μSR experimental progress and trends of developing muon facilities

Wang Ying; Shu Lei

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20240940

Abstract

Muon spin relaxation/rotation (μSR) is a highly sensitive technique for investigating magnetic properties on an atomic scale. With the continuous development of this technique, the researches in condensed matter physics have been significantly promoted. Firstly, this article introduces the advantages and uniqueness of μSR technique, followed by several recent progress contributed by μSR in the field of condensed matter physics, including revealing the magnetic ground state of superconducting nickelates La₃Ni₂O₇ and (R, Sr)NiO₂, the investigation into the charge density wave in kagome lattice superconductor AV₃Sb₅ (A = K, Rb), identifying the magnetic droplets immersed in a sea of quantum spin liquid ground state in NaYbSe₂, and the exploration of magnetic monopole near a magnetoelectric surface of Cr₂O₃. Finally, this article summarizes the current construction status and upgrade plans of muon facilities in the world.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Wang Ying¹,
Shu Lei^1,2

1.
State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
2.
Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China

Corresponding author: Shu Lei, leishu@fudan.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12174065) and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project, China (Grant No. 2019SHZDZX01).

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References

[1]	Karlsson E B 2022 Eur. Phys. J. H 47 4 Google Scholar
[2]	Shu L, Ni X J, Pan Z W 2021 Physics 50 257 [殳蕾, 倪晓杰, 潘子文 2021 物理 50 257]Google Scholar Shu L, Ni X J, Pan Z W 2021 Physics 50 257 Google Scholar
[3]	Bednorz J G, Muller K A 1986 Z. Phys. B Condens. Mat. 64 189 Google Scholar
[4]	Sun H L, Huo M W, Hu X W, Li J Y, Liu Z J, Han Y F, Tang L Y, Mao Z Q, Yang P T, Wang B S, Cheng J G, Yao D X, Zhang G M, Wang M 2023 Nature 621 493 Google Scholar
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[6]	Tohyama T 2012 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 51 10004 Google Scholar
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[9]	Yin J X, Lian B, Hasan M Z 2022 Nature 612 647 Google Scholar
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[16]	Dirac P 1931 Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math. Phys. 133 60 Google Scholar
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[19]	Wiegelmann H, Jansen A G M, Wyder P, Rivera J P, Schmid H 1994 Ferroelectrics 162 141 Google Scholar
[20]	Meier Q N, Fechner M, Nozaki T, Sahashi M, Salman Z, Prokscha T, Suter A, Schoenherr P, Lilienblum M, Borisov P, Dzyaloshinskii I E, Fiebig M, Luetkens H, Spaldin N A 2019 Phys. Rev. X 9 11011 Google Scholar
[21]	SμS Instruments. https://www.psi.ch/en/smus/instruments [2024-09-18]
[22]	FLexible Advanced MuSR Environment (FLAME) Project. https://www.psi.ch/en/smus/flame-project [2024-09-18]
[23]	Super-MuSR. https://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Super-MuSR.aspx [2024-09-18]
[24]	μSR Beamlines at TRIUMF. https://cmms.triumf.ca/equip/muSRbeamlines.html [2024-09-18]
[25]	Muon Instruments at Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility. https://j-parc.jp/researcher/MatLife/en/instrumentation/ms.html [2024-09-18]
[26]	Kanda S, Teshima N, Adachi T, Ikedo Y, Miyake Y, Nagatani Y, Nakamura S, Oishi Y, Shimomura K, Strasser P, Umezawa T 2023 The Ultra-Slow Muon Beamline at J-PARC: Present Status and Future Prospects2462) (Parma) p12030
[27]	Li Q, Pan Z W, Bao Y, Yang T, Cheng H, Li Y, Hu H, Liang H, Ye B 2023 Design of the First μSR Spectrometer at China Spallation Neutron Source2462) (Parma) p12022
[28]	Williams T J, MacDougall G J 2017 Future Muon Source Possibilities at the SNS (Oak Ridge, TN (United States): Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
[29]	Choi S, Park J, Roh Y J 2015 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 66 762 Google Scholar
[30]	彭毅, 赵国强, 邓正, 靳常青 2024 物理学报 73 017503 Google Scholar Peng Y, Zhao G Q, Deng Z, Jin C Q 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 017503 Google Scholar
[31]	McClelland I, Johnston B, Baker P J, Amores M, Cussen E J, Corr S A (Clarke D R ed) 2020 Muon Spectroscopy for Investigating Diffusion in Energy Storage Materials) p371

