石墨烯类超导体的单磁性杂质效应

赵宗阳; 李铭; 周涛

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230830

摘要

超导体的磁性杂质效应以及其中存在的束缚态(即Yu-Shiba-Rusinov 态)一直受到较多的关注. 最近, 在实验室中, 成功发现了石墨烯类超导材料中Yu-Shiba-Rusinov 态的存在. 本文在实空间建立描述石墨烯材料超导态的有效哈密顿量, 考虑单个磁性杂质, 构造Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG)方程, 并对超导序参量做自洽计算, 在此基础上, 理论研究了石墨烯类超导体的磁性杂质效应. 计算结果显示, 仅当超导的配对对称性是传统的s波配对时, 能隙内会出现Yu-Shiba-Rusinov 束缚态, 束缚态的位置以及强度和杂质的磁矩有关, 且强度显示出了明显的正负非对称性, 但对于p+ip和d+id配对对称性, 则不存在能隙内的束缚态. 本文的理论计算结果一方面对实验现象做了合理解释, 另一方面指出了石墨烯和传统超导组成的异质结系统, 石墨烯层由于临近效应诱导出来的超导配对项仍然是s波配对.

关键词:

石墨烯 /
超导 /
磁性杂质 /
束缚态

Abstract

The magnetic impurity effects and the existence of bound states (i.e. Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states) in superconductors have been a topic of great interest. Recently, the existence of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in graphene-based superconducting materials has been successfully observed in the laboratory. In this work, an effective Hamiltonian in real space is established to describe the superconducting state of graphene materials by considering a single magnetic impurity. Thus the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equation is constructed and the self-consistency calculations of the superconducting order parameter are conducted. On this basis, the effects of magnetic impurities on graphene-like superconductors are investigated theoretically. The numerical results show that the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov state can only appear in the symmetry of the superconducting pair of the traditional s-wave coupling. The position and strength of the bound state are related to the magnetic moment of the impurity, showing a notable electron-hole asymmetry. There are no bound states in the energy gap for other pairing symmetries. This theoretical calculation not only provides a reasonable explanation for experimental phenomena, but also demonstrates that the heterojunction system composed of graphene and traditional superconductors has an s-wave superconducting pairing induced by the proximity effect in the graphene layer.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

华南师范大学物理学院, 广东省量子调控工程与材料重点实验室, 粤港量子物质联合实验室, 广州　510006

通信作者: 李铭, wliming@scnu.edu.cn ; 周涛, tzhou@scnu.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 12074130)和广东省自然科学基金(批准号: 2021A1515012340)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Corresponding author: Li Ming, wliming@scnu.edu.cn ; Zhou Tao, tzhou@scnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12074130) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2021A1515012340).

文章全文

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 根据(7)式自洽计算得到的s波超导序参量的空间分布

Fig. 1. Spatial distribution of the superconducing order parameter based on the self-consistent calculation [Eq.(7)].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 (a) 平均粒子数$ n_i $的空间分布; (b) 局域磁矩$ m_i $的空间分布

Fig. 2. (a) Spatial distribution of the on-site particle number $ n_i $; (b) spatial distribution of the local magnetic moment $ m_i $.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 s波配对情况下磁性杂质附近的局域电子态密度的计算结果　(a) 杂质点位置的局域电子态密度; (b) 杂质最近邻格点上的局域电子态密度

Fig. 3. Numerical results of the local density of states near the magnetic impurity site for the s-wave graphene based superconductor: (a) The local density of states at the impurity site; (b) the local density of states at the nearest neighbor site of the impurity.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 d+id波和p+ip波配对情况下磁性杂质附近的局域电子态密度的计算结果　(a) d+id配对杂质点位置的局域电子态密度; (b) d+id 配对杂质最近邻格点上的局域电子态密度; (c) p+ip配对杂质点位置的局域电子态密度; (d) p+ip配对杂质最近邻格点上的局域电子态密度

