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Surface plasmon polariton has attracted more and more attention and has been studied extensively in the recent decades, owing to its ability to confine the electro-magnetic field to a sub-wavelength scale near the metal-dielectric interface. On one hand, the tightly confined surface plasmonic modes can reduce the size of integrated optical device beyond the diffraction limit; on the other hand, it provides an approach to enhancing the interaction between light and matter. With the development of experimental and numerical simulation techniques, its investigation at a quantum level has become possible. In the recent experiments, scientists have realized quantum interference between single plasmons in a nanoscale waveguide circuit and achieved the strong coupling between photons and single molecules by using plasmonic structure, which demonstrates its superiority over the traditional optics. Here, we review the theoretical and experimental researches of surface plasmon polariton in the field of quantum information processing. First, we introduce the experiments on the basic quantum properties of surface plasmons, including the preservation of photonic entanglement, wave-particle duality and quantum statistical property. Second, we review the research work relating to the generation, manipulation and detection of surface plasmons in a quantum plasmonic integrated circuit. Then, we present the research of the interaction between surface plasmons and single quantum emitters and its potential applications. Finally, we make a discussion on how the intrinsic loss affects the quantum interference of single plasmons and the coupling between quantum emitters. The collision and combination of quantum optical and plasmonic fields open up possibilities for investigating the fundamental quantum physical properties of surface plasmons. It can be used to make ultra-compact quantum photonic integrated circuits and enhance the interaction strength between photons and quantum emitters.
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Keywords:
- surface plasmon polariton /
- quantum information /
- photonic quantum circuit /
- quantum emitter
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[56] Fan W, Lawrie B J, Pooser R C 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 053812
[57] Lee C, Dieleman F, Lee J, Rockstuhl C, Maier S A, Tame M 2016 ACS Photon. 3 992
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[59] Hood C J, Chapman M S, Lynn T W, Kimble H J 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 4157
[60] Chang D E, Srensen A S, Hemmer P R, Lukin M D 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 053002
[61] Drexhage K H, Kuhn H, Schfer F P 1968 Phys. Chem. 72 329
[62] Purcell E M 1946 Phys. Rev. 69 674
[63] Li M, Xiong X, Yu L, Zou C L, Chen Y, Liu D, Guo G C 2017 ar Xiv:170102935
[64] Chang D E, Srensen A S, Hemmer P R, Lukin M D 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 035420
[65] Chang D E, Srensen A S, Demler E A, Lukin M D 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 807
[66] Trgler A, Hohenester U 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 115403
[67] Curto A G, Volpe G, Taminiau T H, Kreuzer M P, Quidant R, van Hulst N F 2010 Science 329 930
[68] Kinkhabwala A, Yu Z, Fan S, Avlasevich Y, Mllen K, Moerner W E 2009 Nature Photon. 3 654
[69] Koenderink A F 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 4208
[70] Rice P R, Brecha R J 1995 Opt. Commun. 126 230
[71] Ridolfo A, Di Stefano O, Fina N, Saija R, Savasta S 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 263601
[72] Yannopapas V, Paspalakis E, Vitanov N V 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 063602
[73] Li Q, Wei H, Xu H X 2014 Nano Lett. 14 3358
[74] Zhang S, Wei H, Bao L, Hakanson U, Halas N J, Nordlander P, Xu H X 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 096801
[75] Li Q, Wei H, Xu H X 2015 Nano Lett. 15 8181
[76] Anger P, Bharadwaj P, Novotny L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 113002
[77] Passmore B S, Adams D C, Ribaudo T, Wasserman D, Lyon S, Davids P, Shaner E A 2011 Nano Lett. 11 338
[78] Vasa P, Wang W, Pomraenke R, Lammers M, Maiuri M, Manzoni C, Lienau C 2013 Nature Photon. 7 128
