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Laser has the advantages of high brightness, good monochromaticity, high coherence and good directionality, however, in some cases such as laser imaging and laser processing where only its high brightness or high monochromaticity is desired, the interference effect caused by high coherence can affect and limit its effective applications. In this work, a new single glass tube decoherence lens (SGTDL) is designed for soft X-ray laser decoherence through the simulation calculations. The simulation results show that an SGTDL with an entrance diameter of 5 mm, exit diameter of 0.6 mm and a length of 15 cm can effectively reduce the coherence of the X-ray laser with a wavelength of 10 nm and a beam waist radius of 1.25 mm. At the same time, the exit beam with a divergence range of 30–50 mrad is obtained at the SGTDL’s exit, and the transmission efficiency and gain in power density of the SGTDL are 78% and 52.74, respectively. For a laser beam with a wavelength of up to 1 nm, this model of SGTDL can maintain the transmission efficiency of the beam at more than 30%. This work also discusses the influence of the X-ray laser energy and the SGTDL’s length on the transmission performances of the SGTDL. The results show that the SGTDL designed according to the total reflection principle can meet the application requirements for laser decoherence in a range from the extreme ultraviolet to X-ray wavelength, and has a wide application prospect in X-ray laser imaging, laser processing, etc.
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Keywords:
- soft X-ray laser /
- decoherence /
- X-ray optics /
- glass tube X-ray optics based on external total reflection
[1] 余永, 李钦明, 杨家岳等 2019 中国激光 46 0100005
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Jia H Y, Huang S L, Jiao Y, Li J Y, Liu K X, Liu S, Liu W H, Liu Z Q, Long T Y, Qin W L, Zhao S 2022 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 34 054001
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[6] 郭金坤, 赵泽佳, 凌进中, 袁影, 王晓蕊 2022 物理学报 71 174203
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Guo J K, Zhao Z J, Ling J Z, Yuan Y, Wang X R 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 174203
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[10] 徐捷, 穆宝忠, 陈亮, 李文杰, 徐欣业, 王新, 王占山, 张兴, 丁永坤 2020 强激光与粒子束 32 1001
Google Scholar
Xu J, Mu B Z, Chen L, Li W J, Xu X Y, Wang X, Wang Z S, Zhang X, Ding Y K 2020 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 32 1001
Google Scholar
[11] Ceglio N M 1991 Laser Part. Beams 9 71
Google Scholar
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Wang H J, Ye Y, Yang Q G, Li Z Z, Liu H J 2022 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 34 1001
Google Scholar
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Wang C, Hong H, Fang Z H, Xiong J, Wang W, Sun J R 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 015203
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Google Scholar
[16] Xue L 2021 M. S. Thesis (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[21] 王丽丽 2014 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京师范大学)
Wang L L 2014 M. S. Thesis (Beijing: Beijing Normal University) (in Chinese)
[22] 孙天希 2022 光学学报 42 1134002
Sun T X 2022 Acta Opt. Sin. 42 1134002
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图 1 光线追迹示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of ray tracing.
图 2 光线在SGTDL中传输过程示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of light transmission process in SGTDL.
图 3 一对波列通过空间中某点P
Figure 3. A pair of wave trains passing through a point P in space.
图 4 SGTDL去相干原理示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of SGTDL decoherence principle.
图 5 出口处相位分布模拟结果
Figure 5. Simulation results of the phase distribution at the outlet
图 6 透镜长度对传输效率的影响
Figure 6. Effect of lens length on transmission efficiency.
图 7 入射软X射线激光波长对传输效率的影响
Figure 7. Effect of incident laser wavelength on transmission efficiency.
图 8 透镜发散度张角示意图
Figure 8. Diagram of lens divergence tensor angle.
图 9 SGTDL出口处光斑形貌 (a)光斑三维形貌图; (b)光斑二维形貌图
Figure 9. Shape of light spot at the exit of SGTDL: (a) Spot 3D morphology; (b) spot 2D morphology.
表 1 模拟参数
Table 1. Simulation parameters.
模拟参数 参数值 透镜入口直径/mm 5.0 透镜出口直径/mm 0.6 透镜长度/mm 15 模拟光线数/根 18000 软X射线激光能量/eV 124 束腰半径/mm 1.25 
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表 2 不同长度透镜的发散度
Table 2. Divergence of lenses with different lengths.
L/cm $ {\phi }_{{x}^{+}}/ $rad $ {\phi }_{{y}^{+}} $/rad $ {\phi }_{{x}^{-}} $/rad $ {\phi }_{{y}^{-}} $/rad 5 0.131 0.089 0.131 0.165 10 0.06 0.049 0.065 0.082 15 0.043 0.029 0.045 0.055 20 0.032 0.031 0.032 0.035
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表 3 不同长度SGTDL的光强增益
Table 3. Light intensity gain of SGTDL with the different lengths.