Fig. 4. Numerical results of the local density of states near the magnetic impurity site for the d+id-wave and p+ip-wave graphene based superconductor: (a) The local density of states at the impurity site for the d+id pairing symmetry; (b) the local density of states at the nearest neighbor site of the impurity for the d+id pairing symmetry; (c) the local density of states at the impurity site for the p+ip pairing symmetry; (d) the local density of states at the nearest neighbor site of the impurity for the p+ip pairing symmetry.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Tonnoir C, Kimouche A, Coraux J, Magaud L, Delsol B, Gilles B, Chapelier C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 246805 Google Scholar
[2]	Ichinokura S, Sugawara K, Takayama A, Takahashi T, Hasegawa S 2016 Acs Nano 10 2761 Google Scholar
[3]	Ichinokura S, Sugawara K, Takayama A, Takahashi T, Hasegawa S 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 23254 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhou H X, Xie T, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Young A F 2021 Nature 598 434 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhou H, Holleis L, Saito Y, Cohen L, Huynh W, Patterson C L, Yang F, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Young A F 2022 Science 375 774 Google Scholar
[6]	Cao Y, Fatemi V, Fang S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kaxiras E, Jarillo-Herrero P 2018 Nature 556 43 Google Scholar
[7]	Cao Y, Park J M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Jarillo-Herrero P 2021 Nature 595 526 Google Scholar
[8]	Lee G H, Lee H J 2018 Rep. Prog. Phys. 81 056502 Google Scholar
[9]	Bernardo A D, Millo O, Barbone M, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14024 Google Scholar
[10]	Ma T, Yang F, Yao H, Lin H Q 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 245114 Google Scholar
[11]	Faye J P L, Sahebsara P, Senechal D 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 085121 Google Scholar
[12]	Nandkishore R, Levitov L S, Chubukov A V 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 158 Google Scholar
[13]	Kiesel M L, Platt C, Hanke W, Abanin D A, Thomale R 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 020507(R Google Scholar
[14]	Nandkishore R, Thomale R, Chubukov A V 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 144501 Google Scholar
[15]	Xiao L Y, Yu S L, Wang W, Yao Z J, Li J X 2016 Europhys. Lett. 115 27008 Google Scholar
[16]	Balatsky A V, Vekhter I, Zhu J X 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 373 Google Scholar
[17]	Li Y Q, Zhou T 2021 Front. Phys. 16 43502 Google Scholar
[18]	Awoga O A, Black-Schaffer A M 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 214515 Google Scholar
[19]	Wehling T O, Dahal H P, Lichtenstein A I, Balatsky A V 2008 Phys. Rev. B 78 035414 Google Scholar
[20]	于渌 1965 物理学报 21 75 Google Scholar Yu L 1965 Acta Phys. Sin. 21 75 Google Scholar
[21]	Shiba H 1968 Progress of theoretical Physics 40 435 Google Scholar
[22]	Rusinov A I 1969 Sov. Phys. JETP 29 1101
[23]	Yazdani A, Jones B A, Lutz C P, Crommie M F, Eigler D M 1997 Science 275 1767 Google Scholar
[24]	Lado J L, Fernandez-Rossier J 2016 2D Mater. 3 025001 Google Scholar
[25]	Río E C, Lado J L, Cherkez V, et al. 2021 Adv. Mater. 33 2008113 Google Scholar
[26]	Cervenka J, Katsnelson M I, Flipse C F J 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 840 Google Scholar
[27]	Akhukov M A, Fasolino A, Gornostyrev Y N, Katsnelson M I 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 115407 Google Scholar
[28]	Dutta S, Wakabayashi K 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 11744 Google Scholar
[29]	Zuo X J, An J, Gong C D 2008 Phys. Rev.B 77 144512 Google Scholar
[30]	Zuo X J, An J, Gong C D 2008 Phys. Rev.B 77 212508 Google Scholar

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石墨烯类超导体的单磁性杂质效应