
[15]	Berrocal E, Churmakov D Y, Romanov V P, Jermy M C, Meglinski I V 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 2519 Google Scholar
[16]	Kristensson E, Richter M, Pettersson S G, Aldén M, Andersson E S 2008 Appl. Opt. 47 3927 Google Scholar
[17]	Kristensson E, Berrocal E, Richter M, Aldén M 2010 Atomization Sprays 20 337 Google Scholar
[18]	Kristensson E, Berrocal E, Aldén M 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 1656 Google Scholar
[19]	Kristensson E, Berrocal E, Richter M, Pettersson S G, Aldén M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2752 Google Scholar
[20]	Kristensson E, Bood J, Alden M, Nordström E, Zhu J, Huldt S, Bengtsson P E, Nilsson H, Berrocal E, Ehn A 2014 Opt. Express 22 7711 Google Scholar
[21]	Kristensson E, Araneo L, Berrocal E, Manin J, Richter M, Aldén M, Linne M 2011 Opt. Express 19 13647 Google Scholar
[22]	Berrocal E, Kristensson E, Richter M, Linne M, Aldén M 2008 Opt. Express 16 17870 Google Scholar
[23]	Wellander R, Berrocal E, Kristensson E, Richter M, Aldén M 2011 Meas. Sci. Technol. 22 125303 Google Scholar
[24]	Aldén M, Bood J, Li Z S, Richter M 2011 P. Combust. Inst. 33 69 Google Scholar
[25]	Kristensson E, Ehn A, Bood H, Aldén M 2015 P. Combust. Inst. 35 3689 Google Scholar
[26]	Yan B, Su T, Chen S, Chen L, Yang F R, Tu X B, Mu J H 2017 China National Symposium on Combustion Nanjing, China, October 13−15, 2017 p489

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期刊类型引用(5)

1.	黄喆，赵世艺，周卫斌，徐叶倩，沈小玲. 面向盾构导向激光标靶的抗杂光算法研究. 仪器仪表学报. 2022(04): 172-181 . 百度学术
2.	李春光，黄成强，林朝晖. 三维激光扫描技术下杂散光大数据预处理系统设计. 激光杂志. 2021(02): 170-175 . 百度学术
3.	朱家健，万明罡，吴戈，闫博，田轶夫，冯戎，孙明波. 激光诱导荧光技术燃烧诊断的研究进展. 中国激光. 2021(04): 78-110 . 百度学术
4.	何睿. 基于激光成像景区三维动态视景模拟系统. 激光杂志. 2021(06): 189-192 . 百度学术
5.	马玉芳，桑杰，白翠梅. 基于振幅光栅的数字全息光学成像系统. 激光杂志. 2020(09): 165-168 . 百度学术

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