Cited By

图 1 (a) μSR技术的原理示意图; (b) μSR技术填补了其他手段测量动态磁场的频率空白

Figure 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the principle of μSR technique; (b) μSR technique fills in the gap of magnetic fluctuation rate between multiple techniques.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) La₃Ni₂O₇中的缪子不对称性参数谱在154 K以下出现了明显的振荡衰减^[7]; (b) RbV₃Sb₅中缪子自旋弛豫率Γ在CDW转变温度$T_1^* 和T_2^*$处明显增强, 表明出现该转变打破时间反演对称^[11]; (c) 量子自旋液体“海洋”中沉浸的自旋磁滴^[15]; (d) 磁电材料Cr₂O₃表面上的单个电荷将诱导出表面下的镜像磁单极子, 这一镜像磁单极子又能在表面之上产生理想的单极磁场^[20]

Figure 2. (a) Muon asymmetry spectrum in La₃Ni₂O₇ shows clear oscillations and damping below T = 154 K^[7]; (b) muon spin relaxation rate Γ, is strongly enhanced below $T = T_1^*,\;T_2^* $, suggesting the time reversal symmetry broken CDW in RbV₃Sb₅^[11]; (c) magnetic droplets immersed in a sea of quantum spin liquid^[15]; (d) a single charge above the surface of magnetoelectric materials, Cr₂O₃, induces an image monopole beneath the surface, the image monopole then generates an ideal monopolar magnetic field above the surface^[20].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 μSR设施的主要参数

Table 1. Main parameters of μSR facilities.

主要参数	PSI	TRIUMF	ISIS	J-PARC	CSNS
质子功率/MW	1.4	0.07	0.14	1	0.02
表面缪子流强/s^–1	10⁷—10⁹	2×10⁶	10⁷—10⁸	1.5×10⁷	10⁵
自旋极化率/%	> 95	> 90	> 90	> 95	95
重复频率/Hz	连续型	连续型	40	25	1—5
不对称性参数A₀	0.3	0.28	0.28	0.25	0.32
计数率/(M·h^–1·cm^–2)	~25	~15	~100*	~55	~20
注: * 100 M/(h·cm²)是ISIS现有谱仪EMU的计数率, 正在改建的Super-MuSR将会使计数率提高到约1400 M/(h·cm²).

