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Microwave thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) is an exciting imaging technique rooted from the underlying principle of exploiting the distinct electrical properties of biological tissues. By using short-pulsed microwaves as a stimulation source and their interaction with the human body, MTAI has paved the way for revolutionary advancements in medical imaging. When microwaves are absorbed by polar molecules and ions within the tissues, an ingenious thermoelastic effect gives rise to ultrasound waves. These ultrasound waves, brimming with invaluable pathological and physiological insights, propagate outward, carrying the essence of the composition and functionality of biological tissue. Through a meticulous collection of ultrasound signals from all directions surrounding the tissue, it becomes possible to reconstruct intricate internal structures and visualize the tissue's functional dynamics. The MTAI excels in non-invasiveness, capable of delving several centimeters beneath the surface with a microscopic resolution on the order of micrometers. The magic lies in converting microwave energy into ultrasound waves, entering into the hidden depths of tissues without causing harm. This groundbreaking imaging modality unlocks a realm of possibilities for acquiring profound insights into the intricate structures and functionality of deep-seated tissues. Furthermore, the inherent polarization characteristics of microwaves empower MTAI to capture additional dimensions of information, unraveling the intricate polarization properties and illuminating a richer understanding of the tissue's complexity. The great potential of MTAI extends far and wide within the medicine field. It has made remarkable achievements in non-invasive imaging of brain structures, screening breast tumors, visualizing human arthritis, and detecting liver fat content. These accomplishments have laid a solid foundation, firmly establishing MTAI as a trailblazing medical imaging technique. The present study offers a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the physical principles underpinning MTAI, the sophisticated system devices involved, and the recent groundbreaking research breakthroughs. Moreover, it delves into the exciting prospects and challenges that lie ahead in the future development of MTAI. As the technology continues to progress by leaps and bounds, MTAI is ready to break down barriers, and usher in a new era of unmatched imaging quality and performance. This, in turn, will open the floodgates for transformative innovations and applications in medical diagnosis and treatment. The anticipation is palpable as MTAI strives to make substantial contributions to the ever-developing medical imaging field, bestowing upon humanity more accurate, reliable, and life-enhancing diagnostic capabilities.
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其他类型引用(16)
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图 3 微波热声成像技术典型实现方案 (a)微波乳腺热声成像一体化探头装置图[16]; (b)微波热声脑成像装置图[15]; (c)微波乳腺热声成像装置[66]; (d)微波热声关节成像装置图[17]
Figure 3. Typical implementation scheme of microwave thermoacoustic imaging technology: (a) Microwave-induced breast thermoacoustic imaging integrated probe device[16]; (b) diagram of a Microwave-induced brain thermoacoustic imaging device[15]; (c) microwave-induced breast thermoacoustic imaging system[66]; (d) microwave-induced thermoacoustic joint imaging device[17].
图 4 微波热声成像乳腺成像 (a) Kruger等[74]的乳腺成像图; (b) 微波热声乳腺成像实操图[16]; (c) 乳房的解剖结构示意图[16]; (d) 覃欢团队[16]乳腺成像图
Figure 4. MTAI breast imaging: (a) Kruger et al.[74] breast imaging; (b) microwave thermoacoustic breast imaging actual operation diagram[16]; (c) anatomical diagram of the breast[16]; (d) breast imaging of Professor Qin Huan’s team[16].
表 1 微波源各参数对成像影响
Table 1. Influence of various parameters of microwave source on imaging.
成像影响 微波源参数 分辨率 脉冲宽度、脉冲波形 信噪比 脉冲重复频率、脉冲能量强度 对比度 中心频率、脉冲能量强度 成像深度 中心频率、脉冲能量强度 物质 电导率/(S·m–1) 脑灰质 2.2588 脑白质 1.5393 血液 3.0991 脑脊液 4.0592 小脑 2.5189 血管壁 1.8444 硬膜 2.0485 脊髓 1.3530 -
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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