Search

Article

x

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Absolute calibration method of electron cyclotron emission imaging system on EAST tokamak

Pei Bo-Yang Zhuang Ge Xie Jin-Lin Zhou Yi-Nan

Citation:

Absolute calibration method of electron cyclotron emission imaging system on EAST tokamak

Pei Bo-Yang, Zhuang Ge, Xie Jin-Lin, Zhou Yi-Nan
PDF
HTML
Get Citation
  • Electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) system can provide the poloidal two-dimensional (2D) relative electron temperature perturbation profile of the core plasma with high spatial and temporal resolution. After absolute calibration of ECEI system, 2D absolute electron temperature profile and its perturbation can be provided. It can provide experimental data support for studying the local heat transport and the evolution of magnetic surface of macro magneto-hydro-dynamics instability. However, due to a large number of measurement channels and the wide measuring area of ECEI diagnostic system, the absolute calibration method in which a blackbody radiation source is used as a standard source, still has technical difficulties.This paper provides an absolute calibration method of ECEI diagnostic system on EAST tokamak, which can cover all the channels of ECEI system. Firstly, the sawtooth inversion surface can be determined by measuring the relative electron temperature change before and after the collapse of the sawtooth. The magnetic surface position and the shape (${S_{{\text{inv}}}}$) of the ECEI measuring area are fitted based on the position and shape of the inversion surface. Then, the one-to-one mapping relationship between laboratory coordinates of each ECEI channel and magnetic surface is obtained. Secondly, according to the assumption that the electron temperature is the same on each magnetic surface in equilibrium, the electron temperature of each magnetic surface is fitted by the electron cyclotron emission (ECE) system result, while the ECE system is absolutely calibrated. The calibration coefficient k(i, j) of each ECEI channel is obtained by comparing with the signal amplitude and the electron temperature on the magnetic surface. The relative error of absolute electron temperature between ECEI and ECE is no more than 6% at the same location.Based on the absolute electron temperature profile provided by ECEI, the motion of the magnetic axis during sawtooth instability can be tracked. It is found that the radial displacement of the magnetic axis occurs followed by the poloidal displacement during sawtooth collapse. This result indicates that after absolute calibration, the ECEI system can provide more abundant information about experimental research.
      Corresponding author: Zhuang Ge, gezhuang@ustc.edu.cn
    [1]

    Hutchinson I H 1987 Principles of Plasma Diagnostics (New York: Cambridge University Press) pp139–144

    [2]

    Sajjad S, Gao X, Ling B, Ti A, Du Q 2008 Meas. Sci. Technol. 19 075701Google Scholar

    [3]

    Liu X, Zhao H L, Liu Y, Li E Z, Han X, Domier C W, Luhmann N C, Ti A, Hu L Q, Zhang X D 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 093508Google Scholar

    [4]

    Qian J P, Lao L L, Holcomb C T, Wan B N, Sun Y W, Moreau D, Li E, Zeng L, Hanada K, Garofalo A M, Gong X Z, Shen B, Xiao B J 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 084001Google Scholar

    [5]

    Nagayama Y, Taylor G, Yamada M, Fredrickson E D, Janos A C, McGuire K M 1996 Nucl. Fusion 36 521Google Scholar

    [6]

    Nagayama Y, Kawahata K, Inagaki S, et al. 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 205001Google Scholar

    [7]

    Nagayama Y, Taylor G, Fredrickson E D, Budny R V, Janos A C, Mansfield D K, McGuire K M, Yamada M 1996 Phys. Plasmas 3 2631Google Scholar

    [8]

    Park H, Mazzucato E, Munsat T, Domier C W, Johnson M, Luhmann N C, Wang J, Xia Z, Classen I G J, Donné A J H, VanDePol M J 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 3787Google Scholar

    [9]

    Park H K, Luhmann N C, Donné A J H, Classen I G J, Domier C W, Mazzucato E, Munsat T, van de Pol M J, Xia Z 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 195003Google Scholar

    [10]

    Igochine V, Boom J, Classen I, Dumbrajs O, Günter S, Lackner K, Pereverzev G, Zohm H, ASDEX Upgrade Team 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 122506Google Scholar

    [11]

    Nam Y B, Ko J S, Choe G H, Bae Y, Choi M J, Lee W, Yun G S, Jardin S, Park H K 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 066009Google Scholar

    [12]

