Effect of alternating electric field induced by cold atmospheric plasma on conformation and function of interleukin-6

Xing Ren-Fang; Chen Ming; Li Rui-Yu; Li Shu-Qian; Zhang Rui; Hu Xiao-Chuan

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240927

Abstract

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is considered to be a very promising cancer treatment method due to its “selective” killing effect on cancer cells. The CAP can inhibit tumor inflammatory responses and activate the immune system by reducing the expression of the key inflammatory factor Interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the influence of the strong alternating electric field induced by CAP on the conformation and function of IL-6 remains unclear. In this study molecular dynamics simulation is used to investigate the effects of alternating electric fields with different frequencies and intensities on the conformation of IL-6. We statistically analyze the root mean square fluctuations, root mean square deviation, secondary structural alterations, and dipole moment changes of IL-6 under different electric field parameters. Furthermore, molecular docking is utilized to assess the influence on the receptor-binding process. The results show that when the electric field frequency is below 30 MHz and the intensity exceeds 0.5 V/nm, the average dipole moment of IL-6 increases, leading to changes in the rigid regions at the C-terminus which maintain structural stability. Specifically, the salt bridges that stabilize the long helices rupture, and the number of α-helices decreases. The docking outcomes reveal that the distance between the key binding residues of the conformationally altered IL-6 and its receptor increases, thereby disrupting the normal binding process and potentially impairing its normal biological functionality. This study explains the internal interaction mechanism of CAP-induced electric fields affecting IL-6-related biological effects at the micro level, and provides important theoretical basis for optimizing parameters in the practical application of CAP in tumor inflammation treatment and the development of effective cancer therapy strategies.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China
2.
Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710068, China
3.
Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

Corresponding author: Hu Xiao-Chuan, huxc@chd.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M702629), the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2024SF-YBXM-386), the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2023-JC-YB-004), and the Scientists + Engineers Team Construction Project of Xi’an, China (Grant No. 24KGDW0023).

