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By introducing sub-wavelength grating into an oxide-confined 980-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), the VCSEL with a stable polarization is realized. A sub-wavelength zero-order grating period is smaller than the wavelength in the semiconductor medium. This choice avoids a reduction in efficiency due to higher diffracting light. After the grating is etched, the threshold gains of E-fields parallel and perpendicular to the grating groves direction are different. The polarization therefore would be controlled. Good laser characteristics are obtained: the orthogonal polarization suppression ratio is over 12 dB and the threshold current increases just 7.14%.
[1] Yang H, Guo X, Guan B L, Wang T X, Shen G D 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2959 (in Chinese) [杨浩, 郭霞, 关宝璐, 王同喜, 沈光地 2007 物理学报 57 2959]
[2] Regalado J M, Prati F, Miguel M S, Abraham N B 1997 IEEE J. Quantum Eletron. 33 765
[3] Tayahi M B, Lanka S, Wang J, Catsten J, Hofmann L, Sukanta S 2006 Proc. of SPIE 6132 61320B
[4] Ma Y, Wang C, Miao T Q 2005 Optics and Precision Engineering 13 253 (in Chinese) [马莹, 王成, 缪同群 2005 光学精密工程 13 253]
[5] Michalzik R, Ostermann J M, Al-Samaneh A, Wahl D, Rinaldi F, Debernardi P 2009 14th Optoelectronics and Communications Conference Hong Kong July 13-17, 2009 1
[6] Samaneh A A, Sanayeh M B, Renz S, Wahl D, Michalzik R 2011 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23 1049
[7] Yan Z, Lin C H, Coldren L A 2011 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23 305
[8] Chua C L, Thornton R L, Treat D W, Donaldson R M 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 1631
[9] Boutami S, Benbakir B, Leclercq J L, Viktorovitch P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 1105
[10] Ostermann J M, Debernardi P, Jalics C, Kroner A, Riedl M C, Michalzik R 2005 Opt. Commun. 246 511
[11] Ostermann J M, Debernardi P, Jalics C, Kroner A, Feneberg M, Riedl M C, Michalzik R 2004 Proc. of SPIE 5364 201
[12] Santos J M, Bernardo L M 1997 Appl. Opt. 36 8935
[13] Gustavsson J S, Haglund Å, Vukušić J A, Bengtsson J, Jedrasik P, Larsson A 2005 Opt. Express 13 6626
[14] Moharam M G, Pommet Drew A, Grann Eric B 1995 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12 1077
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[1] Yang H, Guo X, Guan B L, Wang T X, Shen G D 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2959 (in Chinese) [杨浩, 郭霞, 关宝璐, 王同喜, 沈光地 2007 物理学报 57 2959]
[2] Regalado J M, Prati F, Miguel M S, Abraham N B 1997 IEEE J. Quantum Eletron. 33 765
[3] Tayahi M B, Lanka S, Wang J, Catsten J, Hofmann L, Sukanta S 2006 Proc. of SPIE 6132 61320B
[4] Ma Y, Wang C, Miao T Q 2005 Optics and Precision Engineering 13 253 (in Chinese) [马莹, 王成, 缪同群 2005 光学精密工程 13 253]
[5] Michalzik R, Ostermann J M, Al-Samaneh A, Wahl D, Rinaldi F, Debernardi P 2009 14th Optoelectronics and Communications Conference Hong Kong July 13-17, 2009 1
[6] Samaneh A A, Sanayeh M B, Renz S, Wahl D, Michalzik R 2011 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23 1049
[7] Yan Z, Lin C H, Coldren L A 2011 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23 305
[8] Chua C L, Thornton R L, Treat D W, Donaldson R M 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 1631
[9] Boutami S, Benbakir B, Leclercq J L, Viktorovitch P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 1105
[10] Ostermann J M, Debernardi P, Jalics C, Kroner A, Riedl M C, Michalzik R 2005 Opt. Commun. 246 511
[11] Ostermann J M, Debernardi P, Jalics C, Kroner A, Feneberg M, Riedl M C, Michalzik R 2004 Proc. of SPIE 5364 201
[12] Santos J M, Bernardo L M 1997 Appl. Opt. 36 8935
[13] Gustavsson J S, Haglund Å, Vukušić J A, Bengtsson J, Jedrasik P, Larsson A 2005 Opt. Express 13 6626
[14] Moharam M G, Pommet Drew A, Grann Eric B 1995 J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12 1077
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