    Choi M J, Yun G S, Lee W, Park H K, Park Y S, Sabbagh S A, Gibson K J, Bowman C, Domier C W, Luhmann N C, Bak J G, Lee S G, the KSTAR Team 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 083010Google Scholar

    [13]

    Kim G, Yun G S, Woo M, the KSTAR team 2019 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 61 055001Google Scholar

    [14]

    Han D Q, Xie J L, Hussain A, Gao B X, Qu C M, Liao W, Xu X H, Gao F X, Li H, Lan T, Liu A, Zhuang G, Liu W D 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 10H119Google Scholar

    [15]

    高炳西 2013 博士学位论文 (合肥: 中国科学技术大学)

    Gao B X 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China

    [16]

    Kadomtsev B B 1975 Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 1 389

    [17]

    Powell M J D 1977 Math. Program. 12 241Google Scholar

    [18]

    Holmström K 2008 J. Global Optim. 41(3) 447Google Scholar

    [19]

    Fitzgibbon A, Pilu M, Fisher R B 1999 IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 21 476Google Scholar

    [20]

    Waltz R E, Miller R L 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6 4265Google Scholar

    [21]

    Luo Z P, Xiao B J, Zhu Y F, Yang F 2010 Plasma Sci. Technol. 12 412Google Scholar

    [22]

    伟森J 著(王文浩 译) 2021 托卡马克(北京: 清华大学出版社)第75—78页

    Wesson J (translated by Wang W H) 2021 Tokamaks (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) pp75–78

    [23]

    Vezinet D, Igochine V, Weiland M, Yu Q, Gude A, Meshcheriakov D, Sertoli M, the Asdex Upgrade Team, the EUROfusion MST1 Team 2016 Nucl. Fusion 56 086001Google Scholar

  • 图 1  (a) EAST上ECE和ECEI诊断的测量位置在极向截面上的投影(B0 = 1.79 T); (b) EAST上ECE和ECEI诊断的环向位置, 环向角$\phi $相差45°

    Figure 1.  (a) Projection of ECE and ECEI diagnostic measurement positions on the poloidal cross section on the EAST (B0 = 1.79 T); (b) toroidal location of ECE and ECEI diagnoses on the EAST, with a 45° difference in toroidal angle $\phi $.

    图 2  EAST的42288炮放电数据 (a)黑线为Ip 电流/MA, 红线为ICRH总加热功率; (b)黑线为等离子体储能Wmhd, 红线为等离子体密度${n_{\text{e}}} \times {10^{19}}$; (c) ECEI的第12行、6列通道的幅值Iecei ; (d) ECE的第2个测量通道(R =187 cm)的绝对温度${T_{\text{e}}}$. 图(a)—(d)为1—8.8 s的放电参数随时间变化图, 图(e)—(h)为截取4.85—4.95 s的放电参数随时间变化图, 蓝竖线为选取的判断锯齿反转面时刻

    Figure 2.  Data of shot 42288 of the EAST: (a) Black line is Ip, plasma current, and the red line is the total power of ICRH; (b) the black line indicates plasma energy storage Wmhd, and the red line indicates plasma density ${n_{\text{e}}} \times {10^{19}}$; (c) the radial value Iecei of the channel in row 12 and column 6 of ECEI; (d) absolute temperature ${T_{\text{e}}}$ of ECE’s second measurement channel (R = 187 cm). The diagram on the panels (a)–(d) show the variation of discharge parameters of 1—8.8 s over time, the diagram on the panels (e)–(h) show the variation of discharge parameters of 4.85—4.95 s over time, and the blue verticals line show the time when the sawtooth inversion surface is given.

    图 3  通过锯齿崩塌过程ECEI扰动数据获取ECEI实验室坐标与等离子体磁面坐标对映关系的流程示意图

    Figure 3.  Flow diagram of mapping relationship between ECEI laboratory coordinates and plasma magnetic surface coordinates is obtained by using ECEI disturbance data of sawtooth crash process.