L/cm 5 10 15 20 光强增益 33.45 47.68 52.74 57.35
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[1] 余永, 李钦明, 杨家岳等 2019 中国激光 46 0100005
Google Scholar
Yu Y, Li Q M, Yang J Y, et al. 2019 Chin. J. Lasers 46 0100005
Google Scholar
[2] Ma R M, Oulton R F 2019 Nat. Nanotechnol. 14 12
Google Scholar
[3] He L, Özdemir Ş K, Yang L 2013 Laser Photonics Rev. 7 60
Google Scholar
[4] 贾豪彦, 黄森林, 焦毅, 李京祎, 刘克新, 刘帅, 刘伟航, 刘中琦, 龙天云, 秦伟伦, 赵晟 2022 强激光与粒子束 34 054001
Google Scholar
Jia H Y, Huang S L, Jiao Y, Li J Y, Liu K X, Liu S, Liu W H, Liu Z Q, Long T Y, Qin W L, Zhao S 2022 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 34 054001
Google Scholar
[5] Kopp C, Ravel L, Meyrueis P 1999 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 1 398
Google Scholar
[6] 郭金坤, 赵泽佳, 凌进中, 袁影, 王晓蕊 2022 物理学报 71 174203
Google Scholar
Guo J K, Zhao Z J, Ling J Z, Yuan Y, Wang X R 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 174203
Google Scholar
[7] Eschen W, Loetgering L, Schuster V, Klas R, Kirsche A, Berthold L, Steinert M, Pertsch T, Gross H, Krause M, Limpert J, Rothhardt J 2022 Light Sci. Appl. 11 117
Google Scholar
[8] Rez P 2021 Ultramicroscopy 231 113301
Google Scholar
[9] Suckewer S, Morozov A, Goltsov A, Sokolov A V, Scully M O 2021 Laser Phys. Lett. 18 115001
Google Scholar
[10] 徐捷, 穆宝忠, 陈亮, 李文杰, 徐欣业, 王新, 王占山, 张兴, 丁永坤 2020 强激光与粒子束 32 1001
Google Scholar
Xu J, Mu B Z, Chen L, Li W J, Xu X Y, Wang X, Wang Z S, Zhang X, Ding Y K 2020 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 32 1001
Google Scholar
[11] Ceglio N M 1991 Laser Part. Beams 9 71
Google Scholar
[12] 王洪建, 叶雁, 阳庆国, 李泽仁, 刘红杰 2022 强激光与粒子束 34 1001
Google Scholar
Wang H J, Ye Y, Yang Q G, Li Z Z, Liu H J 2022 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 34 1001
Google Scholar
[13] 王琛, 红海, 方智恒, 熊俊, 王伟, 孙今人 2018 物理学报 67 015203
Google Scholar
Wang C, Hong H, Fang Z H, Xiong J, Wang W, Sun J R 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 015203
Google Scholar
[14] 裴宪梓, 梁永浩, 王菲, 朱效立, 谢常青 2019 光子学报 48 314001
Google Scholar
Pei X Z, Liang Y H, Wang F, Zhu X L, Xie C Q 2019 Acta Photonica Sin. 48 314001
Google Scholar
[15] 刘志辉, 石振东, 杨欢, 李国俊, 方亮, 周崇喜 2014 红外与激光工程 43 1007
Google Scholar
Liu Z H, Shi Z D, Yang H, Li G J, Fang L, Zhou C X 2014 Infrared and Laser Engineering 43 1007
Google Scholar
[16] Xue L 2021 M. S. Thesis (Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)
[17] Hsiao Y N, Wu H P, Chen C H, Lin Y C, Lee M K, Liu S H 2014 Opt. Rev. 21 715
Google Scholar
[18] Lindau S A 2012 Conference on Laser Beam Shaping XIII San Diego, CA, USA, August 13, 2012 p114
[19] Zhang Y, Dong B Z, Gu B Y, Yang G Z 1998 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15 1114
Google Scholar
[20] Schreiber P, Kudaev S, Dannberg P, Zeitner U D 2006 Nonimaging Optics and Efficient Illumination Systems II Strasbourg, France, April 5–6, 2006 p188
[21] 王丽丽 2014 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京师范大学)
Wang L L 2014 M. S. Thesis (Beijing: Beijing Normal University) (in Chinese)
[22] 孙天希 2022 光学学报 42 1134002
Sun T X 2022 Acta Opt. Sin. 42 1134002
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