[79] Chikkaraddy R, de Nijs B, Benz F, Barrow S J, Scherman O A, Rosta E, Baumberg J J 2016 Nature 535 127
[80] Martin-Cano D, Gonzlez-Tudela A, Martn-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J, Tejedor C, Moreno E 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 235306
[81] Lin Z R, Guo G P, Tu T, Li H O, Zou C L, Chen J X, Guo G C 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 241401
[82] Constant T J, Hornett S M, Chang D E, Hendry E 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 124
[83] Gullans M, Tiecke T G, Chang D E, Feist J, Thompson J D, Cirac J I, Lukin M D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 235309
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[1] Raether H 1988 Surface Plasmons on Smooth Surfaces (Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer)
[2] Barnes W L, Dereux A, Ebbesen T W 2003 Nature 424 824
[3] Gramotnev D K, Bozhevolnyi 2010 Nature Photon. 4 83
[4] Takahara J, Yamagisha S, Taki H, Morimoto A, Kobayashi T 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 475
[5] Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
[6] Takahara J 2009 In Plasmonic Nanoguides and Circuits (Ch. 2) (Pan Stanford Publishing)
[7] Wang L L 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese) [王鲁橹 2012 博士学位论文 (合肥: 中国科学技术大学)]
[8] Sadeghi S M, West R G 2011 Nejat A Nanotechnology 22 405202
[9] Nie S, Emory S R 1997 Science 275 1102
[10] Fleischmannand M, Hendra P J, Mc Quillan A 1974 J Chem. Phys. Lett. 26 163
[11] Jeanmaire D L, van Duyne R P 1977 J. Electroanalyt. Chem. Interfac. Electrochem. 84 1
[12] Berini P, de Leon J 2012 Nature Photon. 6 16
[13] Bergman D J, Stockman M I 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 027402
[14] Giannini V, Fernndez-Dominguez A I, Heck S C, Maier S A 2011 Chem. Rev. 111 3888
[15] Anker J N, Hall W P, Lyandres O, Shah N C, Zhao J, van Duyne R P 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 442
[16] Pines D A 1953 Phys. Rev. 92 626
[17] Hopfield J J 1958 Phys. Rev. 112 1555
[18] Elson J M, Ritchie R H 1971 Phys. Rev. B 4 4129
[19] Waks E, Sridharan D 2010 Phys. Rev. A 82 043845
[20] Tame M S, Lee C, Lee J, Ballester D, Paternostro M, Zayats A V, Kim M S 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 190504
[21] Altewischer E, van Exter M P, Woerdman J P 2002 Nature 418 304
[22] Ebbesen T W, Lezec H J, Ghaemi H F, Thio T, Wolff P A 1998 Nature 391 667
[23] Fasel S, Robin F, Moreno E, Erni D, Gisin N, Zbinden H 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 110501
[24] Ren X F, Guo G P, Huang Y F, Li C F, Guo G C 2006 Europhys. Lett. 76 753
[25] Guo G P, Ren X F, Huang Y F, Li C F, Ou Z Y, Guo G C 2007 Phys. Lett. A 361 218
[26] Huck A, Smolka S, Lodahl P, Srensen A S, Boltasseva A, Janousek J, Andersen U L 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 246802
[27] Ren X F, Guo G P, Huang Y F, Wang Z W, Zhang P, Guo G C 2008 Europhys. Lett. 84 30005
[28] Tang J S, Li Y L, Xu X Y, Xiang G Y, Li C F, Guo G C 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 600
[29] Akimov A V, Mukherjee A, Yu C L, Chang D E, Zibrov A S, Hemmer P R, Lukin M D 2007 Nature 450 402
[30] Kolesov R, Grotz B, Balasubramanian G, Sthr R J, Nicolet A A L, Hemmer P R, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 470
[31] Piazza L U C A, Lummen T T A, Quinonez E, Murooka Y, Reed B W, Barwick B, Carbone F 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6407
[32] Di Martino G, Sonnefraud Y, Kna-Cohen S, Tame M, Ozdemir S K, Kim M S, Maier S A 2012 Nano Lett. 12 2504
[33] Falk A L, Koppens F H, Yu C L, Kang K, de Leon Snapp N, Akimov A V, Park H 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 475
[34] Zou C L, Sun F W, Dong C H, Ren X F, Chen X D, Cui J M, Han Z F, Guo G C 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 3630
[35] Dong C H, Zou C L, Ren X F, Guo G C, Sun F W 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 041104
[36] Xiong X, Zou C L, Ren X F, Guo G C 2014 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 26 1726
[37] Wei H, Wang Z, Tian X, Kall M, Xu H 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 387
[38] Holtfrerich M W, Dowran M, Davidson R, Lawrie B J, Pooser R C, Marino A M 2016 Optica 3 985
[39] De Leon N P, Lukin M D, Park H 2012 IEEE J. Select. Topics in Quantum Electron. 18 1781