    图 4  42288炮的识别反转面结果 (a)—(d)分别对应图2的4条竖线所选取时刻来进行识别

    Figure 4.  Results identificate inversion surfaces in shot 42288: (a)–(d) Corresponding to the time selected by the four vertical lines in Fig. 2, respectively

    图 5  (a) EAST的42288炮4.90609 s时, 由ECEI锯齿反转面拟合的磁面形状(红线)与EFIT反演的磁面形状(黑虚线)对比; (b) 图(a)的局部放大结果; (c) EFIT反演磁面的沙夫拉诺夫位移随归一化小半径$\rho $的变化, 其中红竖线是ECEI诊断窗口在$\rho $的最大范围

    Figure 5.  (a) For EAST of 42288 shot 4.90609 s, the shape of the magnetic surface fitted by the ECEI sawtooth inversion surface (red line) is compared with the shape of the EFIT magnetic surface (black dashed line); (b) local magnification of panel (a); (c) change of Shafranov shift of EFIT magnetic surface with normalized small radius $\rho $, where the red vertical line is the maximum range of the ECEI diagnostic window in $\rho $.

    图 6  ECEI实验室坐标与磁面坐标对映的示意图, 将ECE数据插值得到磁面${\psi _1}$位置处(${R_2}, {Z_2}$)的绝对温度, 并使用坐标变换得到同一磁面处的ECEI通道(${R_1}, {Z_1}$), 其中锯齿反转面近似为椭圆, 长轴为${a_0}$, 短轴为${b_0}$, 所处的磁面为${\psi _0}$

    Figure 6.  Schematic showing the ECEI laboratory coordinates mapping to the magnetic surface coordinates. Interpolate ECE data to obtain the absolute temperature at the magnetic surface ${\psi _1}$ position (${R_2}, {Z_2}$), and then the ECEI channel (${R_1}, {Z_1}$) at the same magnetic surface is obtained by using coordinate transformation. The zigzag inversion surface is approximately an ellipse, the major axis is ${a_0}$, the short axis is ${b_0}$, and the magnetic surface is ${\psi _0}$.

    图 7  EAST的ECEI标定系数, 横纵坐标分别表示ECEI的径向与纵向的道号, 不同颜色为标定的系数大小, 白色为坏道位置

    Figure 7.  ECEI calibration coefficient of EAST, the horizontal and vertical coordinates represent the radial and vertical channel numbers of ECEI respectively, the color bars represent the value of the calibrated coefficient, and white is the position of the bad track.

    图 8  ECEI标定结果与ECE对比 (a)标定后ECEI所有道与ECE绝对温度的对比; (b)标定后ECEI中心道($j$= 12)与ECE绝对温度的对比

    Figure 8.  Results of ECEI calibration were compared with those of ECE: (a) Comparison of all ECEI channels and ECE absolute temperatures after calibration; (b) the absolute temperature of ECEI center channel ($j$= 12) compared with ECE after calibration.

    图 9  崩塌期间ECEI芯部位移跟踪结果 (a)基于绝对温度, 用质心法跟踪的芯部的面积范围; (b)不同范围得到的芯部轨迹

    Figure 9.  Trajectories of ECEI core core movement tracing during sawtooth collapse: (a) Area range of the core tracked by the centroid method based on the absolute temperature; (b) core tracks obtained at different ranges.

  • [1]

    Hutchinson I H 1987 Principles of Plasma Diagnostics (New York: Cambridge University Press) pp139–144

    [2]

    Sajjad S, Gao X, Ling B, Ti A, Du Q 2008 Meas. Sci. Technol. 19 075701Google Scholar

    [3]

    Liu X, Zhao H L, Liu Y, Li E Z, Han X, Domier C W, Luhmann N C, Ti A, Hu L Q, Zhang X D 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 093508Google Scholar

    [4]

    Qian J P, Lao L L, Holcomb C T, Wan B N, Sun Y W, Moreau D, Li E, Zeng L, Hanada K, Garofalo A M, Gong X Z, Shen B, Xiao B J 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 084001Google Scholar

    [5]

    Nagayama Y, Taylor G, Yamada M, Fredrickson E D, Janos A C, McGuire K M 1996 Nucl. Fusion 36 521Google Scholar

    [6]

    Nagayama Y, Kawahata K, Inagaki S, et al. 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 205001Google Scholar

    [7]

    Nagayama Y, Taylor G, Fredrickson E D, Budny R V, Janos A C, Mansfield D K, McGuire K M, Yamada M 1996 Phys. Plasmas 3 2631Google Scholar

    [8]

    Park H, Mazzucato E, Munsat T, Domier C W, Johnson M, Luhmann N C, Wang J, Xia Z, Classen I G J, Donné A J H, VanDePol M J 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 3787Google Scholar

    [9]

    Park H K, Luhmann N C, Donné A J H, Classen I G J, Domier C W, Mazzucato E, Munsat T, van de Pol M J, Xia Z 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 195003Google Scholar

    [10]

