含有圆孔平板电极结构的双凸液体透镜的设计与分析

孔梅梅; 薛银燕; 徐春生; 董媛; 刘悦; 潘世成; 赵瑞

doi:10.7498/aps.73.20231291

摘要

基于平行平板电极的变焦液体透镜的有关研究, 通过应用介电泳效应, 提出了一种含有圆孔平板电极结构的双凸液体透镜模型, 是一种新型的三层液体透镜结构. 利用Comsol, Matlab和Zemax软件仿真分析了该模型在不同电压下的面型变化与成像光路, 得出其变焦范围为22.6—15.9 mm, 并对制备的器件进行具体的实验分析, 获得了不同电压下双凸液体透镜的液滴上下界面面型和该透镜的变焦范围23.8—17.5 mm, 与仿真结果基本一致, 而且其成像分辨率可达到45.255 lp/mm. 结果表明, 所提出的这种新型三层液体结构的双凸液体透镜具有结构简单、易于实现的特点, 而且具备良好的成像质量.

关键词:

Abstract

In this paper, based on the research of zoom liquid lens with parallel plate electrode and the principle of dielectrophoresis, a model of the biconvex liquid lens with circular hole plate electrode structure is proposed, which is a novel three-layer liquid lens structure. The dielectrophoretic effect refers to the phenomenon that free dielectric molecules will be polarized and moved by the force in a non-uniform electric field, thus deforming the dielectric liquid. In the dielectrophoretic liquid lens, only two insulating liquid materials with large refractive index difference and dielectric constant difference need to be selected, which can increase the selection range of liquid materials. The liquid lens structure mainly consists of a piece of double-sided conductive flat plate ITO glass with a circular hole and two pieces of single-sided conductive flat plate ITO glass, which respectively form two sets of flat electrode structures to control the upper interface and lower interface of the liquid droplet. In this structure, the influences of the intermediate glass plate on the focus and imaging are reduced by using the flat plate electrode with circular hole. The theoretical analysis of the structure is carried out with simulation software. Firstly, the models of the biconvex liquid lens with circular hole plate electrode under different voltages are built with Comsol software, the data of upper interface and lower interface of the liquid droplet are exported. Then by using Matlab, the surface shapes of the upper interface and lower interface of the droplet are fitted and the corresponding aspheric coefficients are obtained. Finally, the optical models are built with Zemax software, the imaging optical paths and the variation range of focal length under different voltages are analyzed. On the basis of the simulation, the corresponding device is made, and the specific experimental analysis is carried out. The surface patterns of the upper interface and lower interfaces of the droplet of the biconvex liquid lens under different voltages are recorded, the focal length and imaging resolution of the liquid lens are measured. When the operating voltage is in a range of 0–260 V, the focal length varies from 23.8–17.5 mm, which is basically consistent with the simulation results (22.6–15.9 mm). The feasibility of the structure of the biconvex liquid lens with circular hole plate electrode structure is verified experimentally. The imaging resolution can reach 45.255 lp/mm. The results show that this proposed novel three-layer liquid structure of the biconvex liquid lens has the characteristics of simple structure, easy-to-realize and good imaging quality. Therefore, the research of this biconvex liquid lens can provide a new idea for expanding the high-resolution imaging research of liquid lenses and their applications.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南京邮电大学电子与光学工程学院、柔性电子(未来技术)学院, 南京　210023

2.
南京南瑞信息通信科技有限公司, 南京　211100

通信作者: 孔梅梅, kongmm@njupt.edu.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61905117, 61775102)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

2.
NARI Information & Communication Technology Co., LTD, Nanjing 211100, China

Corresponding author: Kong Mei-Mei, kongmm@njupt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61905117, 61775102).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Zhao Z Z, Kuang F L, Zhang N H, Li L 2021 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 33 1297 Google Scholar
[2]	Liu J, Li H 2014 J. Opt. 3 25
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[4]	Kopp D, Zappe H 2016 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28 597 Google Scholar
[5]	Cheng C C, Chang C A, Yeh J A 2006 Opt. Express 14 4101 Google Scholar
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[12]	孔梅梅, 刘悦, 董媛, 薛银燕, 潘世成, 赵瑞 2023 物理学报 72 154206 Google Scholar Kong M M, Liu Y, Dong Y, Xue Y Y, Pan S C, Zhao R 2023 Acta. Phys. Sin. 72 154206 Google Scholar
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[14]	Ren H W, Wu S T 2012 Introduction to Adaptive Lenses (Hoboken: Willey) pp107–148
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[19]	袁东 2021 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学) Yuan D 2021 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
[20]	梁丹 2022 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学) Liang D 2022 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

施引文献

图 1 含有圆孔平板电极结构的双凸液体透镜结构　(a) 立体示意图; (b) 剖面图

Fig. 1. Structure of the biconvex liquid lens with a circular hole plate electrode: (a) Stereogram; (b) profile map.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 理论推导结构

