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The transboundary information transmission across the air-and-sea interface is of great practical significance. No matter from the perspective of scientific research or from the view of applications, transboundary communication is a hot and challenging field. Magnetic induction communication has the unique advantages of two-way transboundary transmission, insusceptible to complex hydro-logical environment, and especially suitable for shallow water channel and other environments with harsh propagation characteristics, providing a promising solution for transboundary information transmission. However, the rapid attenuation of magnetic field component with the increase of distance and frequency limits the coverage and transmission rate of the transboundary magnetic induction communication. Therefore, enhancing magnetic field component at a distance has become a focus of magnetic induction communication research. An undersea-to-air transboundary magnetic induction communication scheme based on relay transmission is proposed in this paper, in which a virtual distributed antenna array is formed by processing and relaying the received signals performed at the relay terminals, and the distributed spatial diversity gain can be obtained which is used to enhance the underwater magnetic field component, expand the magnetic induction propagation range, and increase the transmission bandwidth and improve the receiving signal-to-noise ratio as well. Moreover, even in a dynamic marine environment, the relay transmission can be effectively realized and the communication performance can be guaranteed. In this paper, the propagation model of relay transmission based undersea-to-air transboundary magnetic induction communication is established by using the magnetic dipole model in layered conductive media. The effective communication range of direct and relay communication are defined by using their receiving thresholds, and the basic methods and steps to determine the relay location are presented. The communication coverage and available transmission bandwidth of undersea-to-air transboundary magnetic induction communication under different relay scenarios are analyzed and compared by calculating the underwater magnetic induction strength distribution. The numerical results indicate that the underwater coverage and available bandwidth of transboundary magnetic induction communication can be simultaneously doubled under the appropriate number and location of relays. The research in this paper suggests that the relay transmission scheme for magnetic induction communication is suitable for the application in dynamic environment with high propagation loss, which greatly increases the feasibility and effectiveness of the magnetic induction communication as a transboundary communication technology.
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Keywords:
- magnetic induction /
- channel model /
- transboundary communication /
- layered conducting medium
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 基于中继的海-空跨界通信示意图
Figure 1. Diagram of relay based sea-air transboundary communication.
图 2 海空-中继-跨界传播模型的坐标系
Figure 2. Coordinate system of a sea-air-relay-transboundary propagation model.
图 3 水下通信范围随中继位置的变化
Figure 3. Variation of underwater communication ranges with relay locations.
图 4 不同中继数时, 最高频率随深度的变化 (a) r = 40 m; (b) r = 100 m
Figure 4. Variation of the highest frequency with depth at different relay numbers: (a) r = 40 m; (b) r = 100 m.
图 5 不同中继位置时, 最高频率随深度的变化 (a) m = (2, –3); (b) m = (7, –8)
Figure 5. Variation of the highest frequency with depth at different relay locations: (a) m = (2, –3); (b) m = (7, –8).
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[1] Durrani S H 1962 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 10 524
Google Scholar
[2] Durrani S H 1964 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 12 464
Google Scholar
[3] Bannister P R 1967 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. AP-15 618
Google Scholar
[4] Bannister P R 1984 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. OE-9 154
Google Scholar
[5] 叶红霞, 金亚秋 2009 物理学报 58 4579
Google Scholar
Yue H Y, Jin Y Q 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4579
Google Scholar
[6] Afanasev K, Gafurov S 2015 International Congress on Sound and Vibration Florence, Italy July 12−16, 2015 p1
[7] Callaham M 1981 IEEE Commun. Mag. 19 16
Google Scholar
[8] Sojdehei J J, Wrathall P N, Dinn D F 2001 MTS/IEEE OCEANS 2001 Conference Proceedings Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, November 5−8, 2001 p513
[9] Chai B B, Zhang X, Wang J H 2018 OCEANS - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Oceans (OTO) Kobe, Japan, May 28−31, 2018 p1
[10] Zhang X, Wang J H, Zhang X J 2019 J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 33 1287
Google Scholar
[11] Li Y Z, Wang S N, Jin C, Zhang Y, Jiang T 2019 IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials. 21 2466
Google Scholar
[12] Guo H Z, Sun Z, Sun J B, Litchinitser N M 2015 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 63 5072
Google Scholar
[13] Kim H J, Park J H, Oh K S, Choi J P, Jang J E, Choi J W 2016 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 64 1952
Google Scholar
[14] Guo H Z, Sun Z 2016 IEEE Communications Conference Washington DC, USA, December 4−8, 2016 p1
[15] Akyildiz I F, Wang P, Sun Z 2015 IEEE Commun. Mag. 53 42
Google Scholar
[16] Gulbahar B, Akan O B 2012 IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 11 3326
Google Scholar
[17] Guo H Z, Sun Z, Wang P 2017 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 66 6619
Google Scholar
[18] Domingo M C 2012 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 60 2929
Google Scholar
[19] Sun Z, Akyildiz I F 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58 2426
Google Scholar
[20] Kisseleff S, Sackenreuter B, Akyildiz I F, Gerstacker W 2015 IEEE ICC 2015-Ad-hoc and Sensor Networking Symposium (ICC’15-AHSN) London, United Kingdom, June 10, 2015 p6541
[21] Sun Z, Akyildiz I F 2013 IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 12 996
Google Scholar
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