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Yan D, Sherman J H, Keidar M 2017 Oncotarget 8 15977 Google Scholar
[2]	Graves D B 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 080901 Google Scholar
[3]	Limanowski R, Yan D, Li L, Keidar M 2022 Cancers (Basel) 14 3461 Google Scholar
[4]	Dubuc A, Monsarrat P, Virard F, et al. 2018 Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol. 10 1 Google Scholar
[5]	张浩, 张基珅, 许德晖, 刘定新, 荣命哲 2023 电工技术学报 38 231 Google Scholar Zhang H, Zhang J K, Xu D H, Liu D X, Rong M Z 2023 Trans. China Electrotech. Soc. 38 231 Google Scholar
[6]	Dai X, Wu J, Lu L, Chen Y 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics 31 496 Google Scholar
[7]	胡笑钏, 张晓伟, 刘样溪, 周古翔, 吕毅 2022 中国肝胆外科杂志 28 6 Google Scholar Hu X C, Zhang X W, Liu Y X, Zhou G X, Lü Y 2022 Chin. J. Hepatobil. Surg. 28 6 Google Scholar
[8]	Li Y, Tang T Y, Lee H J, Song K 2021 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 3956 Google Scholar
[9]	Dejonckheere C S, Torres-Crigna A, Layer J P, et al. 2022 Pharmaceutics 14 1767 Google Scholar
[10]	Schuster M, Seebauer C, Rutkowski R, et al. 2016 J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 44 1445 Google Scholar
[11]	Hirasawa I, Odagiri H, Park G, Sanghavi R, Oshita T, Togi A, Yoshikawa K, Mizutani K, Takeuchi Y, Kobayashi H, Katagiri S, Iwata T, Aoki A 2023 Plos One 18 e0292267 Google Scholar
[12]	Yusupov M, Van der Paal J, Neyts E C, Bogaerts A 2017 Bba-Gen Subjects 1861 839 Google Scholar
[13]	Jin X R, Hu X C, Chen J Y, Shan L Q, Hao D J, Zhang R 2024 J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329288
[14]	Negi M, Kaushik N, Lamichhane P, Jaiswal A, Borkar S B, Patel P, Singh P, Ha Choi E, Kaushik N K 2024 J. Hazard. Mater. 472 134562 Google Scholar
[15]	Song M H, Tang Y, Cao K M, Qi L, Xie K P 2024 Front. Endocrinol. 15 1408312 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhao H K, Wu L, Yan G F, Chen Y, Zhou M Y, Wu Y Z, Li Y S 2021 Signal. Transduct. Tar. 6 263 Google Scholar
[17]	Wolf J, Rose-John S, Garbers C 2014 Cytokine 70 11 Google Scholar
[18]	Akbari Z, Saadati F, Mahdikia H, Freund E, Abbasvandi F, Shokri B, Zali H, Bekeschus S 2021 Appl. Sci. 11 4527 Google Scholar
[19]	Fu L, Fung F K, Lo A C, Chan Y K, So K F, Wong I Y, Shih K C, Lai J S 2018 Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 7 7 Google Scholar
[20]	覃建锋, 宋海旺, 孙宝飞, 吉杨丹, 龙思方, 杨丹 2024 解剖学报 55 260 Google Scholar Tan J F, Song H W, Sun B F, Ji Y D, Long S F, Yang D 2024 Acta Anatom. Sin 55 260 Google Scholar
[21]	Filipe H A L, Loura L M S 2022 Molecules 27 2105 Google Scholar
[22]	Wu X, Xu L Y, Li E M, Dong G 2022 Chem. Biol. Drug. Des. 99 789 Google Scholar
[23]	孙远昆, 郭良浩, 王凯程, 王少萌, 宫玉彬 2021 物理学报 70 248701 Google Scholar Sun Y K, Guo L H, Wang K C, Wang S M, Gong Y B 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 248701 Google Scholar
[24]	Zhang Q, Shao D Q, Xu P, Jiang Z T 2022 Polymers-Basel 14 123 Google Scholar
[25]	Fallah Z, Jamali Y, Rafii-Tabar H 2016 Plos One 11 e0166412 Google Scholar
[26]	Hu X, Jin X, Xing R, Liu Y, Feng Y, Lyu Y, Zhang R 2023 Results in Physics 51 106621 Google Scholar
[27]	周晗, 耿轶钊, 晏世伟 2024 物理学报 73 048701 Google Scholar Zhou H, Geng Y, Yan S 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 048701 Google Scholar
[28]	Gupta M, Ha K, Agarwal R, Quarles L D, Smith J C 2021 Proteins 89 163 Google Scholar
[29]	Schillinger O, Panwalkar V, Strodel B, Dingley A J 2017 J. Phys. Chem. B 121 8113 Google Scholar
[30]	Arisi M, Soglia S, Pisani E G, et al. 2021 Dermatology Ther. 11 855 Google Scholar
[31]	Uchida G, Ito T, Ikeda J, Suzuki T, Takenaka K, Setsuhara Y 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 096201 Google Scholar
[32]	Lin A, Truong B, Patel S, Kaushik N, Choi E H, Fridman G, Fridman A, Miller V 2017 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18 966 Google Scholar
[33]	Hu Q, Joshi R P, Schoenbach K H 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 031902 Google Scholar
[34]	Pronk S, Páll S, Schulz R, et al. 2013 Bioinformatics 29 845 Google Scholar
[35]	Huang J, MacKerell A D 2013 J. Comput. Chem. 34 2135 Google Scholar
[36]	Bussi G, Donadio D, Parrinello M 2007 J. Chem. Phys. 126 014101 Google Scholar
[37]	Parrinello M, Rahman A 1981 J. Appl. Phys. 52 7182 Google Scholar
[38]	Cheng T M, Blundell T L, Fernandez-Recio J 2007 Proteins 68 503 Google Scholar
[39]	Biggin P C, Smith G R, Shrivastava I, Choe S, Sansom M S 2001 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1510 1 Google Scholar
[40]	Urabe G, Katagiri T, Katsuki S 2020 Bioelectricity 2 33 Google Scholar
[41]	赵伟, 杨瑞金, 张文斌, 华霄, 唐亚丽 2011 食品科学 32 91 Google Scholar Zhao W, Yang R J, Zhang W B, Hua X, Tang Y L 2011 Food Sci. 32 91 Google Scholar
[42]	Leebeek F W, Kariya K, Schwabe M, Fowlkes D M 1992 J. Biol. Chem. 267 14832 Google Scholar
[43]	Fontaine V, Savino R, Arcone R, de Wit L, Brakenhoff J P, Content J, Ciliberto G 1993 Eur. J. Biochem. 211 749 Google Scholar
[44]	Yang Z H, Xiao A, Liu D W, Shi Q, Li Y 2023 Plasma Process Polym. 20 2200242 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 (a) IL-6的结构, 青色代表长螺旋, 粉色代表短螺旋; (b) IL-6与受体结合示意图

Figure 1. (a) IL-6 structure, where cyan represents long helix, pink represents short helix; (b) diagram of IL-6 binding to IL-6R.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) 电场频率及 (b) 电场强度对IL-6的RMSD影响