DownLoad: CSV

[1]	Karlsson E B 2022 Eur. Phys. J. H 47 4 Google Scholar
[2]	Shu L, Ni X J, Pan Z W 2021 Physics 50 257 [殳蕾, 倪晓杰, 潘子文 2021 物理 50 257]Google Scholar Shu L, Ni X J, Pan Z W 2021 Physics 50 257 Google Scholar
[3]	Bednorz J G, Muller K A 1986 Z. Phys. B Condens. Mat. 64 189 Google Scholar
[4]	Sun H L, Huo M W, Hu X W, Li J Y, Liu Z J, Han Y F, Tang L Y, Mao Z Q, Yang P T, Wang B S, Cheng J G, Yao D X, Zhang G M, Wang M 2023 Nature 621 493 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhang Y N, Su D J, Huang Y E, Shan Z Y, Sun H L, Huo M W, Ye K X, Zhang J W, Yang Z H, Xu Y K, Su Y, Li R, Smidman M, Wang M, Jiao L, Yuan H Q 2024 Nat. Phys. 20 1269 Google Scholar
[6]	Tohyama T 2012 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 51 10004 Google Scholar
[7]	Chen K W, Liu X Q, Jiao J C, Zou M Y, Jiang C Y, Li X, Luo Y X, Wu Q, Zhang N Y, Guo Y F, Shu L 2024 Phys. Rev. Lett. 132 256503 Google Scholar
[8]	Fowlie J, Hadjimichael M, Martins M M, Li D, Osada M, Wang B Y, Lee K, Lee Y, Salman Z, Prokscha T, Triscone J, Hwang H Y, Suter A 2022 Nat. Phys. 18 1043 Google Scholar
[9]	Yin J X, Lian B, Hasan M Z 2022 Nature 612 647 Google Scholar
[10]	Ortiz B R, Gomes L C, Morey J R, Winiarski M, Bordelon M, Mangum J S, Oswald L, Rodriguez-Rivera J A, Neilson J R, Wilson S D, Ertekin E, McQueen T M, Toberer E S 2019 Phys. Rev. Mater. 3 94407 Google Scholar
[11]	Guguchia Z, Mielke C, Das D, Gupta R, Yin J X, Liu H, Yin Q, Christensen M H, Tu Z, Gong C, Shumiya N, Hossain M S, Gamsakhurdashvili T, Elender M, Dai P, Amato A, Shi Y, Lei H C, Fernandes R M, Hasan M Z, Luetkens H, Khasanov R 2023 Nat. Commun. 14 153 Google Scholar
[12]	Shumiya N, Hossain M S, Yin J, Jiang Y, Ortiz B R, Liu H, Shi Y, Yin Q, Le H, Zhan S S, Chang G, Zhang Q, Cochran T A, Multer D, Litskevich M, Cheng Z, Yang X P, Guguchia Z, Wilson S D, Hasan M Z 2021 Phys. Rev. B 104 35131 Google Scholar
[13]	Anderson P W 1973 Mater. Res. Bull. 8 153 Google Scholar
[14]	Liu W W, Zhang Z, Ji J T, Liu Y X, Li J Q, Wang X Q, Lei H C, Chen G, Zhang Q M 2018 Chin. Phys. Lett. 35 117501 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhu Z H, Pan B L, Nie L P, Ni J M, Yang Y X, Chen C S, Jiang C Y, Huang Y Y, Cheng E J, Yu Y J, Miao J J, Hillier A D, Chen X H, Wu T, Zhou Y, Li S Y, Shu L 2023 Innovation 4 100459 Google Scholar
[16]	Dirac P 1931 Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A-Math. Phys. 133 60 Google Scholar
[17]	Rajantie A 2016 Phys. Today 69 40 Google Scholar
[18]	Fechner M, Spaldin N A, Dzyaloshinskii I E 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 184415 Google Scholar
[19]	Wiegelmann H, Jansen A G M, Wyder P, Rivera J P, Schmid H 1994 Ferroelectrics 162 141 Google Scholar
[20]	Meier Q N, Fechner M, Nozaki T, Sahashi M, Salman Z, Prokscha T, Suter A, Schoenherr P, Lilienblum M, Borisov P, Dzyaloshinskii I E, Fiebig M, Luetkens H, Spaldin N A 2019 Phys. Rev. X 9 11011 Google Scholar
[21]	SμS Instruments. https://www.psi.ch/en/smus/instruments [2024-09-18]
[22]	FLexible Advanced MuSR Environment (FLAME) Project. https://www.psi.ch/en/smus/flame-project [2024-09-18]
[23]	Super-MuSR. https://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Super-MuSR.aspx [2024-09-18]
[24]	μSR Beamlines at TRIUMF. https://cmms.triumf.ca/equip/muSRbeamlines.html [2024-09-18]
[25]	Muon Instruments at Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility. https://j-parc.jp/researcher/MatLife/en/instrumentation/ms.html [2024-09-18]
[26]	Kanda S, Teshima N, Adachi T, Ikedo Y, Miyake Y, Nagatani Y, Nakamura S, Oishi Y, Shimomura K, Strasser P, Umezawa T 2023 The Ultra-Slow Muon Beamline at J-PARC: Present Status and Future Prospects2462) (Parma) p12030
[27]	Li Q, Pan Z W, Bao Y, Yang T, Cheng H, Li Y, Hu H, Liang H, Ye B 2023 Design of the First μSR Spectrometer at China Spallation Neutron Source2462) (Parma) p12022
[28]	Williams T J, MacDougall G J 2017 Future Muon Source Possibilities at the SNS (Oak Ridge, TN (United States): Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
[29]	Choi S, Park J, Roh Y J 2015 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 66 762 Google Scholar
[30]	彭毅, 赵国强, 邓正, 靳常青 2024 物理学报 73 017503 Google Scholar Peng Y, Zhao G Q, Deng Z, Jin C Q 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 017503 Google Scholar
[31]	McClelland I, Johnston B, Baker P J, Amores M, Cussen E J, Corr S A (Clarke D R ed) 2020 Muon Spectroscopy for Investigating Diffusion in Energy Storage Materials) p371

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