[40] Otto A 1968 Zeitschrift fr Physik 216 398
[41] Kano H, Mizuguchi S, Kawata S 1998 JOSAB 15 1381
[42] Guo X, Ma Y G, Wang Y P, Tong L M 2013 Laser Photon. Rev. 7 855
[43] Dong C H, Ren X F, Yang R, Duan J Y, Guan J G, Guo G C, Guo G P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 221109
[44] Guo X, Qiu M, Bao J, Wiley B J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Tong L 2009 Nano Lett. 9 4515
[45] Kauranen M, Zayats A V 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 737
[46] Grosse N B, Heckmann J, Woggon U 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 136802
[47] Politi A, Cryan M J, Rarity J G, Yu S, O'brien J L 2008 Science 320 646
[48] Fujii G, Segawa T, Mori S, Namekata N, Fukuda D, Inoue S 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 1535
[49] Heeres R W, Kouwenhoven L P, Zwiller V 2013 Nat. Nanotech. 8 719
[50] Fakonas J S, Lee H, Kelaita Y A, Atwater H A 2014 Nat. Photon. 8 317
[51] Cai Y J, Li M, Ren X F, Zou C L, Xiong X, Lei H L, Liu B H, Guo G P, Guo G C 2014 Phys. Rev. Appl. 2 014004
[52] Di Martino G, Sonnefraud Y, Tame M S, Kna-Cohen S, Dieleman F, zdemir Ş K, Maier S A 2014 Phys. Rev. Appl. 1 034004
[53] Vest B, Dheur M, Devaux E, Ebbesen T W, Baron A, Rousseau E, Hugonin J P, Greffet J, Messin G, Marquier F 2016 arXiv:161007479 [quant-ph]
[54] Wang S M, Cheng Q Q, Gong, Xu P, Sun C, Li L, Li T, Zhu S N 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11490
[55] Li M, Zou C L, Ren X F, Xiong X, Cai Y J, Guo G P, Tong L M, Guo G C 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2380
[56] Fan W, Lawrie B J, Pooser R C 2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 053812
[57] Lee C, Dieleman F, Lee J, Rockstuhl C, Maier S A, Tame M 2016 ACS Photon. 3 992
[58] Heeres R W, Dorenbos S N, Koene B, Solomon G S, Kouwenhoven L P, Zwiller V 2009 Nano Lett. 10 661
[59] Hood C J, Chapman M S, Lynn T W, Kimble H J 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 4157
[60] Chang D E, Srensen A S, Hemmer P R, Lukin M D 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 053002
[61] Drexhage K H, Kuhn H, Schfer F P 1968 Phys. Chem. 72 329
[62] Purcell E M 1946 Phys. Rev. 69 674
[63] Li M, Xiong X, Yu L, Zou C L, Chen Y, Liu D, Guo G C 2017 ar Xiv:170102935
[64] Chang D E, Srensen A S, Hemmer P R, Lukin M D 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 035420
[65] Chang D E, Srensen A S, Demler E A, Lukin M D 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 807
[66] Trgler A, Hohenester U 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 115403
[67] Curto A G, Volpe G, Taminiau T H, Kreuzer M P, Quidant R, van Hulst N F 2010 Science 329 930
[68] Kinkhabwala A, Yu Z, Fan S, Avlasevich Y, Mllen K, Moerner W E 2009 Nature Photon. 3 654
[69] Koenderink A F 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 4208
[70] Rice P R, Brecha R J 1995 Opt. Commun. 126 230
[71] Ridolfo A, Di Stefano O, Fina N, Saija R, Savasta S 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 263601
[72] Yannopapas V, Paspalakis E, Vitanov N V 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 063602
[73] Li Q, Wei H, Xu H X 2014 Nano Lett. 14 3358
[74] Zhang S, Wei H, Bao L, Hakanson U, Halas N J, Nordlander P, Xu H X 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 096801
[75] Li Q, Wei H, Xu H X 2015 Nano Lett. 15 8181
[76] Anger P, Bharadwaj P, Novotny L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 113002
[77] Passmore B S, Adams D C, Ribaudo T, Wasserman D, Lyon S, Davids P, Shaner E A 2011 Nano Lett. 11 338
[78] Vasa P, Wang W, Pomraenke R, Lammers M, Maiuri M, Manzoni C, Lienau C 2013 Nature Photon. 7 128
[79] Chikkaraddy R, de Nijs B, Benz F, Barrow S J, Scherman O A, Rosta E, Baumberg J J 2016 Nature 535 127
[80] Martin-Cano D, Gonzlez-Tudela A, Martn-Moreno L, Garcia-Vidal F J, Tejedor C, Moreno E 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 235306
[81] Lin Z R, Guo G P, Tu T, Li H O, Zou C L, Chen J X, Guo G C 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 241401
[82] Constant T J, Hornett S M, Chang D E, Hendry E 2016 Nat. Phys. 12 124
[83] Gullans M, Tiecke T G, Chang D E, Feist J, Thompson J D, Cirac J I, Lukin M D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 235309
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