Figure 2. RMSD of the protein IL-6 at electric field with different (a) frequencies and (b) intensities.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) 电场频率及 (b) 电场强度对IL-6的RMSF影响

Figure 3. RMSF of the protein IL-6 at electric field with different (a) frequencies and (b) intensities.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 电场对形成盐桥的残基质心距离的影响

Figure 4. Effect of electric field on the center distance of residual salt bridge.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) 电场频率及 (b) 电场强度对IL-6C端二级结构总数的影响

Figure 5. Total number of secondary structures of the C-terminal of IL-6 at electric field with different (a) frequencies and (b) intensities.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同强度电场下IL-6二级结构变化

Figure 6. Stride evolution of secondary structures of protein IL-6 at different electric field intensities.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 不同电场强度下IL-6结构快照

Figure 7. Three-dimensional structures of protein IL-6 at different electric field intensities.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) 电场频率及 (b) 电场强度对偶极矩的影响

Figure 8. Total dipole moment of the protein IL-6 at electric field with different (a) frequencies and (b) intensities.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 (a) 无电场与 (b) f = 30 MHz, E = 0.5 V/nm电场作用下, IL-6与其受体结合能力, 其中绿色代表配体IL-6, 黄色代表受体IL-6R α

Figure 9. Effect of electric field on the docking of IL-6 and IL-6R: (a) No electric field; (b) f = 30 MHz, E = 0.5 V/nm. Green, ligand IL-6; yellow, receptor IL-6R α.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Yan D, Sherman J H, Keidar M 2017 Oncotarget 8 15977 Google Scholar
[2]	Graves D B 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 080901 Google Scholar
[3]	Limanowski R, Yan D, Li L, Keidar M 2022 Cancers (Basel) 14 3461 Google Scholar
[4]	Dubuc A, Monsarrat P, Virard F, et al. 2018 Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol. 10 1 Google Scholar
[5]	张浩, 张基珅, 许德晖, 刘定新, 荣命哲 2023 电工技术学报 38 231 Google Scholar Zhang H, Zhang J K, Xu D H, Liu D X, Rong M Z 2023 Trans. China Electrotech. Soc. 38 231 Google Scholar
[6]	Dai X, Wu J, Lu L, Chen Y 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics 31 496 Google Scholar
[7]	胡笑钏, 张晓伟, 刘样溪, 周古翔, 吕毅 2022 中国肝胆外科杂志 28 6 Google Scholar Hu X C, Zhang X W, Liu Y X, Zhou G X, Lü Y 2022 Chin. J. Hepatobil. Surg. 28 6 Google Scholar
[8]	Li Y, Tang T Y, Lee H J, Song K 2021 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22 3956 Google Scholar
[9]	Dejonckheere C S, Torres-Crigna A, Layer J P, et al. 2022 Pharmaceutics 14 1767 Google Scholar
[10]	Schuster M, Seebauer C, Rutkowski R, et al. 2016 J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg. 44 1445 Google Scholar
[11]	Hirasawa I, Odagiri H, Park G, Sanghavi R, Oshita T, Togi A, Yoshikawa K, Mizutani K, Takeuchi Y, Kobayashi H, Katagiri S, Iwata T, Aoki A 2023 Plos One 18 e0292267 Google Scholar
[12]	Yusupov M, Van der Paal J, Neyts E C, Bogaerts A 2017 Bba-Gen Subjects 1861 839 Google Scholar
[13]	Jin X R, Hu X C, Chen J Y, Shan L Q, Hao D J, Zhang R 2024 J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329288
[14]	Negi M, Kaushik N, Lamichhane P, Jaiswal A, Borkar S B, Patel P, Singh P, Ha Choi E, Kaushik N K 2024 J. Hazard. Mater. 472 134562 Google Scholar
