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Co-based Heusler alloys have emerged as highly promising systems within the Heusler alloy family due to their high Curie temperatures and potential half-metallicity. Since the concept of half-metallic ferromagnets is proposed, these alloys have attracted significant attention because of their high spin polarization, excellent magnetic performance, and thermal stability. The existing studies predominantly focus on spin-transport properties, but systematic studies on their magnetostriction remain scarce. The electronic structure and magnetism of Co-based Heusler alloys are critically dependent on atomic-site ordering: their spin polarization, Curie temperature, and magnetocrystalline anisotropy are closely related to crystal structure, such as L21 and B2. A highly ordered L21 structure is essential for maintaining half-metallicity, as structural disorder can induce significant changes in electronic hybridization and exchange interactions, thereby significantly changing macroscopic magnetism. Additionally, ordering control is also expected to modulate magnetostriction by modifying lattice symmetry and local distortions. Notably, in Fe–Ga alloys, disorder engineering has been employed to induce local short-range order and lattice distortion, thereby enhancing magnetostriction, a mechanism that may similarly operate in Co-based systems. However, the higher lattice symmetry and stronger orbital hybridization in these alloys can lead to fundamentally distinct mechanisms, which needs to be validated experimentally. This study focuses on the Co2FeAlxSi1–x system to systematically probe the relationship between composition-driven structural evolution (i.e., L21 to B2 transition) and magnetostrictive performance through adjusting Al/Si ratio. The study aims to clarify the correlation between composition-induced structural evolution and magnetostrictive behavior, thereby revealing the regulatory role of atomic ordering in magnetoelastic coupling and providing theoretical insight for designing high-performance magnetostrictive materials. The correlation between atomic site ordering and magnetostriction in Heusler alloy Co2FeAlxSi1–x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) is systematically investigated in experiment. The results reveal that Al doping drives a structural transition from the highly ordered L21 phase to the disordered B2 phase, inducing a coexisting L21/B2 interface state at x = 0.25–0.5, with the calculated ordering parameters SL21/SB2 ranging from 0.5 to 0.9. The experimental data demonstrate that this interface state significantly enhances the saturation magnetostriction coefficient (λs), which subsequently decreases as it further transitions to the B2-dominated structure. These findings quantitatively clarify the physical mechanism by which local atomic disorder enhances magnetoelastic coupling through reducing cubic symmetry, localizing lattice distortion, and changing magnetic domain configuration. Furthermore, this study reports for the first time the magnetostriction coefficients of 12 Co-based Heusler alloys, among which Co2MnGa and Co2CrGa exhibit superior potential compared with other Co based Heusler alloys, filling the gap in magnetostriction performance parameters of this system. The linear positive magnetostriction behaviors of the polycrystalline materials are also validated. This study provides a strategy for optimizing magnetostriction performance through atomic site ordering control, and points out a new direction for the development of magnetostrictive materials with high-temperature stability and high spin polarization. -
图 1 (a) Co2FeAlxSi1–x的晶体结构(L21结构和B2结构); (b) Co2FeAlxSi1–x样品的粉末XRD图谱; (c) Co2FeAlxSi1–x样品的晶格常数随Al含量x的变化关系
Figure 1. (a) Crystal structure of Co2FeAlxSi1–x(L21 structure and B2 structure); (b) powder XRD patterns of Co2FeAlxSi1–x; (b) variation of lattice constant with Al content x in Co2FeAlxSi1–x.
图 2 Co2FeAlxSi1–x样品退火1 d (a)和7 d (b)的粉末XRD图谱; (c)—(e)退火前后样品的有序度SL21和SB2随Al含量x的变化关系
Figure 2. (a), (b) Powder XRD patterns of Co2FeAlxSi1–x annealed for 1 day and 7 days; (c)–(e) variation of ordering degrees SL21 and SB2 with Al content x before and after annealing.
图 3 (a) 3种不同有序态的磁致伸缩曲线; (b) Co2FeAlxSi1–x退火前后的磁致伸缩应变λ随Al含量x的变化关系
Figure 3. (a) Magnetostriction curves of three different ordered states; (b) variation of magnetostriction λs with Al content x in Co2FeAlxSi1–x before and after annealing.
图 4 (a) Co2FeAlxSi1–x的磁致伸缩应变λ随SL21的变化关系; (b) Co2FeAlxSi1–x的磁致伸缩应变λ随SL21/SB2的变化关系
Figure 4. (a) Variation of magnetostriction λ with SL21 and SB2 in Co2FeAlxSi1–x; (b) variation of magnetostriction λ with SL21/SB2 in Co2FeAlxSi1–x.
图 5 Co2FeAlxSi1–x的(a)M-H曲线与(b)磁致伸缩曲线
Figure 5. (a) M-H and (b) magnetostriction of Co2FeAlxSi1–x.
图 6 多晶材料转角磁致伸缩测量示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the rotational magnetostriction measurement for polycrystalline materials.
图 7 Co2FeAlxSi1–x的磁致伸缩应变λ随θ的变化关系
Figure 7. Variation of magnetostriction λ with θ in Co2FeAlxSi1–x.
表 1 部分Co基Heusler合金的晶格常数a, 居里温度Tc, 自旋极化率P [34–53]与磁致伸缩系数λs
Table 1. Lattice constant a, Curie temperature Tc, spin polarization P[34–53], and magnetostriction λs of selected co-based heusler alloys.
成分 a/Å Tc/K P/% λs/ppm Co2FeSi 5.645 1100 57 22 Co2FeAl 5.728 1170 58 21 Co2FeGa 5.737 1056 59 24 Co2VGa 5.792 357 75 13 Co2CrAl 5.887 334 62 8 Co2CrGa 5.765 495 61 42 Co2MnAl 5.749 693 59 14 Co2MnGa 5.767 694 55 45 Co2MnSi 5.654 985 56 18 Co2MnGe 5.749 905 58 25 Co2MnSn 5.984 829 60 20 Co2MnSb 5.943 600 50 8 
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