Fig. 2. Structure of theoretical derivation.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 Comsol中含有圆孔平板电极结构的双凸液体透镜模型　(a)侧面图; (b)立体斜视图

Fig. 3. Biconvex liquid lens model with circular hole plate electrode structure in comsol: (a) Side view; (b) stereoscopic oblique view.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 初始状态(0 V)时, 双凸液体透镜的液滴面型拟合结果(a)上界面; (b)下界面

Fig. 4. Droplet profile of the biconvex liquid lens is fitted at the initial state (0 V): (a) Upper interface; (b) lower interface.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 电压最大(260 V)时, 双凸液体透镜的液滴面型拟合结果　(a)上界面; (b)下界面

Fig. 5. Droplet profile of the biconvex liquid lens is fitted at maximum voltage (260 V): (a) Upper interface; (b) lower interface.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 双凸液体透镜的光路图　(a) 初始状态(0 V); (b)电压加到最大(260 V)

Fig. 6. Optical path diagram of the biconvex liquid lens: (a) Initial state (0 V); (b) maximum voltage state (260 V).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 制备的含有圆孔平板电极结构的双凸液体透镜实物图

Fig. 7. Physical image of the biconvex liquid lens with a circular hole plate electrode structure.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同电压下的双凸液体透镜面型图　(a) 0 V; (b) 160 V; (c) 260 V

Fig. 8. Surface profiles of the biconvex liquid lens under different voltages: (a) 0 V; (b) 160 V; (c) 260 V.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 玻罗分化线

Fig. 9. Borro differentiation lines.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 不同电压下的双凸液体透镜焦距图

Fig. 10. Focal length of the biconvex liquid lens under different voltages.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 不同电压下的双凸液体透镜的分辨率图　(a)初始状态; (b)分辨率最大(260 V)

Fig. 11. Resolution diagram of the biconvex liquid lens under different voltage: (a) Initial state; (b) maximum resolution state (260 V).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 双凸液体透镜实验与仿真的焦距对比图

Fig. 12. Comparison of focal length between experimental and simulated the biconvex liquid lens.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

[1]	Zhao Z Z, Kuang F L, Zhang N H, Li L 2021 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 33 1297 Google Scholar
[2]	Liu J, Li H 2014 J. Opt. 3 25
[3]	Liu C, Wang Q H, Yao L X, Wang M H 2014 Micromachines- Basel 5 496 Google Scholar
[4]	Kopp D, Zappe H 2016 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28 597 Google Scholar
[5]	Cheng C C, Chang C A, Yeh J A 2006 Opt. Express 14 4101 Google Scholar
[6]	Ren H W, Xianyu H Q, Xu S, Wu S T 2008 Opt. Express 16 14954 Google Scholar
[7]	Xu S, Lin Y J, Wu S T 2009 Opt. Express 17 10499 Google Scholar
[8]	Lu Y S, Tu H E, Xu Y, Jiang H R 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 26113 Google Scholar
[9]	Chen Q M, Li T, Li Z, Lu C, Zhang X 2018 Lab Chip. 18 3849 Google Scholar
[10]	Kong M M, Zhu L F, Chen D, Liang Z C, Zhao R, Xu E M 2016 J. Opt. Soc. Korea 20 427 Google Scholar
[11]	Kong M M, Chen X, Yuan Y, Zhao R, Chen T, Liang Z C 2019 Curr. Opt. Photonics 3 177 Google Scholar
[12]	孔梅梅, 刘悦, 董媛, 薛银燕, 潘世成, 赵瑞 2023 物理学报 72 154206 Google Scholar Kong M M, Liu Y, Dong Y, Xue Y Y, Pan S C, Zhao R 2023 Acta. Phys. Sin. 72 154206 Google Scholar
[13]	王琼华, 刘超, 王迪, 李磊 2021 液体光子器件(北京: 科学出版社) 第82—83页 Wang Q H, Liu C, Wang D, Li L 2021 Liquid Photonic Device (Beijing: Science Press) pp82–83
[14]	Ren H W, Wu S T 2012 Introduction to Adaptive Lenses (Hoboken: Willey) pp107–148
[15]	Berthier J 2008 Micro-drops and Digital Microfluidics (New York: William Andrew) pp331–333
[16]	Xu S, Ren H W, Wu S T 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 483001 Google Scholar
[17]	Edwards A M J, Brown C V, Newton M I, McHale G 2018 Curr. Opin. Colloid. In. 36 28 Google Scholar
[18]	Chamakos N T, Kavousanakis M E, Papathanasiou A G 2014 Langmuir 30 4662 Google Scholar
[19]	袁东 2021 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学) Yuan D 2021 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
[20]	梁丹 2022 硕士学位论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学) Liang D 2022 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications

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含有圆孔平板电极结构的双凸液体透镜的设计与分析