[15]	Song M H, Tang Y, Cao K M, Qi L, Xie K P 2024 Front. Endocrinol. 15 1408312 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhao H K, Wu L, Yan G F, Chen Y, Zhou M Y, Wu Y Z, Li Y S 2021 Signal. Transduct. Tar. 6 263 Google Scholar
[17]	Wolf J, Rose-John S, Garbers C 2014 Cytokine 70 11 Google Scholar
[18]	Akbari Z, Saadati F, Mahdikia H, Freund E, Abbasvandi F, Shokri B, Zali H, Bekeschus S 2021 Appl. Sci. 11 4527 Google Scholar
[19]	Fu L, Fung F K, Lo A C, Chan Y K, So K F, Wong I Y, Shih K C, Lai J S 2018 Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol. 7 7 Google Scholar
[20]	覃建锋, 宋海旺, 孙宝飞, 吉杨丹, 龙思方, 杨丹 2024 解剖学报 55 260 Google Scholar Tan J F, Song H W, Sun B F, Ji Y D, Long S F, Yang D 2024 Acta Anatom. Sin 55 260 Google Scholar
[21]	Filipe H A L, Loura L M S 2022 Molecules 27 2105 Google Scholar
[22]	Wu X, Xu L Y, Li E M, Dong G 2022 Chem. Biol. Drug. Des. 99 789 Google Scholar
[23]	孙远昆, 郭良浩, 王凯程, 王少萌, 宫玉彬 2021 物理学报 70 248701 Google Scholar Sun Y K, Guo L H, Wang K C, Wang S M, Gong Y B 2021 Acta Phys. Sin. 70 248701 Google Scholar
[24]	Zhang Q, Shao D Q, Xu P, Jiang Z T 2022 Polymers-Basel 14 123 Google Scholar
[25]	Fallah Z, Jamali Y, Rafii-Tabar H 2016 Plos One 11 e0166412 Google Scholar
[26]	Hu X, Jin X, Xing R, Liu Y, Feng Y, Lyu Y, Zhang R 2023 Results in Physics 51 106621 Google Scholar
[27]	周晗, 耿轶钊, 晏世伟 2024 物理学报 73 048701 Google Scholar Zhou H, Geng Y, Yan S 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 048701 Google Scholar
[28]	Gupta M, Ha K, Agarwal R, Quarles L D, Smith J C 2021 Proteins 89 163 Google Scholar
[29]	Schillinger O, Panwalkar V, Strodel B, Dingley A J 2017 J. Phys. Chem. B 121 8113 Google Scholar
[30]	Arisi M, Soglia S, Pisani E G, et al. 2021 Dermatology Ther. 11 855 Google Scholar
[31]	Uchida G, Ito T, Ikeda J, Suzuki T, Takenaka K, Setsuhara Y 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 096201 Google Scholar
[32]	Lin A, Truong B, Patel S, Kaushik N, Choi E H, Fridman G, Fridman A, Miller V 2017 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18 966 Google Scholar
[33]	Hu Q, Joshi R P, Schoenbach K H 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 031902 Google Scholar
[34]	Pronk S, Páll S, Schulz R, et al. 2013 Bioinformatics 29 845 Google Scholar
[35]	Huang J, MacKerell A D 2013 J. Comput. Chem. 34 2135 Google Scholar
[36]	Bussi G, Donadio D, Parrinello M 2007 J. Chem. Phys. 126 014101 Google Scholar
[37]	Parrinello M, Rahman A 1981 J. Appl. Phys. 52 7182 Google Scholar
[38]	Cheng T M, Blundell T L, Fernandez-Recio J 2007 Proteins 68 503 Google Scholar
[39]	Biggin P C, Smith G R, Shrivastava I, Choe S, Sansom M S 2001 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1510 1 Google Scholar
[40]	Urabe G, Katagiri T, Katsuki S 2020 Bioelectricity 2 33 Google Scholar
[41]	赵伟, 杨瑞金, 张文斌, 华霄, 唐亚丽 2011 食品科学 32 91 Google Scholar Zhao W, Yang R J, Zhang W B, Hua X, Tang Y L 2011 Food Sci. 32 91 Google Scholar
[42]	Leebeek F W, Kariya K, Schwabe M, Fowlkes D M 1992 J. Biol. Chem. 267 14832 Google Scholar
[43]	Fontaine V, Savino R, Arcone R, de Wit L, Brakenhoff J P, Content J, Ciliberto G 1993 Eur. J. Biochem. 211 749 Google Scholar
[44]	Yang Z H, Xiao A, Liu D W, Shi Q, Li Y 2023 Plasma Process Polym. 20 2200242 Google Scholar

