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非视域成像技术是对视域外隐藏目标进行光学成像的新兴技术。由于历经多次漫反射，信号回波微弱，门控SPAD在低信噪比环境中探测信号发挥了重要作用。然而，实际使用门控SPAD进行目标信号探测时，现有方法多需要借助先验信息进行门宽位置预设，无法完全避免非目标信号干扰和信号丢失，并且存在数据采集量大、耗时长等问题。针对上述问题，本文利用三角定位原理和少量特征点信息，提出一种自适应门控算法，该算法可自动识别回波信号并计算其宽度，无需额外先验信息或人工干预，降低数据采集量，提高处理效率等功能。同时，搭建了基于门控SPAD的共焦非视域成像系统，对提出的算法进行验证。此外，本文就门控SPAD对目标信号提升效果和目标成像质量进行了定量评估，并对比了主流的非视域图像重构算法成像质量。实验结果表明，自适应门控算法可以有效识别回波信号，实现门控参数的自动调节，并在减少数据采集量、提升处理效率的同时，提高目标成像质量。Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging is an emerging optical imaging technique used for detecting hidden targets outside the line of sight. Due to multiple diffuse reflections, the signal echoes are weak, and gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) play a pivotal role in signal detection under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. However, when employing gated SPAD for target signal detection, existing methods often depend on prior information to preset the gate width, which cannot fully mitigate non-target signal interference or signal loss. Additionally, these methods are plagued by issues such as large data acquisition volumes and lengthy processing times. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an adaptive gating algorithm based on the principle of maximizing the distance from the vertex of a triangle to its base. The algorithm takes advantage of the linear variation in scan point positions and the echo information from specific feature points. It can automatically identify echo signals and compute their width without the need for additional prior information or manual intervention. This approach reduces data acquisition volume and improves processing efficiency, among other benefits. Moreover, a confocal NLOS imaging system based on gated SPAD was developed to validate the proposed algorithm. The paper further provides a quantitative evaluation of the enhancement in target signal detection and image quality achieved by gated SPAD, and compares the imaging performance with that of leading NLOS image reconstruction algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive gating algorithm effectively identifies echo signals, facilitates automatic adjustment of gating parameters, and, while reducing data acquisition volume and enhancing processing efficiency, significantly improves target imaging quality.
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Keywords:
- non-line-of-sight imaging /
- adaptive gating /
- signal-to-noise ratio
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