    Igochine V, Boom J, Classen I, Dumbrajs O, Günter S, Lackner K, Pereverzev G, Zohm H, ASDEX Upgrade Team 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 122506Google Scholar

    [11]

    Nam Y B, Ko J S, Choe G H, Bae Y, Choi M J, Lee W, Yun G S, Jardin S, Park H K 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 066009Google Scholar

    [12]

    Choi M J, Yun G S, Lee W, Park H K, Park Y S, Sabbagh S A, Gibson K J, Bowman C, Domier C W, Luhmann N C, Bak J G, Lee S G, the KSTAR Team 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 083010Google Scholar

    [13]

    Kim G, Yun G S, Woo M, the KSTAR team 2019 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 61 055001Google Scholar

    [14]

    Han D Q, Xie J L, Hussain A, Gao B X, Qu C M, Liao W, Xu X H, Gao F X, Li H, Lan T, Liu A, Zhuang G, Liu W D 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 10H119Google Scholar

    [15]

    高炳西 2013 博士学位论文 (合肥: 中国科学技术大学)

    Gao B X 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China

    [16]

    Kadomtsev B B 1975 Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 1 389

    [17]

    Powell M J D 1977 Math. Program. 12 241Google Scholar

    [18]

    Holmström K 2008 J. Global Optim. 41(3) 447Google Scholar

    [19]

    Fitzgibbon A, Pilu M, Fisher R B 1999 IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 21 476Google Scholar

    [20]

    Waltz R E, Miller R L 1999 Phys. Plasmas 6 4265Google Scholar

    [21]

    Luo Z P, Xiao B J, Zhu Y F, Yang F 2010 Plasma Sci. Technol. 12 412Google Scholar

    [22]

    伟森J 著(王文浩 译) 2021 托卡马克(北京: 清华大学出版社)第75—78页

    Wesson J (translated by Wang W H) 2021 Tokamaks (Beijing: Tsinghua University Press) pp75–78

    [23]

    Vezinet D, Igochine V, Weiland M, Yu Q, Gude A, Meshcheriakov D, Sertoli M, the Asdex Upgrade Team, the EUROfusion MST1 Team 2016 Nucl. Fusion 56 086001Google Scholar