[1]	Zhou Han, Geng Yi-Zhao, Yan Shi-Wei. Full-atomistic molecular dynamics analysis of p53 active tetramer. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(4): 048701. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20231515
[2]	Zhang Hong-Shuo, Zhou Yong-Zhuang, Shen Yong, Zou Hong-Xin. Simulation of Coulomb crystal structure and motion trajectory of calcium ions in linear ion trap. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(1): 013701. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221674
[3]	Xin Yong, Bao Hong-Wei, Sun Zhi-Peng, Zhang Ji-Bin, Liu Shi-Chao, Guo Zi-Xuan, Wang Hao-Yu, Ma Fei, Li Yuan-Ming. Effects of Th doping on mechanical properties of U_1–_xTh_xO₂: An atomistic simulation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(12): 122801. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20202239
[4]	Li Xing-Xin, Li Si-Ping. Manipulations on mechanical properties of multilayer folded graphene by annealing temperature: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(19): 196102. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200836
[5]	Liang Jin-Jie, Gao Ning, Li Yu-Hong. Effect of interstitial ${\left\langle {100} \right\rangle }$ dislocation loop on expansion of micro-crack in body centered cubic iron investigated by molecular dynamics method. Acta Physica Sinica, 2020, 69(11): 116102. doi: 10.7498/aps.69.20200317
[6]	Shen Ming-Ren, Liu Rui, Hou Mei-Ying, Yang Ming-Cheng, Chen Ke. Mesoscale Simulation of self-diffusiophoretic microrotor. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(17): 170201. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.170201
[7]	Wang Qi-Dong, Peng Zeng-Hui, Liu Yong-Gang, Yao Li-Shuang, Ren Gan, Xuan Li. Rotational viscosity comparison of liquid crystals based on the molecular dynamics of mixtures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(12): 126102. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.126102
[8]	Yuan Si-Wei, Feng Yan-Hui, Wang Xin, Zhang Xin-Xin. Molecular dynamics simulation of thermal conductivity of mesoporous α-Al2O3. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(1): 014402. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.014402
[9]	Qi Yu, Qu Chang-Rong, Wang Li, Fang Teng. Liquid-liquid phase segregation process of Fe50Cu50 melt by molecular dynamics simulation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(4): 046401. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.46401
[10]	Deng Yang, Liu Rang-Su, Zhou Qun-Yi, Liu Hai-Rong, Liang Yong-Chao, Mo Yun-Fei, Zhang Hai-Tao, Tian Ze-An, Peng Ping. Simulation study of effect of initial melt temperature on microstructure evolution of liquid metal Ni during solidfication process. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(16): 166101. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.166101
[11]	Zhang Chong-Long, Kong Wei, Yang Fang, Liu Song-Fen, Hu Bei-Lai. Dynamical and structural properties of two-dimensional dusty plasma with modified screened coulomb potential. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(9): 095201. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.095201
[12]	Jian Zeng-Yun, Gao A-Hong, Chang Fang-E, Tang Bo-Bo, Zhang Long, Li Na. Molecular dynamics simulation of the critical and subcritical nuclei during solidification of nickel melt. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(5): 056102. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.056102
[13]	Wang Jun, Zhang Bao-Ling, Zhou Yu-Lu, Hou Qing. Molecular dynamics simulation of helium behavior in tungsten matrix. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(10): 106601. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.106601
[14]	Quan Wei-Long, Li Hong-Xuan, Ji Li, Zhao Fei, Du Wen, Zhou Hui-Di, Chen Jian-Min. Molecular dynamical simulation on the mechanical property of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(8): 5687-5691. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.5687
[15]	Hou Zhao-Yang, Liu Li-Xia, Liu Rang-Su, Tian Ze-An. Simulation of evolution mechanisms of microstructures during rapid solidification of Al-Mg alloy melt. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(7): 4817-4825. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.4817
[16]	Kai Hua, Li Yun-Chao, Guo De-Cheng, Li Shuang, Li Zhi-Jie. Molecular dynamics simulation of the structure characteristic of diamond-like carbon films influence by oblique incidence ion-beam-assisted deposition. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(7): 4888-4894. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.4888
[17]	Zhou Li-Li, Liu Rang-Su, Hou Zhao-Yang, Tian Ze-An, Lin Yan, Liu Quan-Hui. Simulation study of effects of cooling rate on evolution of micro-cluster structures during solidification of liquid Pb. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(6): 3653-3660. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.3653
[18]	Hou Zhao-Yang, Liu Rang-Su, Wang Xin, Tian Ze-An, Zhou Qun-Yi, Chen Zhen-Hua. Simulation study of effects of initial melt temperature on microstructure of liquid metal Na during solidification processes. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(1): 376-383. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.376
[19]	Li Zhi-Jie, Pan Zheng-Ying, Zhu Jing, Wei Qi, Wang Yue-Xia, Zang Liang-Kun, Zhou Liang, Liu Ti-Jiang. Simulations of the structure characteristic of diamond-like carbon films formed by ion-beam-assisted deposition. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(5): 2233-2238. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.2233
[20]	Hou Zhao-Yang, Liu Rang-Su, Li Chen-Shan, Zhou Qun-Yi, Zheng Cai-Xing. Simulation study of effects of cooling rate on microstructure of liquid metal Na during solidification processes. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(12): 5723-5729. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.5723

Catalog

Vol. 73, Issue 18 - 2024-09-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 934
PDF Downloads: 19
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板