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Structural relaxation is significantly restricted. Notably, the dissipative component of cyclic loading dominates the thermodynamic energy of the practical applications of metallic glasses (MGs). Mechanical rejuvenation, achieved through cyclic loading, provides an effective approach for mitigating this problem. In this study, we systematically investigate the deformation characteristics and rejuvenation mechanism of Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 MG under mechanical cycling through dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). By using a two-phase Kelvin model and continuous relaxation time spectrum, we elucidate the interplay between mechanical deformation and energy dissipation during cyclic loading. The experimental results demonstrate that the strain rate increases significantly with the increase of the intensity of mechanical cycling, indicating enhanced dynamic activity in the glassy matrix version. At higher cycling intensities, anelastic deformation is promoted, activating a broader spectrum of defects and amplifying dynamic heterogeneity. Through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we establish a quantitative correlation between deformation and energetic state, revealing that the rejuvenation originates from internal heating induced by anelastic strain. A comparative analysis with creep deformation reveals that mechanical cycling exhibits a superior rejuvenation potential, attributed to its ability to periodically excite multi-scale defect clusters and sustain non-equilibrium states. The main findings of this work include 1) Deformation mechanism: Cyclic loading enhances atomic mobility and facilitates deformation unit activation; 2) Energy landscape: The enthalpy change (ΔH) measured by DSC provides a direct metric for rejuvenation efficiency; 3) Dynamic heterogeneity: Mechanical cycling broadens the relaxation time spectrum, reflecting increased dynamic heterogeneity.
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Keywords:
- metallic glasses /
- mechanical cycling /
- rejuvenation /
- relaxation
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图 1 (a)蠕变、(b)循环加载过程中能量耗散计算方式示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of (a) creep and (b) energy dissipation calculation methods during mechanical cycling.
图 2 不同应力速率条件下机械循环过程中Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20非晶合金 (a)应变、(b)蠕变耗能、(c)总应变耗能和(d)蠕变耗散分量权重系数随时间的演化
Figure 2. Evolution of the weight coefficients of (a) strain, (b) creep energy, (c) total strain energy dissipation, and (d) creep dissipation component of Pd20Pt20Cu20Ni20P20 amorphous alloy during mechanical cycling at different stress rates.
图 3 200 MPa/min条件下非晶合金的瞬时应力 (a)及其对应的拟合曲线(b); (c)应力ε值、(d)特征弛豫时间$ \tau $值、(e)斜率随时间的演化; (f)激活体积随应力速率的演化
Figure 3. (a) Separation stress of amorphous alloy at 200 MPa/min and (b) its corresponding fitting curve; (c) stress value, (d) characteristic relaxation time value, (e) slope evolution over time; (f) evolution of activation volume with stress rate.
图 4 (a)典型蠕变曲线及其对应的拟合曲线; (b) 25 MPa/min条件下非晶合金瞬时应力的高斯分布拟合结果; 拟合弛豫时间的(c)均值、(d)方差
Figure 4. (a) Typical creep curves and their corresponding fitting curves; (b) Gaussian distribution fitting results of separation stress of amorphous alloys at 25 MPa/min; (c) means, (d) variance of fitted relaxation times.
图 5 (a)应力速率200 MPa/min的样品机械循环-回复过程中黏弹性、黏塑性和能量损耗随回复时间演化过程, 插图为应力速率200 MPa/min的样品机械循环-回复过程中应变随时间的演化; (b)机械循环、蠕变分别回复8 h样品DSC曲线
Figure 5. (a) Evolution of viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity and energy loss with response time during mechanical cycling-response of samples with a stress rate of 200 MPa/min, and the inset shows the evolution of strain with time during mechanical cycling-response of samples with a stress rate of 200 MPa/min; (b) DSC curves of samples responding to mechanical cycling and creep for 8 h, respectively.
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