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The development of highly efficient, stable, and color-tunable lead-free perovskite phosphors is a central challenge for their application in next-generation optoelectronic devices. In this work, a series of Cs2NaGd0.985Cl6:0.015Sb3+ phosphors with varying Er3+ concentrations were successfully synthesized via a microwave-assisted solid-state method. XRD results confirmed that the introduction of Er3+ did not induce any crystal structure change or impurity phase formation. Under 336 nm excitation, the material exhibited a broad blue emission centered at 460 nm from self-trapped excitons (STEs) of the host, alongside characteristic green/red emissions of Er3+ ions (524 nm, 550 nm, 667 nm). By investigating the concentration-dependent luminescence behavior, the optimal Er3+ doping concentration was determined to be 0.03, yielding the maximum emission intensity with an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 37.09%; the concentration quenching mechanism was attributed to electric dipole-dipole interaction. At this optimal concentration, More importantly, at the optimal concentration, steady-state and transient fluorescence spectroscopy analysis confirmed the existence of an efficient energy transfer channel from the host STEs to Er3+ ions, with a calculated energy transfer efficiency of 24.58%. This process significantly enhances the characteristic emission of Er3+ and is key to achieving efficient multicolor luminescence. Furthermore, the optimized sample Cs2NaGd0.955Cl6:0.015Sb3+,0.03Er3+ demonstrated excellent thermal stability, retaining 69.4% of its room-temperature (298 K) emission intensity at 423 K. More importantly, tunable luminescence from blue (CIE: 0.160, 0.194) to green (CIE: 0.215, 0.374) was successfully achieved by simply adjusting the Er3+ concentration. this work not only provides an in-depth elucidation of the energy transfer pathways and concentration quenching mechanisms in Sb3+/Er3+ co-doped double perovskite systems from a physical mechanism perspective, but also experimentally demonstrates that the developed lead-free phosphors—combining high quantum efficiency, excellent thermal stability, and broad color tunability into a single material—exhibit promising potential for application as core luminescent materials in high-performance, environmentally friendly green light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
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Keywords:
- Double perovskite /
- Sb3+/Er3+ co-doping /
- Energy transfer /
- Color tunable
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