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低维电子材料与超导材料的复合体系一直是研究介观输运和低维超导特性的重要平台，其中具有强自旋轨道耦合效应的低维结构与超导宏观量子态结合呈现出丰富的量子现象，为探索新物性和研制新型拓扑量子器件提供了一个理想的平台。采用高质量的一维电子材料构筑超导复合器件，探索受限量子体系与超导界面的量子输运现象和器件调控机制迅速成为研究的前沿和热点。其中的关键问题在于理解纳米尺度下低维体系与超导界面的特征散射机制和量子输运过程，研究电荷态与拓扑局域态的耦合机制，实现对拓扑态本征输运特性的探测，在此基础上为研制新型超导纳电子器件和拓扑量子器件探索新原理和新方法。由于多种能量尺度和束缚态的竞争，介观尺度下的超导复合结构在器件物理、结构设计以及测量方案上都存在前所未有的挑战。本文回顾了基于一维电子体系的超导复合器件的近期进展，聚焦在以半导体纳米线和碳纳米管为代表的实验体系，简要介绍了从材料和器件物理，到输运测量的主要现象和实验挑战。最后本文对一维体系拓扑量子器件的研制和输运研究进行了总结和展望。The hybrid system of low-dimensional electronic and superconducting materials has been an attractive structure for studying mesoscopic transport and low-dimensional superconducting properties. Low-dimensional structures with strong spin-orbit coupling exhibit rich quantum phenomena combined with superconducting macroscopic quantum states, becoming an important platform for exploring novel physical properties and developing new topological quantum devices. The construction of hybrid superconducting devices based on high-quality one-dimensional electronic materials, and the exploration of quantum transport phenomena at the interface emerge as research frontier. It is crucial to understand the characteristic scattering mechanism and quantum transport process in these hybrid systems at the nanoscale. The study of the coupling mechanism between the charge state and the topological localized state, and the experimental probe of the intrinsic transport properties of the topological states are the key issues, which enable the development of the new principles and methods for novel superconducting nanoelectronic devices and topological quantum devices. Due to the competition of multiple energy scales and complicated bound states in these hybrid structures, the device physics and measurement schemes present unprecedented challenges. This paper reviews recent advances in hybrid superconducting devices based on one-dimensional electronic systems, focusing on the material systems based on semiconducting nanowires and carbon nanotubes. Semiconducting nanowires with strong spin-orbit coupling and large Landau g-factor are expected to support Majorana bound states and require further improvements in the material quality, interface between superconductors and nanowires, understanding of the transport mechanism, and detection scheme. The construction strategies of extending topological phase space, including broken symmetry, helical modes, semiconducting characteristics, and attenuation of the external magnetic field, are proposed and discussed in hybrid superconducting devices based on carbon nanotubes. We briefly introduce the main phenomena and experimental challenges, ranging from material and device physics. Finally, this paper summarizes and gives an outlook on the development and transport studies of topological quantum devices based on one-dimensional systems.
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Keywords:
- One-dimensional electronics /
- Quantum transport /
- Topological device /
- Hybrid superconducting device
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