  • [1] Chen Ji-Hui, Wang Feng, Li Yu-Long, Zhang Xing, Yao Ke, Guan Zan-Yang, Liu Xiang-Ming. Tomographic incoherent holography for microscale X-ray source. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(19): 195203. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230920
    [2] Zhao Zi-Bo, Zhuang Ge, Xie Jin-Lin, Qu Cheng-Ming, Qiang Zi-Wei. Implementation of spectral clustering algorithm for automatic identification of plasma coherence patterns. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(15): 155202. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220367
    [3] Meng Ju, He Zhen-Cen, Yan Jun, Wu Ze-Qing, Yao Ke, Li Ji-Guang, Wu Yong, Wang Jian-Guo. Effects of electric quadrupole transitions on ion energy-level populations of in electron beam ion trap plasma. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(19): 195201. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220489
    [4] Wang Chen, An Hong-Hai, Fang Zhi-Heng, Xiong Jun, Wang Wei, Sun Jin-Ren. Spatial resolution study of soft X-ray laser backlight shadow imaging technique. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(1): 015203. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20171124
    [5] Wang Chen, An Hong-Hai, Wang Wei, Fang Zhi-Heng, Jia Guo, Meng Xiang-Fu, Sun Jin-Ren, Liu Zheng-Kun, Fu Shao-Jun, Qiao Xiu-Mei, Zheng Wu-Di, Wang Shi-Ji. Diagnoses of Au plasma with soft X-ray double frequency grating interference technique. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(12): 125210. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.125210
    [6] Wang Chen, An Hong-Hai, Jia Guo, Fang Zhi-Heng, Wang Wei, Meng Xiang-Fu, Xie Zhi-Yong, Wang Shi-Ji. Diagnosis of high-Z plasma with soft X-ray laser probe. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(21): 215203. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.215203
    [7] Di Hui-Ge, Hua Deng-Xin, Wang Yu-Feng, Yan Qing. Investigation on the correction of the Mie scattering lidar's overlapping factor and echo signals over the total detection range. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(9): 094215. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.094215
    [8] Shao Xu-Ping, Gong Tian-Lin, Chen Yan, Chen Jing-Xia, Chen Yang-Qin, Yang Xiao-Hua. Spectroscopic diagnosis of the relative ionization depth with different buffer gases. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(3): 1677-1680. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.1677
    [9] Wang Chen, Zheng Wu-Di, Fang Zhi-Heng, Sun Jin-Ren, Wang Wei, Xiong Jun, Fu Si-Zu, Gu Yuan, Wang Shi-Ji, Qiao Xiu-Mei, Zhang Guo-Ping. Shadow imaging studies on laser-ablated foil target by using an X-ray laser. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(7): 4767-4773. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.4767
    [10] Zhang Ji-Tao, Li Yan, Luo Zhi-Yong. A traceable calibration method for spectroscopic ellipsometry. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(1): 186-191. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.186
    [11] Chen Bo-Lun, Yang Zheng-Hua, Cao Zhu-Rong, Dong Jian-Jun, Hou Li-Fei, Cui Yan-Li, Jiang Shao-En, Yi Rong-Qing, Li San-Wei, Liu Shen-Ye, Yang Jia-Min. Reflectivity uncertainty analysis of planar mirror calibration in BSRF. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(10): 7078-7085. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.7078
    [12] Ran Lin-Song, Wang Hong-Bin, Li Xiang-Dong, Zhang Ji-Yan, Cheng Xin-Lu. Spectral line shift of He-like titanium in hot and dense plasmas. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(9): 6096-6100. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.6096
    [13] Wang Chen, Fang Zhi-Heng, Sun Jin-Ren, Wang Wei, Xiong Jun, Ye Jun-Jian, Fu Si-Zu, Gu Yuan, Wang Shi-Ji, Zhen Wu-Di, Ye Wen-Hua, Qiao Xiu-Mei, Zhang Guo-Ping. Experimental diagnosis of plasma jets by using an X-ray laser. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(12): 7770-7775. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.7770
    [14] Yi Rong-Qing, Yang Guo-Hong, Cui Yan-Li, Du Hua-Bing, Wei Min-Xi, Dong Jian-Jun, Zhao Yi-Dong, Cui Ming-Qi, Zheng Lei. Study of X-ray detector system characteristics on the 3B3 medium energy beamline in BSRF. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(12): 6287-6292. doi: 10.7498/aps.55.6287
    [15] Gong Tian-Lin, Yang Xiao-Hua, Li Hong-Bing, Han Liang-Kai, Chen Yang-Qin. Dependence of the molecular ionic spectral intensity on the pressure of mother molecules. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(2): 418-422. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.418
    [16] Sun Ke-Xu, Yi Rong-Qing, Yang Guo-Hong, Jiang Shao-En, Cui Yan-Li, Liu Shen-Ye, Ding Yong-Kun, Cui Ming-Qi, Zhu Pei-Ping, Zhao Yi-Dong, Zhu Jie, Zheng Lei, Zhang Jing-He. The reflectance calibration of soft x-ray planar mirror with different grazing angle. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(4): 1099-1104. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.1099
    [17] Wan Xiong, Yu Sheng-Lin, Wang Chang-Kun, Le Shu-Ping, Li Bing-Ying, He Xing-Dao. Emission spectral tomography algorithm based on multi-objective optimization and its application in plasma diagnosis. Acta Physica Sinica, 2004, 53(9): 3104-3113. doi: 10.7498/aps.53.3104
    [18] Dong Quan-Lin, Liu Bin. . Acta Physica Sinica, 2002, 51(10): 2191-2196. doi: 10.7498/aps.51.2191
    [19] YANG HONG-QIONG, YANG JIAN-LUN, WEN SHU-HUAI, WANG GEN-XING, GUO YU-ZHI, TANG ZHENG-YUAN, MU WEI-BING, MA CHI. DT FUEL AREAL DENSITY DIAGNOSTIC IN DIRECT-DRIVEN IMPLOSIONS. Acta Physica Sinica, 2001, 50(12): 2408-2412. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.2408
    [20] YU JIAN-HUA, HUANG JIAN-JUN. PLASMA DIAGNOSIS OF RF DISCHARGE BY USING IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT. Acta Physica Sinica, 2001, 50(12): 2403-2407. doi: 10.7498/aps.50.2403
Metrics
  • Abstract views:  1327
  • PDF Downloads:  39
  • Cited By: 0
Publishing process
  • Received Date:  10 April 2024
  • Accepted Date:  14 May 2024
  • Available Online:  25 May 2024
  • Published Online:  05 July 2024

/

返回文章
返回