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A new type of tunable gradient-index (GRIN) microfluidic lens is proposed, which is based on the convection-diffusion process. By using the finite element method, the spatial distribution of the refractive-index (RI) determined by the concentration distribution in the microchannel is analyzed. Results show that the distribution of RI in the microchannel can be tuned by different flow rates of the core and cladding liquid streams. Furthermore, although taking into consideration the existence of the viscous resistance between the channel wall and the flowing stream, the RI distribution is still dependent on the combination of flow rates of the core and cladding streams. This microfluidic lens can be applied to dynamic adjustment of focusing, splitting or bending light beams. It therefore may have extensive applications in the optofluidic optical detecting system and microscale imaging system.
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Keywords:
- integrated optics /
- gradient index /
- convection diffusion /
- optofluidics
[1] Ward A J, Pendry J B 1996 J. Mod. Opt. 44 773
[2] [3] Yan F P, Liu P, Tan Z W, Tao P L, Li Q, Peng W J, Feng T, Tan S Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 4202 (in Chinese) [延凤平, 刘鹏, 谭中伟, 陶沛琳, 李琦, 彭万敬, 冯亭, 谭思宇 2012 物理学报 61 4202]
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[7] Valentine J, Li J, Zentgraf T, Bartal G, Zhang X 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 568
[8] [9] Chen H Y, Chan C T, Ping S 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 387
[10] [11] [12] Chen T, Liang Z-C, Qian C, Xu N 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7906 (in Chinese) [陈陶, 梁忠诚, 钱晨, 徐宁 2010 物理学报 59 7906]
[13] [14] Cai W, Chettiar U K, Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M 2007 Nat. Photon. 1 224
[15] Li Yan, Qu Shi-Liang 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 034208
[16] [17] [18] Mao X, Lin S-C S, Lapsley M I, Shi J, Juluri B K 2009 Lab. Chip 9 2050
[19] Yang Y, Chin J M, Tsai D P, Zhenludev N I, Liu A Q 2012 Lab. Chip 12 3785
[20] [21] Yang Y, Liu A Q, Chin L K, Zhang X M, Tsai D P, Lin C L, Lu C, Wang G P, Zheludev N I 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 651
[22] [23] [24] Perumal M, Ranga Raju K G 1999 J. Hydrol. Eng. 4 160
[25] [26] Wu Z, Nguyen N T 2005 Sens. Actuators B 107 965
[27] Kapur J N, Shukla J B 1964 Appl. Sci. Res. A 13 55
[28] [29] [30] Hayat T, Shehzad S A, Alsaedi A, Alhothuali M S 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 114704
[31] [32] Rehman A, Nadeem S 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 124701
[33] [34] Weng Y J, Cheng Y M 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 090204
[35] Ternstrom G, Sjostrand A; Aly G, Jernqvist A 1996 J. Chem. Eng. Data 41 876
[36] [37] Wang M H 2001 Ph. D. Dissertation (Taoyuan: Chung Yuan Christian University) (in Chinese) [王明宏2009硕士学位论文(桃园县: 中原大学)]
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[1] Ward A J, Pendry J B 1996 J. Mod. Opt. 44 773
[2] [3] Yan F P, Liu P, Tan Z W, Tao P L, Li Q, Peng W J, Feng T, Tan S Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 4202 (in Chinese) [延凤平, 刘鹏, 谭中伟, 陶沛琳, 李琦, 彭万敬, 冯亭, 谭思宇 2012 物理学报 61 4202]
[4] [5] [6] Zickar M, Noell W, Marxer C, Rooij N de 2006 Opt. Express 14 4237
[7] Valentine J, Li J, Zentgraf T, Bartal G, Zhang X 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 568
[8] [9] Chen H Y, Chan C T, Ping S 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 387
[10] [11] [12] Chen T, Liang Z-C, Qian C, Xu N 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7906 (in Chinese) [陈陶, 梁忠诚, 钱晨, 徐宁 2010 物理学报 59 7906]
[13] [14] Cai W, Chettiar U K, Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M 2007 Nat. Photon. 1 224
[15] Li Yan, Qu Shi-Liang 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 034208
[16] [17] [18] Mao X, Lin S-C S, Lapsley M I, Shi J, Juluri B K 2009 Lab. Chip 9 2050
[19] Yang Y, Chin J M, Tsai D P, Zhenludev N I, Liu A Q 2012 Lab. Chip 12 3785
[20] [21] Yang Y, Liu A Q, Chin L K, Zhang X M, Tsai D P, Lin C L, Lu C, Wang G P, Zheludev N I 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 651
[22] [23] [24] Perumal M, Ranga Raju K G 1999 J. Hydrol. Eng. 4 160
[25] [26] Wu Z, Nguyen N T 2005 Sens. Actuators B 107 965
[27] Kapur J N, Shukla J B 1964 Appl. Sci. Res. A 13 55
[28] [29] [30] Hayat T, Shehzad S A, Alsaedi A, Alhothuali M S 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 114704
[31] [32] Rehman A, Nadeem S 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 124701
[33] [34] Weng Y J, Cheng Y M 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 090204
[35] Ternstrom G, Sjostrand A; Aly G, Jernqvist A 1996 J. Chem. Eng. Data 41 876
[36] [37] Wang M H 2001 Ph. D. Dissertation (Taoyuan: Chung Yuan Christian University) (in Chinese) [王明宏2009硕士学位论文(桃园县: 中原大学)]
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